IT 213 Midterm Exam- GMU
Kbps
1 kilobits = 1 thousand bits
Mbps
1 megabit = 1 million bits
Landing Page
Appears when a visitor reaches a website by clicking a Link, Advertisement, or Search result Use to gauge effectiveness of marketing
Webbed/Random Structure
Arranges information without a specific order Visitors can choose which pages to visit (ex: informational website, catalogs, search features)
Images
Can personalize and familiarize the unknown Illustrations, Diagrams, Photographs, Stock images (Clip art, Photographs)
The World Wide Web (WWW or Web)
Consists of Internet-connected computers called Web servers on which webpages are stored
The Delivery Advantage
Distributing information via the web can be fast and inexpensive With the same immediacy and cost, the web can reach both global and local audiences Consider the web when the need exists for economical and rapid distribution of information Use your website to expand upon printed content
Search Engine
Enter a keyword into a search engine's text box; use the Advanced Search *might use a variety of methods to create its website database (index)* (ex: spiders or robots)
The goal of responsive web design (RWD) is to create websites that adjust layout and, in some cases, content, to the users viewing the webpages.
FALSE
Internet Relay Chat (IRC)
Example of Communication
Digital subscriber line (DSL) Cable television (CATV) line Fiber to the Premises (FTTP) Satellite
Examples of Broadband
Business-to-consumer (B2C) Business-to-business (B2B) Consumer-to-consumer (C2C)
Examples of E-commerce (online business activities)
Popular entertainment sites include music, videos, sports, games, and more News websites allow you to read news stories, and some even allow you to watch video clips
Examples of Entertainment and News
Regional ISP National ISP
Examples of Internet Service Provider (ISP)
Radio signals Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity) Cellular telephones Wireless providers' broadband networks 3G 4G
Examples of Mobile Internet Access
Home Page
First page visitors will see Should include Who, What, Why, Where Search feature Establish visual identity
Content writer / editor SEO expert Web designer UI / UX manager Web artist / graphic designer Multimedia producer
Creative Role
Video
Incorporates movement and sound Extremely large size (Downloadable, Streaming)
The Internet Society
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
The Interactivity Advantage
Internet and web technologies promote data and resource sharing (ex: Page of contact information, Links to blog, Twitter feed, Facebook page, Account signups, Web-based forms, Comments
Animated Elements
JavaScript HTML5 <canvas> element
Navigation Tabs
Present links as small tabs
Linear/Tutorial Structure
Presents information in a specific order Sequential, historical, or chronological (ex: training website)
Levels of Navigation
Primary Navigation (Overview of website) Local or subsidiary Navigation (Within an area of the website) Contextual Navigation (Specific to content being viewed) Adaptive Navigation (Links that use visitors' history)
Text
Primary component of a website Guidelines to consider Chunk text for scannability, Place explanatory information on linked pages, Keep content to one page where possible, Use active voice, action verbs, and a friendly tone, Remove transitional words and phrases like as stated previously, similarly, and as a result, Do not use web clichés (e.g., Click here to register)
Proximity
Proximity (or closeness) is associated with balance. (Related elements should be placed close to each other.)
IDE (Integrated Development Environment)
Microsoft Visual Studio
Organizing Website Files
Organize the resulting files in your website (HTML, Images, Animation and media) If using a CMS, files stored on CMS server (Gallery) Create folders on your computer's local hard drive (Regularly create backups)
Hierarchical Structure
Organizes information into categories and subcategories (ex: organizational / topical website)
Web administrator System architect Tester Social media expert
Oversight Role
JavaScript PHP CoffeeScript etc.
Scripting Languages
What can you assume about a user's equipment?
Target Platforms Target Browsers Target Bandwidth Target Screen Area/Resolution Target Device Types/Screen Sizes Responsive Web Design (RWD)
HTML Editor
Text editor enhanced with special features that are used to more easily insert HTML tags and their attributes (ex: HTML-Kit, CoffeeCup, BBEdit, NoteTab)
subsidiary or underlying pages
Should include the same elements as its home page (Name, Logo, Font, Color scheme, etc.)
W3C
The World Wide Web Consortium
transfer rate
The speed at which data travels from one device to another (Measured in bits per second (bps)) Kbps (1 kilobits = 1 thousand bits) Mbps (1 megabit = 1 million bits) ¨Higher-quality connections needed for streaming media
County Code TLD (ccTLD)
Two character codes intended to indicate the geographical location (country) of the website. (ex: ca., .cn, .fr, .gr, .jp, .uk) If no ccTLD, US (United States) is assumed. Unconventional ccTLD usage ("domain hacks") ex: del.icio.us, blo.gs, inter.net
Personal Organizational / Topical Commercial
Types of Websites
Navigation Bars
Use graphic buttons to present links (Drop-down menu)
Creative Role Technical Role Oversight Role
Web Design Roles (can be done independently or with a partner or group)
Text HTML WYSIWYG Editors IDE Web Template CMS Intranet
Web Design/Development Tools
Contrast
a mix of elements to stimulate attention. (Use different text styles, colors, and sizes)
Web Browsers
a program or app that requests, downloads, and displays webpages stored on a web server (ex: Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, Mozilla Firefox, Lynx (text-only), Opera)
portal
a website that offers a starting point for accessing information General consumer portal (ex: AOL, MSN) Personal portal (ex: MyYahoo!) Vertical portal (ex: usa.gov) Corporate portal
Responsive Web Design (RWD)
adjust layout and content to the device and screen displaying the webpages
Internet 2
community of U.S. and international leaders in research, academia, industry and government
Broadband
defines high-speed data transmissions over a communications channel that can transmit multiple signals at one time. (ex: Digital subscriber line (DSL), Cable television (CATV) line, Fiber to the Premises (FTTP), Satellite
4G
gaming apps and streaming media
Text Links
hyperlinks based on a word or words (URL)
top-level domain (TLD)
identifies the class of organizations.
Image Links
links assigned to visual elements
Hidden Links
links collapsed or hidden by default (ex: off-canvas/hamburger menu, rollover link)
3G
speech and data services
Focus
the center of interest or activity. (Use contrast to establish a focal point)
Balance
the harmonious arrangement of elements. Arrange web elements centered and balanced to suggest a conservative, safe, peaceful atmosphere (Avoid too much symmetry); Arrange web elements off balance to create a fun, energetic mood (Asymmetrical designs typically do not adapt well to mobile devices)
objectives
the methods you will use to accomplish the website's goals
goals
the results you want your website to accomplish within a specific time frame. Websites likely will have one primary goal and several secondary goals
Types of Breadcrumbs
Location (Static and show where the page is located in the website hierarchy) Path (Dynamic and show the path that the user has taken to arrive at a page) Attribute (Give information that categorizes the current page) Orientation of Breadcrumbs (Horizontal, Vertical)
Several universities and academic institutions publish some or all educational materials online
Massive Open Online Course (MOOC); Example of Education
Site Map
Summary page of links to major pages at the site
User-Controlled Navigation System
Allow visitors to move around the site in a manner they choose; Provide different types of navigation elements
Image Maps (Clickable Map)
An image that contains hotspots; Created by WYSIWYG editors or image mapping software
IANA
The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
ICANN
The Internet Corporation for Assigned Numbers & Names
WYSIWYG ( What you see is what you get) Editor
Adobe Dreamweaver CC
Currency Connectivity Interactivity Cost Delivery
Advantages of Web Publishing (nWeb publishing offers distinct advantages over print)
Interactive Elements
Polls Quizzes Comment features
Navigation Menu
A list of related links (Pop-out menu)
Multimedia
Combines text, images, movement, audio, video
Web Template
A predesigned model that can be customized for fast website or webpage creation or updating (ex: Wix, DreamTemplate, TemplateMonster)
Intranet
A private network within a large organization or commercial entity that uses Internet and Web technologies to share information among only its members, employees, or business partners
Internet
An Interconnected network of computer networks
Audio
Audio can vary in form and intensity Can persuade, inspire, personalize, motivate, or soothe
Search Directory
Builds index using human interaction; click category and subcategory links to find webpages
Select the Structure
Choose the method that you find most flexible to outline your website's structure Linear / tutorial structure Webbed / random structure Hierarchical structure
Influence on Society
Communication, Education, E-commerce, Entertainment and News
The Internet Client/Server Model
Client: Your machine running a Web browser ---> Your browser connects to the server and requests a page ---> <--- The server sends back the requested page <--- Server: machine running a Web server software
The Connectivity Advantage
Content Aggregators (ex: RSS feeds, social networkig tools social news websites) Streamlines the writing process
Interactivity
Elements that encourage website visitors to perform actions
Content Management System (CMS)
Facilitates the management of Web content development (ex: Drupal, WordPress, Joomla)
Demographic
Gender, age group, educational level, income, location, etc. Explain who your website visitors are
htp
Hypertext Transfer Protocol
User-Based Navigation System
Link pages based on visitors' needs; Understand how visitors will use your website
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) Extensible Markup Language
Markup Languages
Website Design Tools
Markup Languages (ex: Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), Extensible Markup Language (XML)) Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) Scripting Languages (ex: JavaScript, PHP, CoffeeScript, etc.)
Surfing the Web
Navigation by using hyperlinks or links
What can you assume about a user's usage?
Noisy - will you be able to hear the sounds, music or narration? Quiet - will any music, sounds or narration be annoying to others? Bright or dark? Home or work? Viewed by one person or a group? Used often or occasionally? Via assistive technology or directly?
Search Capability
Popular navigation tool for complex websites; Allows visitors to quickly locate pages in your site; Search process is the same for both large and small-scale sites
Psychographic
Social group affiliations, lifestyle choices, purchasing preferences, political affiliations, etc. Explains why visitors might want to access your website & how they might interact with your website
Text Editor
Software used to create plain (ASCII) text files
Web programmer / developer (ex: Front-end, Back-end, Full-stack) Database developer Web server administrator
Technical Role
TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
nDynamically Generated Content
Updates periodically and can be triggered by an event (Time of day, Visitor request) ¨Database-driven websites
The Cost Advantage
Updating web content is more cost effective than updating print content Web publishing costs do not vary based on length, color, or design complexity Developing a website can be expensive
The Currency Advantage
Websites can be updated continuously Use Connectivity tools to communicate with customers and enable social media sharing
Target Audience Wants, Needs, & Expectations Interview
What do they expect to gain from a visit to your website? What usability or accessibility issues are important to them? Are they generally experienced or inexperienced web users? Will they have any cultural biases, norms, or customs that must be accommodated by the website's design and organization?
Unity
a sense of oneness or belonging.
IP address
ex: 129.174.1.52
protocol
ex: http
domain name
ex: www.gmu.edu