IT 213 Midterm Exam- GMU

Kbps

1 kilobits = 1 thousand bits

Mbps

1 megabit = 1 million bits

Landing Page

Appears when a visitor reaches a website by clicking a Link, Advertisement, or Search result Use to gauge effectiveness of marketing

Webbed/Random Structure

Arranges information without a specific order Visitors can choose which pages to visit (ex: informational website, catalogs, search features)

Images

Can personalize and familiarize the unknown Illustrations, Diagrams, Photographs, Stock images (Clip art, Photographs)

The World Wide Web (WWW or Web)

Consists of Internet-connected computers called Web servers on which webpages are stored

The Delivery Advantage

Distributing information via the web can be fast and inexpensive With the same immediacy and cost, the web can reach both global and local audiences Consider the web when the need exists for economical and rapid distribution of information Use your website to expand upon printed content

Search Engine

Enter a keyword into a search engine's text box; use the Advanced Search *might use a variety of methods to create its website database (index)* (ex: spiders or robots)

The goal of responsive web design (RWD) is to create websites that adjust layout and, in some cases, content, to the users viewing the webpages.

FALSE

Internet Relay Chat (IRC)

Example of Communication

Digital subscriber line (DSL) Cable television (CATV) line Fiber to the Premises (FTTP) Satellite

Examples of Broadband

Business-to-consumer (B2C) Business-to-business (B2B) Consumer-to-consumer (C2C)

Examples of E-commerce (online business activities)

Popular entertainment sites include music, videos, sports, games, and more News websites allow you to read news stories, and some even allow you to watch video clips

Examples of Entertainment and News

Regional ISP National ISP

Examples of Internet Service Provider (ISP)

Radio signals Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity) Cellular telephones Wireless providers' broadband networks 3G 4G

Examples of Mobile Internet Access

Home Page

First page visitors will see Should include Who, What, Why, Where Search feature Establish visual identity

Content writer / editor SEO expert Web designer UI / UX manager Web artist / graphic designer Multimedia producer

Creative Role

Video

Incorporates movement and sound Extremely large size (Downloadable, Streaming)

The Internet Society

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)

The Interactivity Advantage

Internet and web technologies promote data and resource sharing (ex: Page of contact information, Links to blog, Twitter feed, Facebook page, Account signups, Web-based forms, Comments

Animated Elements

JavaScript HTML5 <canvas> element

Navigation Tabs

Present links as small tabs

Linear/Tutorial Structure

Presents information in a specific order Sequential, historical, or chronological (ex: training website)

Levels of Navigation

Primary Navigation (Overview of website) Local or subsidiary Navigation (Within an area of the website) Contextual Navigation (Specific to content being viewed) Adaptive Navigation (Links that use visitors' history)

Text

Primary component of a website Guidelines to consider Chunk text for scannability, Place explanatory information on linked pages, Keep content to one page where possible, Use active voice, action verbs, and a friendly tone, Remove transitional words and phrases like as stated previously, similarly, and as a result, Do not use web clichés (e.g., Click here to register)

Proximity

Proximity (or closeness) is associated with balance. (Related elements should be placed close to each other.)

IDE (Integrated Development Environment)

Microsoft Visual Studio

Organizing Website Files

Organize the resulting files in your website (HTML, Images, Animation and media) If using a CMS, files stored on CMS server (Gallery) Create folders on your computer's local hard drive (Regularly create backups)

Hierarchical Structure

Organizes information into categories and subcategories (ex: organizational / topical website)

Web administrator System architect Tester Social media expert

Oversight Role

JavaScript PHP CoffeeScript etc.

Scripting Languages

What can you assume about a user's equipment?

Target Platforms Target Browsers Target Bandwidth Target Screen Area/Resolution Target Device Types/Screen Sizes Responsive Web Design (RWD)

HTML Editor

Text editor enhanced with special features that are used to more easily insert HTML tags and their attributes (ex: HTML-Kit, CoffeeCup, BBEdit, NoteTab)

subsidiary or underlying pages

Should include the same elements as its home page (Name, Logo, Font, Color scheme, etc.)

W3C

The World Wide Web Consortium

transfer rate

The speed at which data travels from one device to another (Measured in bits per second (bps)) Kbps (1 kilobits = 1 thousand bits) Mbps (1 megabit = 1 million bits) ¨Higher-quality connections needed for streaming media

County Code TLD (ccTLD)

Two character codes intended to indicate the geographical location (country) of the website. (ex: ca., .cn, .fr, .gr, .jp, .uk) If no ccTLD, US (United States) is assumed. Unconventional ccTLD usage ("domain hacks") ex: del.icio.us, blo.gs, inter.net

Personal Organizational / Topical Commercial

Types of Websites

Navigation Bars

Use graphic buttons to present links (Drop-down menu)

Creative Role Technical Role Oversight Role

Web Design Roles (can be done independently or with a partner or group)

Text HTML WYSIWYG Editors IDE Web Template CMS Intranet

Web Design/Development Tools

Contrast

a mix of elements to stimulate attention. (Use different text styles, colors, and sizes)

Web Browsers

a program or app that requests, downloads, and displays webpages stored on a web server (ex: Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, Mozilla Firefox, Lynx (text-only), Opera)

portal

a website that offers a starting point for accessing information General consumer portal (ex: AOL, MSN) Personal portal (ex: MyYahoo!) Vertical portal (ex: usa.gov) Corporate portal

Responsive Web Design (RWD)

adjust layout and content to the device and screen displaying the webpages

Internet 2

community of U.S. and international leaders in research, academia, industry and government

Broadband

defines high-speed data transmissions over a communications channel that can transmit multiple signals at one time. (ex: Digital subscriber line (DSL), Cable television (CATV) line, Fiber to the Premises (FTTP), Satellite

4G

gaming apps and streaming media

Text Links

hyperlinks based on a word or words (URL)

top-level domain (TLD)

identifies the class of organizations.

Image Links

links assigned to visual elements

Hidden Links

links collapsed or hidden by default (ex: off-canvas/hamburger menu, rollover link)

3G

speech and data services

Focus

the center of interest or activity. (Use contrast to establish a focal point)

Balance

the harmonious arrangement of elements. Arrange web elements centered and balanced to suggest a conservative, safe, peaceful atmosphere (Avoid too much symmetry); Arrange web elements off balance to create a fun, energetic mood (Asymmetrical designs typically do not adapt well to mobile devices)

objectives

the methods you will use to accomplish the website's goals

goals

the results you want your website to accomplish within a specific time frame. Websites likely will have one primary goal and several secondary goals

Types of Breadcrumbs

Location (Static and show where the page is located in the website hierarchy) Path (Dynamic and show the path that the user has taken to arrive at a page) Attribute (Give information that categorizes the current page) Orientation of Breadcrumbs (Horizontal, Vertical)

Several universities and academic institutions publish some or all educational materials online

Massive Open Online Course (MOOC); Example of Education

Site Map

Summary page of links to major pages at the site

User-Controlled Navigation System

Allow visitors to move around the site in a manner they choose; Provide different types of navigation elements

Image Maps (Clickable Map)

An image that contains hotspots; Created by WYSIWYG editors or image mapping software

IANA

The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority

ICANN

The Internet Corporation for Assigned Numbers & Names

WYSIWYG ( What you see is what you get) Editor

Adobe Dreamweaver CC

Currency Connectivity Interactivity Cost Delivery

Advantages of Web Publishing (nWeb publishing offers distinct advantages over print)

Interactive Elements

Polls Quizzes Comment features

Navigation Menu

A list of related links (Pop-out menu)

Multimedia

Combines text, images, movement, audio, video

Web Template

A predesigned model that can be customized for fast website or webpage creation or updating (ex: Wix, DreamTemplate, TemplateMonster)

Intranet

A private network within a large organization or commercial entity that uses Internet and Web technologies to share information among only its members, employees, or business partners

Internet

An Interconnected network of computer networks

Audio

Audio can vary in form and intensity Can persuade, inspire, personalize, motivate, or soothe

Search Directory

Builds index using human interaction; click category and subcategory links to find webpages

Select the Structure

Choose the method that you find most flexible to outline your website's structure Linear / tutorial structure Webbed / random structure Hierarchical structure

Influence on Society

Communication, Education, E-commerce, Entertainment and News

The Internet Client/Server Model

Client: Your machine running a Web browser ---> Your browser connects to the server and requests a page ---> <--- The server sends back the requested page <--- Server: machine running a Web server software

The Connectivity Advantage

Content Aggregators (ex: RSS feeds, social networkig tools social news websites) Streamlines the writing process

Interactivity

Elements that encourage website visitors to perform actions

Content Management System (CMS)

Facilitates the management of Web content development (ex: Drupal, WordPress, Joomla)

Demographic

Gender, age group, educational level, income, location, etc. Explain who your website visitors are

htp

Hypertext Transfer Protocol

User-Based Navigation System

Link pages based on visitors' needs; Understand how visitors will use your website

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) Extensible Markup Language

Markup Languages

Website Design Tools

Markup Languages (ex: Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), Extensible Markup Language (XML)) Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) Scripting Languages (ex: JavaScript, PHP, CoffeeScript, etc.)

Surfing the Web

Navigation by using hyperlinks or links

What can you assume about a user's usage?

Noisy - will you be able to hear the sounds, music or narration? Quiet - will any music, sounds or narration be annoying to others? Bright or dark? Home or work? Viewed by one person or a group? Used often or occasionally? Via assistive technology or directly?

Search Capability

Popular navigation tool for complex websites; Allows visitors to quickly locate pages in your site; Search process is the same for both large and small-scale sites

Psychographic

Social group affiliations, lifestyle choices, purchasing preferences, political affiliations, etc. Explains why visitors might want to access your website & how they might interact with your website

Text Editor

Software used to create plain (ASCII) text files

Web programmer / developer (ex: Front-end, Back-end, Full-stack) Database developer Web server administrator

Technical Role

TCP/IP

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol

nDynamically Generated Content

Updates periodically and can be triggered by an event (Time of day, Visitor request) ¨Database-driven websites

The Cost Advantage

Updating web content is more cost effective than updating print content Web publishing costs do not vary based on length, color, or design complexity Developing a website can be expensive

The Currency Advantage

Websites can be updated continuously Use Connectivity tools to communicate with customers and enable social media sharing

Target Audience Wants, Needs, & Expectations Interview

What do they expect to gain from a visit to your website? What usability or accessibility issues are important to them? Are they generally experienced or inexperienced web users? Will they have any cultural biases, norms, or customs that must be accommodated by the website's design and organization?

Unity

a sense of oneness or belonging.

IP address

ex: 129.174.1.52

protocol

ex: http

domain name

ex: www.gmu.edu