Intro to Psych (Chapter 10)

self-awareness

Unlike the psychodynamic theory, the humanistic-existential perspective emphasizes _________.

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory B. The Rorschach Inkblot Test

Which of the following tests is an example of an objective test?

Humanistic theorists C. Freudian theorists

Which of the following theorists believed that personality is not something people have but rather something they create to give meaning and direction to their lives?

Carl Jung

_____ developed the psychodynamic theory called analytical psychology.

Existentialism

_________ in part reflects the horrors of mass destruction of human life through war and genocide, frequent events in the 20th century.

Personality

_________ refers to the reasonably stable patterns of emotions, motives, and behavior that distinguish one person from another.

It was too vague to scientifically measure the psychic structures.

Which one of the following is a criticism of Freud's psychoanalytic theory?

observational learning

_________ is also termed as modeling.

superego

The _________ functions according to the moral principle.

Ego identity

According to Erikson, which of the following is the goal of adolescence?

reality principle

According to Freud, the ego is guided by the _____.

Erik Erikson

A psychology professor argues that the nature of the mother-infant relationship and social relationships are more crucial determinants of personality than sexual urges. In addition, she argues that we are conscious architects of our own personality. The professor's views are closest to those of _____.

self-ideals

According to Carl Rogers, _________ refer(s) to the mental images of what we are capable of becoming.

pleasure principle

According to Freud, the id follows the _____.

conscientiousness

According to the five-factor model, the five basic personality factors are extraversion, neuroticism, _________, agreeableness, and openness to experience.

feelings of inferiority and the creative self.

Alfred Adler's individual psychology focuses on:

unconditional positive regard

Bobby spilled water accidentally on his father's computer, but contrary to expectations, Bobby did not get grounded. His father acknowledged that it was a mistake and assured Bobby that he still loved him, despite the unfortunate incident. Bobby's father's response is an example of _____.

self-efficacy expectations

Chris, a high school student, is looking up the profiles of various colleges to make a decision about which one he wants to attend. Being a confident person, he believes that he will do well at a prestigious university. His belief in his success is called _____ by social cognitive theorists.

introversion-extraversion

Eysenck focused on the relationships between two personality traits: _________ and emotional stability-instability.

conscious, unconscious, and preconscious

Freud said that the human mind is composed of three parts, namely _____.

oral stage

Greg becomes a chain smoker in his early teens. According to the psychosexual stages of personality development, he is fixated at the _____.

self-actualization

In humanistic theory, the innate tendency to strive to realize one's potential is called _________.

Carl Rogers

Jim overhears a classmate explaining to a friend that people are free to do what they choose with their lives and that the meaning of their lives is what they give to it. He further explains that people have unique ways of looking at the world, known as unique frame of reference. The classmate is describing the views of _____.

Western cultural prejudice

Karen Horney believed that the view that girls feel inferior to boys was based on _____.

She has been rewarded for altruistic behaviors previously.

Kelly has devoted her weekends to working in a homeless shelter. Due to her philanthropic activities, her manager has considered her for a promotion at work. According to Watson and Skinner, which of the following statements will most likely explain Kelly's motivation to do social work?

He is extraverted and unstable.

Lewis generally comes across as a quick-tempered individual. His anger is easily triggered by trivial situations. According to Eysenck's dimensions, which of the following is true of Lewis?

reliability

Nicholas develops a new assessment tool to measure the psychological concept of extraversion. He finds that individuals who take the test repeatedly tend to score similarly each time. Which dimension of assessment has Nicholas established?

psychodynamic theories

Sigmund Freud was the first to develop the _____ of personality.

reinforcement

Skinner believed that the effects of _________ on behavior should be emphasized.

The Thematic Apperception Test

Steve has just completed a personality assessment in which he was shown a series of cards one at a time and asked to make up stories about them. Which of the following tests is he most likely to have taken?

a girl longing for her father and resenting her mother.

The Electra complex involves:

it pays less attention to genetic variation in explaining individual differences in behavior

The social cognitive theory is criticized because _________.

collectivists

When introducing himself to new people, Aaron says that he is a Catholic, Argentinean, and a grandfather of three. He defines himself in terms of these relationships that he maintains with other people. According to the sociocultural perspective on personality, this kind of description is characteristic of:

Unconscious sexual impulses are less important than social relationships in childhood.

Which of the following did Karen Horney's views emphasize?

social relationships

Which of the following is a focus of Erikson's theory?

The far-reaching effects of childhood events

Which of the following is a focus of the psychodynamic theory?

Mary witnessed the death of her sister when she was young but cannot remember it now.

Which of the following is an illustration of the defense mechanism of repression?

It emphasizes the collective unconscious and archetypes.

Which of the following is true of Carl Jung's analytical psychology theory?

Oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital

Which of the following represents the correct developmental sequence of Sigmund Freud's stages of psychosexual development?

A man donates to charity because his parents rewarded this behavior

Which of the following situations best describes Watson and Skinner's beliefs regarding behaviorism?