Integumentary ( Unitek)
Keloids: etiology/ pathophysiology
overgrowth of collagenous scar tissue, raised hard and shiny May be surgically removed, but may reoccur Steroids and radiation may be used
Eczema : clinical manifestation/ assessment
papules and vesciles on scalp, forehead, cheeks, neck and extremities, erytehma and dryness of area pruritus
Pediculousis: diagnostic test
physical exam
Folliculitis, Furnucles, Carbuncles, and Felons clincial manifestation/assessment
pustules, edema, erythema, pain, pruritis
contact dermatitis: medical management/nursing interventions
remove cause, burrows solution, corticosteriods to lesions, cold compresses, and antihistamines ( Benadryl)
Dermatophytoses- TINEA CAPTITS: etiology/ pathophysiology
ring worm of the scalp
Dermatophytoses- TINEA CORPORIS: etiology/ pathophysiology
ringworm of the body
partial thickness is what type of burn
second degree
Isotretinoin - Accutane- side effects
severe dryness of skin, mouth,eyes, mucous membrane, nose, and nails, skin fragility, epistaxis, joint and muslce pain, nausea and abdominal pain
cancerous neoplasm treatment-
surgical excision, chemotherapy: cisplatin, methrotrexate, dacarbazine
full thickness is what type of burn?
third degree
Full thickness burn is...
third degree burn
tetracycline - side effects
topcial: stinging, burning, slight, yellowoing of skin may occur systemic: nausea, diarrhea, photosensitivity
acyclovir - Zovirax: nursing implications
topical : use glove to apply cover lesion completely systemic: to ensure adequate hydration to prevent crystallizationin kidneys, administer IV dose for at least 1 hour
tetracycline- nursing implications
topical- avoid contact with sunlight systemic- give on empty stomach avoid concomitant administration of dairy product, laxatives, antacids, and products containing iron, avoid contact with sunlight, may cause permanent tooth discoloration when used in children
acyclovir - Zovirax: side effect
topical: burning, rash, pruritus, stinging systemic: headache, seizures, renal toxicity, phlebitis at IV site
Angiomas
A group of blood vessels dilate and form a tumor like mass Port wine birthmark Treatment: electrolysis; radiation
Clinical manifestation/ assessment of Tinea pedis
fissures and vesicles around and below toes
Superficial - first degree burn cause
flash flame, sun burn
Angioedema : Etiology/ pathophysiology
form of urticaria, occurs only in subcutaneous tissue, same offenders as urticaria
Verruca - wart common locations
hands, arms and fingers
Urticaria ( Hives) Diagnostic tests:
health history, allergy skin test
contact dermatitis: diagnostic test
health history, intradermal skin testing. elimination diets
Hypertrichosis ( hirsutism) causes
heredity, hormone dysfunction, medication
Urticaria- hives medical management/ nursing interventions
identify and alleviate cause, antihistamine, therapeutic bath, epinephrine, teach patient possible causes and preventions
Dermatophytoses- TINEA CRURIS:
jock itch
Appearance of partial thickness burn?
large, moist, vesicles that increase in size blanches with fingertip pressure, and refills when pressure removed
Herpes simplex prognosis type 2
lesions heal within 7-14 days Recur with depression of immune system: physical and/or emotional stress
Alpha Keri: side effect
local irritation, allergic action
Corticosteriods - topical - side effect
local irritation. maceration, superinfection, atrophy, itching and drying of skin
cancerous neoplasm
melanocytes invade the epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissue
Scabies: diagnostic tests
microscopic examination of infected skin
color of partial thickness burn
mottled with dull, white,tan, pink or cherry red areas
Herpes simplex prognosis type 1
no cure type1 - Lesions heal within 10-14 days. Recur with depression of immune system: physical and/or emotional stress
Cellulitis - etiology/ pathophysiology
- staphyloccus aureus or streptococci common in adults - not contagious
Cellulitis- Medical management/ nursing intervention
-antibiotics therapy x10days - pain meds - dressing should be warm moist, warm compress -elevation of body parts to reduce swelling - nutrition and hydration - cures within 10 day
Impetigo Contasgiosa- Clinical mannifestation
-lesion begins as macules and develops into isolated pustules -pustules rupture from honey colored exudate - usually affects face, hands, arms, and legs -highly contagious- direct or indirect contact -low grade fever leukocytosis
Urticaria ( Hives) Clinical manifestation/assessment
-pruritus - burning pain - wheals
Folliculitis, Furnucles, Carbuncles, Felons: medical management/nursing interventions
-war, soaks 2-3 times per day ( promote suppuration) - may require surgical incision and drainage -topical antibiotic cream or ointment -medical asepsis
Herpes Zoster- Shingles Medical Management
Analgesics, sterioids, kenalog lotion, corticosteroids, Acyclovir (Zovirax), Ativan and Atarax: decrease anxiety Warm baths and compresses Patient teaching
Etiology/pathophysiology: Tinea pedis known as:
Athletes' foot
Cellulitis- diagnostic test
CBC, X-rays, MRI, CT
Dermatophytoses- TINEA CAPTITS: Clinical Manfiestation/ Assessment
Erythematous around lesion with pustules around the edges and alopecia at the site
SLE - diagnosis includes-
Erythematous butterfly rash, alopecia, photosenstivity, oral ulcers, polyarthralgias and polyarthritis, pleuritic pain, Antinuclear antibody (ANA)
Herpes Zoster - Shingles Signs and Symptoms
Erythematous rash along a spinal nerve pathway Vesicles are usually preceded by pain Rash usually in the thoracic region Vesicles rupture and form a crust Extreme tenderness and pruritus in the area
Corticosteriods ( topical)
Fluocinonide- Lidex Triamcinolone- Kenalog Betamethasone - Valisone
Alpha Keri: nursing implicaiton
For exernal use only, excerise caution when using in a tub to avoid slipping
Herpes Zoster- Shingles Etiology/pathophysiology
Herpes varicellae (same virus that causes chickenpox) Inflammation of the spinal ganglia (nerve) Occurs when immune system is depressed
Herpes Simplex: Etiology/pathophysiology
Herpesvirus hominis Type 1 : most common, common cold sore Type 2: genital herpes
a client returns to the clinic for follow-up treatment after a skin biopsy of a suspicious lesion that was performed 1 week ago. The biopsy report indicates that the lesion is a melanoma. The nurse understands that which of the following describes a characteristic of this type of lesion?
It is highly metastatic.
Pediculousis etiology/ pathophysiology
Lice infestation Three types of lice: Head lice ( capitis) attaches to hair shaft and lays eggs Body Lice ( corporis) found around neck, waist, and thighs Pubic Lice ( crabs) looks like crab with pincers
Scabies: medical management/ nursing interventions
Lindane ( Kwell), pyrethirins (RID) crotamin( Eurax), 4-8% solution of sulfur in petrolatum Treat all family members Wash linens and clothing in hot water
pediculousis: medical management/ nursing interventions
Lindane ( Kwell); Pyrethrins (RID) Cool compresses Corticosteroid ointment Assess all contacts Wash bed linens and clothes in hot water Properly clean furniture or nonwashable materials
Pediculousis: clinical manifestation
Nites and/ or lice on involved area Pinpoint raised, red macules Pinpoint hemorrhanges Serve pruritus Excoriation
Psoriasis: etiology/ pathophysiology
Noninfectious Skin cells divide more rapidly than normal
SLE- clinical manifestation
oral ulcers, arthralgias, or arthritis, vasculitis, rash, nephritis, pericarditis, synovitis, organic brain syndromes, peripheral neuropathies, anemia, leukopenia
Psoriasis : clinical manifestation/ assessment
Raised, erythematous, circumscribed, silvery, scaling plaques Located on scalp, elbows, knees, chin and trunk
Eczema: medical management / nursing intervention
Reduce exposure to allergens Hydration of skin Topical steroids Lotions- Eucerin, Alpha-Keri, Lubriderm or Curel 3-4 times a day
Herpes Simplex medical management/ nursing interventions
Relive symptoms Acycolovir ( Zorvirax): oral, topical or IV Warm compresses to area Keep lesion dry and avoid direct contact Analgesics for pain control Technique for prevent spreading Teach good hygiene
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus etiology/ pathophysiology
SLE is an autoimmune disorder effcts skin,joints, kidneys, serous membranes,chronic, incurable,mutlicausal disease
SLE- medical management
SLE treatment goal include relief of symptoms. Drug therapy- NSAIDs, ASA, Ibuprofen, antimalarial drug, or chloroquine and corticosteroids such as prednisone.
Scabies: etiology/ pathophysiology
Sarcoptes scabiei ( itch mite) Mite lays eggs under the skin Transmitted by prolonged contact with infected area
Herpes Zoster as known as
Shingles
Impetigo Contasgiosa- Etiology/Pathophysiology
Staphlococcus aureus or streptococci
Herpes Simplex Clinical manifestations/ assessment type 1
Type 1 - vesicle at the corner of the mouth, on the lips or the nose "cold sores, Ertyhematous and edematous, Malaise and fatigue
How is Herpes Simplex contacted?
Type 1: Transmission contact with an open lesion Type 2 : primarily sexual contact
Herpes Simplex: clincial manifestation/ assessment type 2
Type 2- various types of vesciles on the cervix or penus, flu like symptoms
Scabies: clinical manifestation
Wavy brown, threadlike lines on the body ip to 1cm long Pruritus
Isotretinoin - Accutane- nursing implication
absolutely contraindicted in pregnant women or women contemplating childbearing age must practice contraception during therapy and 1 month before and after therapy
Eczema ( atopic dermatits) etiology/pathophysiology
allergen causes histamine to be released and an antigen-antibody reaction occurs, primarily occurs in infants
Urticaria ( Hives): Etiology/ pathophysiology
allergic reaction release of histamine in an anitgen- antibody reaction drugs, food, insect bites, inhalants, emotional stress or expsure to heat or cold
a nurse who is employed in a long-term care facility is planning the clinical assignments for the day. the nurse knows not to assign which staff member to the client with a diagnosis of herpes zoster?
an experience nursing assistant who has never had chicken box.
Corticosteriods- topical - action
anti- inflammatory agent
Isotretinoin - Accutane- action
antiacne agent
tetracycline - action
antibacterial agent
Impetigo Contasgiosa- medical management/nursing intervention
antiseptic soap ( betadine or hibiclens) to remove crusted exudates - topical antibiotic cream, ointment, lotion - antibiotics, oral or IV - keep area clean and dry
acyclovir - Zovirax: action
antiviral
Verruca ( wart) what is it?
benign, viral warty skin lesion
Dermatophytoses- tinea corporis, tinea cruris clinical manifestation
brownish red lesions groin, groin area, prurtis, skin excoriation
Angioedema : clinical manifestation/ assessment
buring and pruritus, acute pain, respiratory distress, edema of an entire area
Contact dermatits: clinical manifestation/assessment
burning, pain, pruitius,edma, papules and vesciles
Verruca - wart treatment
cauterization, solid carbon, dixoide. malignant melanoma
a nurse is designed to care for a client with heroes zoster. Which of the following characteristics would the nurse expect to note when assessing the lesions of this infection?
clustered skin vessels
Angioedema: Medical management/ nursing intervention
cold compresses, antihistamines, epinephrines, corticosteriods
full thickness burn cause
contact with hot liquids or solids flame chemicals electrical contact
Cause of partial thickness?
contact with hot liquids or solids, flash flame to clothing, direct flame, chemicals, ultraviolet light
Impetigo Contasgiosa- diagnostic tests
culture of exudate from lesion
Herpes Simplex Diagnostic test
culture of lesion
Herpes Zoster- Shingles Diagnostic test
culture of lesion
Hypertrichosis treatment
dermabrasion, electrolysis, chemical depilation, shaving, plucking
Contact dermatitis: etiology/ pathophysiology
direct contact with agents of hypersensitivity- detergents, soaps, industrial chemicals, plants
corticosteroids- nursing implications
do not use occulusive dressing unless directed by a physican
full thickness burn appearance
dry with leathery eschar, charred vessels visible under eschar
Alpha Keri: action
emollient
Cellulitis- Clinical manifestation and assessment
erythema, pain, hot and tender to touch, limited movement
Hypertrichosis ( hirsutism)
excessive growth of hair
SLE- diagnosis
extensive evaluations over months or years. One positive diagnostic tests along with three other criteria leads to diagnosis
Angioedema common sites
eyelids, hands, feet, toungue, largnx, GI, genitalia, or lips
cancerous neoplasm: greatest risk
fair complexion, blue eyes, red or blonde hair and freckles