Intro to Mortuary Science quiz two

What was the purpose of the red envelope in Chinese culture?

A red envelope was used as a vessel for the soul to take refuge. Name, rank, and moral standing of the deceased was scribed on the outside.

What was placed in a Etruscan tomb?

All essentials that a person might require in the afterlife were placed into the tomb

Mesopotamian royalty resided in a different part of the underworld, but what was the sentience every one shared?

everyone's existence is similar. Main sentence in underworld consisted of dirty water and dust- this could be avoided through offerings made by loved ones on earth.

Where do the Mesopotamian gods reside?

Lived in a place guarded by seven gates

What did the Celts believe the after life to be like?

heaven was truly heavenly, a place where sickness and trouble were unknown, all men and women were beautiful and would never grow old, food and drink would appear by magic, and enchanting music would fill the air.

Nergal

Mesopotamian god of the underworld

Ereshkigal

Mesopotamian goddess of death

Role of Mesopotamian minor gods?

Minor gods served as judges

Funeral processions normally involve?

Music Mourners Flowers All the above

Why would celts hang a dead enemys head on their door?

The display of an enemy's head around the home would ward off evil and bring good fortune.

Why would they burry their dead with money?

The Chinese buried money with their dead to pay the passage into the celestial kingdom.

What was the egg symbolic for in Chinese culture?

The egg was symbolic of resurrection. A hard boiled egg was placed near the deceased to help attain immortality.

What where Chinese coffins made of?

The were concerned about the durability of the material used to make the caskets, made of the best stock of wood.

Why did Celts hold the head as something sacred for the after life?

believed that headless enemies would not be able to return from the spirit world because the head was the substance of life as well as the soul. Celts believed that the head could remain alive even after death and it held many magical properties.

A bringer of evil often depicted with a skull for a head, the body displayed with bare ribs and spotted with yellow is called?

death god is a bringer of evil often depicted with a skull for a head, the body displayed with bare ribs and spotted with yellow. (mayan)

What were the Celtic dead burred with?

-wheeled wagons complete with horse fittings, painted jars for Greek wine, jewelry, iron swords, daggers and other instruments of warfare. ( Things to comfort them in the after life.

Why did the Chinese use six pallbearers specifically?

6 pallbearers were used to carry the casket. #6 symbolic of danger and approaching death.

What was Arallu like?

A dark dreary place entered to through a passageway that begins from the deceased final resting place

The ancient Chinese fear of the dead and forces controlling the dead greatly contributed to their burial customs and for males the ceremony began with the funeral procession passing before the home of the deceased and his place of business followed by:

A prayer

Why where Etruscan funeral games held?

Funeral games were in honor of the deceased

Advancement of Etruscan tombs?

As Etruscan cemeteries developed the tombs were well ordered to resemble streets and squares such as would be found in Etruscan cities.

Describe the Chinese funeral process of sprinkling body with water and releasing a fish into the water.

Body would be sprinkled with water before crossing the bridge Mourners would toss a live fish into the river to spread the news that the water taken for this purpose would be returned. A jar of water would then be emptied into the stream.

Mesoptamia's burial practices

Buried their dead beneath their houses or in graveyards Bodies laid to rest in stone or clay sarcophagus or large pots

Where did the Chinese funeral procession 1st pass?

Ceremony began with funeral procession passing the home and place of business.

Why would the Chinese plant a tree over their dead's graves? Why would they choose an ever green tree?

Chinese would show respect for dead by planting a tree on the grave so that the soul might be strengthened and guarded from corruption, The evergreen was used because it symbolized immortality through its unchanging color and freshness.

What did Chinese caskets represent in Chinese culture, and what did poor Chinese sons do for a good casket?

Differing grades of caskets represented the wealth of the deceased family. Chinese sons were known to sell themselves into slavery in order to purchase an expensive casket.

How did druids use after life to inspire the living?

Druids used this belief to inspire war-prone brave fierce warriors.

What inspired ancient Chinese burial customs?

Fear of the dead and forces controlling the dead had effect on burial customs.

What did the Etruscan funeral games include?

Fierce fight among Gladiators Games were serious, symbolic affairs performed by slaves Games included wrestling, acrobatics, juggling, music and dancing

Which members of society were cremated on a burning ship launched out to sea in Viking culture?

High nobility. Most funerals in Viking culture did not actually involve a burning ship launched out to sea, only if it were for a person of high nobility

What was the journey to Arallu like?

Includes a journey across a great river

What was the difference between poor being carried to their grave and the rich?

Peasantry and the poor would were obligated to carry the dead to their graves. The rich were carried by relay teams, consisting of up to 50 people, to the cemetery.

Where would the funeral procession pass after and why?

Procession would also cross a bridge to symbolize crossing the river of life.

What were Celtic Royalty burred with?

Royalty were buried with gold, silver and bronze as well.

The Inca culture performed the following ritual during wakes?

Singing and dancing

Reason for decorating with Yew trees:

Some species of the Yew tree were used for decorating burial places because they were poisonous and decidedly melancholy looking.

How was the Etruscan after life belief related to horses?

The journey to the world of the dead must be made by foot, horseback, or horse-drawn carriage

Incans worship what ?

The sun

What happens to neglected Mesopotamian souls?

Those neglected would be forced to return to earth to forage for food. Neglected souls became the demons who gave the living much trouble.

What body did the Celts they would enter the after life through?

To reach the other world the soul would pass either from one body to another or continue to control its original body from one world to the next.

Where was the trip of the after life to take place?

Trip had to be spent in subterranean world- tomb Early toms were made a comfortable as possible for the departed Eventually made to look like houses

Arallu

Underworld community, land of no return.

The Vikings believed in the spiritual afterlife which is known as

Valhalla, states that death terminated the physical part of the body only and that there was a spiritual afterlife.

In Mayan society, the following individuals were granted immediate entrance into the highest heavenly paradise:

Warriors killed in battle Individuals who performed suicide by hanging Sacrificial victims All of the above

Etruscan funeral procession consisted of?

Was a somber occasion Funeral procession was led by musicians Funeral carriage was drawn by mules or horses with mourners wailing beside At the rear were deceased servants carrying all the items to be placed into the tomb

What was the Chinese funeral procession done for?

lure away evil spirits

Celtic cult of Unetice:

named after the village where the study of this group was made. They developed call distinctions between graves. Aristocrat graves contained precious jewelry and battle implements.

Celtic cult of Bell Beaker Folk:

named for drinking vessels, beakers and archery paraphernalia found in their graves.

Celtic cult of Battle-Ax People:

named for stone or metal ax heads found in their graves under circular barrows or mounds.

Celtic cult of Urnfield:

practiced cremation, placing the remains into pottery urns which were collectively buried in flat cemeteries.

Druids

were the priests, lawgivers, scientists, and philosophers who governed over the Celts.