Journalism B - FE Study Guide

"Performance gaps" can be defined as:

Features of a product that do not perform as promised

The criteria for review writing are similar to those used for:

Marketing evaluations of products and services

What does an inverted pyramid do?

Places the most important information first and then adds less important information at the end of the story.

Inverted pyramid

Places the most important information first and then adds less important information at the end of the story. This lead is essential to a straight news story.

Narrative lead

Uses an anecdote to engage the audience in the story

What should you avoid when writing a review?

Using mundane words such a fantastic or wonderful

When did Joseph Pulitzer abandon Yellow Journalism?

After the Spanish-American War

When did Joseph Pulitzer make his mark on the newspaper world?

In 1878, when he bought the St. Louis Post-Dispatch

Who was the only U.S. president to be awarded a Pulitzer Prize?

John F. Kennedy

His name is associated with a famous journalistic prize.

Joseph Pulitzer

Which man competed against William Randolph Hearst in the 1890s to see who could sell the most newspapers?

Joseph Pulitzer

Closed questions

Require one or two-word answers (good for surveys).

Creator of The Yellow Kid, one of the first comic strips.

Richard Felton Outcault

One of the most influential journalists during the Spanish-American War; opposed William Randolph Hearst's publishing tactics.

Richard Harding Davis

Who took a stand against William Randolph Hearst's tactics to fuel the Spanish-American War?

Richard Harding Davis

A great way to present multiple images about an event is to use a ___.

Slideshow

Historians consider which war the first "press-driven" war?

Spanish-American War

Which type of lead must have 35 or fewer words that answer who, what, when, where, and how?

Summary

When your review is not favorable, what should the tine of your review be?

That of an observer, refraining from personal criticism and judgment

Indecency or Obscenity

Applies to any communication "that, in context, depicts or describes, in terms patently offensive as measured by contemporary community standards, sexual or excretory activities or organs"

o Herbert Bayard Swope of New York World won the first Pulitzer Prize for reporting in:

1917

In what year did Miani Herald columnist Leonard Pitts Jr. win a Pulitzer Prize?

2004

Before the Spanish American War began, political cartoons depicted President William McKinley as:

A coward

Direct-address lead

Addresses the audience as "you." This lead should be used with care and is appropriate only in specific types of stories.

Who first defined "the art of persuasion" in the fourth century B.C.?

Aristotle

Which of the following topics should not be considered when developing ideas for review writing?

Athletes

"Provide details about the positive features of the product. Use descriptive adjectives that are specific, rather than general."

Body

Online stories should have ___.

Bulleted lists, informative subheads, and bold type to highlight proper nouns or important points

Information can sometimes be better presented using ___.

Charts or graphs

Pulitzer's publishing wealth funded the journalism school at which university in 1912?

Columbia University

What are the characteristics of a clickable interactive?

Combination of linear and non-linear storytelling, often incorporate animation, audio and video, popular among viewers, but time consuming to produce

"Provide a brief wrap-up of your overall rating of this product."

Conclusion

In which part of a review should you provide a brief summary of your overall rating of a product or event?

Conclusion

What is a common nickname for a review writer?

Critic

Which newspaper won the 2000 Pulitzer prize in the Breaking News Category for its coverage of the shootings at Columbine High School?

Denver Post

The Pulitzer Prizes are awarded for a(n):

Distinguished example of public service through reporting, cartoons, editorials, photographs, and online presentation. Distinguished example of feature photography.

What is one caution when using animated stories in journalism?

Don't overuse it, because it will distract the reader from the real story.

What do readers want when they visit a Website?

Easy navigation, short passages, pictures and/or graphics

If your review has been primarily negative, you should:

End positively

Lead of a review should always:

Engage the audience immediately in the review

In short, a speaker's appeal to the audiences "ethical side can be an appeal to the audience's:

Ethos

The rhetorical speaker's ability to exhibit fairness and respect for the audience, and appeal to ethical standards is an example of the fundamentals of:

Ethos

The three fundamentals of rhetoric are:

Ethos, Logos, Pathos

When providing details of other products in your review, you should:

Focus on details about the general features of other product.

Active verb

Forces the subject of the sentence to be the focus of the action (The man presented her with red roses) as opposed to the use of the passive verb ("The red roses were presented to her by the man").

Author of 1984, in which society falls under the spell of "Big Brother" and a video screen records people's activity inside their homes.

George Orwell

How did William Randolph Hearst's newspapers influence the Spanish-American war?

His newspapers blamed the Spanish for the sinking if the battleship Maine in Havana Harbor.

If a review identifies negative aspects of a product, what should it also do?

Identify positive aspects and suggest ideas for improvement.

Libel

Includes any published communication that falsely harms a person's reputation. It can occur anywhere in a newspaper or on-line publication. There are four elements, all of which must be proven in court.

Web stories should be ___.

Interactive and include layers of depth

___ Protects against public disclosure of private or embarrassing facts, false light, intrusion, and misappropriation.

Invasion of privacy

News beat

Is a section in your discussion area divided in the reporting groups for this course. You should post your story ideas and sources so that others will not work on the same story.

Convergence is a term used to describe the infusion of ___ in journalism.

Layers (multimedia)

"Engage the audience immediately... Identify the product and the features to be reviewed."

Lead

"Provide a brief reference as to what products are in competition with the product being reviewed."

Lead

Mr. Spock always uses his "head" when trying to convince his audience of his viewpoint. He often began his speech, "Logically speaking..." What fundamental of persuasion does Mr. Spock use?

Logos

When a speaker appeals to the audience by presenting logical, accurate information in a clear, concise way, what fundamental of rhetoric is utilized?

Logos

Attribute, Attribution

Means to identify the speaker of a quotation

What do many businesses rely on to learn how to improve customer satisfaction?

Media product reviews

Which of the following sections of a newspaper are you least likely to find a review?

News

Developed theories about the power of media to persuade and control.

Noam Chomsky

What could you include in the lead of a review to engage a reader?

Partial lead (who, what, when, where) or imagery, dialogue or quotations about the product.

Dr. Bones McCoy, unlike Mr. Spock, tries to convince his audience and win over support by an appeal to the "heart," or emotions of his listeners. What rhetorical fundamental does Dr. McCoy use?

Pathos

When a persuasive speaker appeals to the audience's sense of "right and wrong" in an attempt to win over hearts as well as minds by appealing to their emotions is an example of which rhetorical fundamental?

Pathos

When a speaker tugs at the emotions of the audience...that speaker utilizes which of the rhetorical fundamentals?

Pathos

Won a Pulitzer Prize in 1957 for his biography, Profiles in Courage.

President John F. Kennedy

"War should never be entered upon until every agency of peace has failed." Who said this?

President William McKinley

Newspaper articled and political cartoons influenced this man to engage the U.S. in war.

President William McKinley

A list of the top 10 songs published in Billboard magazine

Primary

A survey of teenagers who attended a rock concert

Primary

Live interviews with moviegoers who have just seen the premiere of a newly released film

Primary

o An interview with actor George Clooney about the film ocean's 11

Primary

Copyright

Protects the owner of an original work of authorship against unauthorized use of his/her work

The conclusion of a review should:

Provide a brief wrap-up of the overall rating of the product

Face or scene lead

Provides descriptive images of a person or setting that is significant to the story.

How did Joseph Pulitzer differ from William Randolph Hearst?

Pulitzer's newspaper exposed government corruption, tax-dodgers and gamblers.

Author of Fahrenheit 451, which showed the disconnection of people from personal relationships because of their absorption with television.

Ray Bradbury

Web writing should be scannable. What is the definition?

Scannable text consists of highlighted key words and phrases, and important points repeat throughout briefly.

A Chicago times review of Cucina Roma

Secondary

A blog that informs readers about the newest technological and electronic gadgets

Secondary

A book review published in the Miami Herald

Secondary

An article by a noted television critic arguing that All My Children star Susan Lucci deserves to win an Emmy award

Secondary

An article on a Web site about the benefits and drawbacks of owning an antique car

Secondary

o An article about the growth of tourism in Ireland published in Travel + Leisure magazine

Secondary

The New York journal and New York World relied on ___ to sell newspapers.

Sensationalistic headlines

o William Randolph Hearst's newspaper was called:

The New York Journal

A popular political cartoon theme in the 1890s featured what war?

The Spanish-American War

In which part of a review should the writer identify any "performance gaps?"

The body

Angle

The focus a writer decides to take when writing a story

Which of the following is a good example of a "performance gap"?

The new CD of Band X does not have a good mix of instruments.

Providing sources for a review is important because it shows the reader that

The reviewer is speaking from an informed viewpoint

Reporter Susan Streeter is reviewing a new crime fiction novel written by James Patterson. What should she include in her review?

The titles of other books he has written and what she thought of the book

Yellow journalism refers to what?

The use of sensationalistic news

When did Pulitzer and Hearst begin their battle to sell newspapers, and what did both do after the attack on the U.S. battleship Maine in February 1898?

Their battle began in 1896; They called for war against Spain.

Resigned as Assistant secretary of the Navy in may 1898; ultimately became the 26th President of the United States.

Theodore Roosevelt

"The art of persuasion" is also known as "rhetoric"

True

5 W's and the H

What, who, when, why, where, how

The Criteria for Writing Reviews should be looked at:

While you create your first draft

Owner of the New York Journal; responsible for the first "media-driven" war.

William Randolph Hearst

Contrast lead

o Consists of two or three short lead paragraphs that show contrasting information about people, things, or events