Knes 360 Final Practice Quiz

The sternoclavicular joint is supported anteriorly by the costoclavicular ligament.

false

The structural instability of the acetabular femoral joint makes it susceptible to subluxations and dislocations.

false

Velocity is how fast an object is moving, or the distance an object travels in a specific amount of time.

false

Which of the following is an anterior upper extremity muscle?

the pronator teres muscle

The term "isokinetics" describes a type of dynamic exercise that uses concentric and/or eccentric muscle contractions.

true

The tibia bears the majority of the weight as compared to the fibula.

true

The tibialis anterior muscle performs dorsiflexion of the ankle in the sagittal plane.

true

The ulna is much larger proximally than the radius.

true

Which of the following is a true statement about agonist muscles

They cause a joint motion through a specified plane of motion when contracting concentrically.

Which of the following levers would be best to use to move a specific object if your only objective was a slight movement of the object?

A second-class lever with a resistance arm of 10 and a force arm of 20

Which of the following is an action of the middle fibers of the deltoid muscles?

Abduction and horizontal abduction

Lowering the arm to the side or the thigh back to the anatomical position is an example of ________.

Adduction

Which of the following is not true regarding the rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and vastus lateralis?

All are superficial and palpable, except the vastus medialis.

Which of the following could be done to reduce the amount of force needed to move a lever?

Apply the force farther from an axis Move the resistance closer to an axis Decrease the amount of resistance Correct Answer All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following is not a true statement about antagonist muscles?

They work against agonist muscles by contracting and preventing movement.

Which of the following muscles externally rotates the knee?

Biceps femoris

Which of the following is an action of the latissimus dorsi muscle?

Both internal rotation and extension

Which of the following is not true regarding the bursae of the knee?

Bursae are composed mainly of fatty tissue.

Which of the following is an efficient way to stretch the pectoralis minor muscle

By lying supine with a rolled towel directly under the thoracic spine while a partner pushes each scapula into retraction

Most of the rotation within the cervical region occurs in the joint between ________.

C1 and C2

Bone is composed of all of the following except _______

Cartilage

Which of the following is correct regarding the patellofemoral joint?

Classified as an arthrodial type joint

Which of the following statements is true of concentric muscle contractions?

Contractions cause movement against gravity or resistance.

Which of the following is not true regarding the quadriceps muscle group?

Covered by the vastus fascia

Which of the following is not correct regarding menisci in the knee joint

Decreases stability

Which of the following actions is not performed by the trapezius muscle?

Downward rotation

Which of the following is not an action of the brachioradialis muscle

Extension of the elbow

Which of the following is a primary action of the latissimus dorsi muscle?

Extension of the glenohumeral joint

Which of the following muscles can perform extension of the lesser toes when concentrically contracting?

Extensor digitorum longus

Which of the following muscles can perform extension of the great toe when concentrically contracting?

Extensor hallucis longus

The scapula is an example of an irregular bone.

FALSE. Flat bone

Eccentric muscle contractions are referred to as muscle actions instead of a contraction since the muscle is shortening as opposed to lengthening.

False

Generally, parallel muscles will produce a lesser range of movement than similar-size muscles with a pennate arrangement.

False

In the context of wheels and axles, only the radius of the wheel corresponds to the force arms.

False

Kyphosis is increased posterior concavity of the thoracic curve of the vertebral column.

False

Ligaments and connective tissue provide dynamic stability to joints when actively contracting.

False

One of the functions of articular cartilage is to separate the diaphysis and epiphysis.

False

Sit-ups are an excellent exercise for strengthening the erector spinae muscles

False

Synergist muscles are considered to be the primary movers during activities.

False

The central, fleshy portion of a muscle is called the fascia.

False

The hamstring muscles function as a decelerator of the knee when decreasing speed to change direction and especially when landing from a jump.

False

The levator scapulae muscle is responsible for an upward rotation of the inferior angle of the scapula.

False

The sartorius is an example of a fusiform muscle.

False

The teres ligament is located anteromedially and inferiorly and slightly limits adduction

False

There are approximately 552 muscles in the human body.

False

Typical bony features include tendons, epiphysis, and articular cartilage.

False

In the human body when the triceps applies a force to the olecranon in extending the nonsupported forearm at the elbow, it exemplifies:

First-class levers

Which of the following muscles can perform flexion of the four lesser toes when concentrically contracting?

Flexor digitorum longus

Which of the following muscles does not perform eversion of the foot

Flexor hallucis longus

Kinematics is concerned with the description of motion and includes consideration of each of the following except:

Force

SLO: From the anatomical position, flex the elbow 90 degrees, then flex the shoulder 90 degrees, now move your shoulder into internal/external rotation. The last movement (internal/external rotation of the shoulder) takes place in the _____________________ plane about the ___________________________ axis

Frontal, anterior-posterior

Which of the following muscles can perform knee flexion when concentrically contracting?

Gastrocnemius

All of the following are key bony landmarks for knee joint actions except:

Gerdy's condyle.

Slo: In the movement below, going from the position top picture to the position in the bottom picture, which of the following sequence describes the action, type of contraction, and muscle group acting at the shoulder joint? (pictures are different. Only here to give you an idea)

Horizontal abduction, Eccentric, pectoralis major

Which of the following bony landmarks is located on the posterior surface of the scapula

Infraspinous Fossa

SLO: While cutting on the field, a soccer player took an awkward step and had their ankle go into the following position (see below). This player's ankle has gone into an _________ position, which also could result in the ______________ muscle group getting strained while performing an __________________contraction.

Inverted, peroneal, eccentric

Which of the following statements is true about the shoulder joint?

It is a multiaxial ball-and-socket joint classified as enarthrodial.

Which of the following is an important application of the trapezius muscle

It is always used in preventing the glenoid fossae from being pulled down during the lifting of objects with the arms.

Which of the following is a key application of the serratus anterior muscle?

It is used strongly in doing push-ups, especially in the last 5 to 10 degrees of motion.

Which of the following statements is true about an isometric muscle contraction

It is used to stabilize a body segment.

Which of the following statements is true about the carrying angle?

It permits the forearms to clear the hips in the swinging movements during walking.

Which of the following statements is not true regarding "shin splints"?

May be partially prevented by using Rocker Shoes

Which of the following is not a true statement of isokinetic exercise?

Muscular contraction occurs only through part of the movement.

Which of the following muscles is included in the anterior compartment?

Peroneus Tertius

Which of the following exemplifies a second-class lever in the human body?

Plantar flexion of the ankle to raise the body on the toes

Which of the following is not a function performed by the skeletal system?

Production of heat

Which of the following is not true regarding the hamstring muscle group?

Provides static stability to the knee joint

Which of the following is the pointing muscle that originates between middle and distal one-third of the posterior ulna?

The extensor indicis muscle

Which of the following is a true statement about synergist muscles

They are also known as guiding muscles.

Which of the following statements is false about forces?

They are relative to the mass of an object.

If the ________ plane runs from anterior to posterior, then its axis must run from side to side.

Sagittal Plane

Which of the following applications necessarily involves the levator scapulae muscle?

Shrugging the shoulders

Which of the following terms means related to, or situated to the left or on the left side of, something?

Sinister

Which of the following is not true regarding strength and endurance being essential for maintenance of patellofemoral stability?

Strength and flexibility are not often a problem with the muscles of the knee joint.

Which of the following terms refers to a position of the foot and ankle resulting from a combination of ankle plantar flexion, subtalar inversion, and forefoot adduction?

Supination

Which of the following muscles does not perform wrist extension?

The abductor pollicis longus muscle

Which of the following muscles may not be palpated on the dorsal aspect of the hand?

The abductor pollicis longus muscle

Which of the following muscles performs abduction of the thumb?

The abductor pollicis longus muscle

Which of the following muscles performs actions in the frontal plane?

The abductor pollicis longus muscle

Which of the following muscles is involved in both pronation and supination?

The brachioradialis muscle

Which of the following muscles performs abduction of the wrist?

The extensor carpi radialis longus muscle

Which of these muscles may be palpated just proximal to the dorsal aspect of the wrist and approximately 1 cm medial to the radial styloid?

The extensor carpi radialis longus muscle

Which of the following is the only muscle that flexes the finger distal interphalangeal joint (DIP) joints?

The flexor digitorum profundus muscle

Which of the following is true of an eccentric muscle action?

The force developed by the muscle is less than that of the resistance.

Which of the following is important in extension of the thigh with external rotation?

The gluteus maximus muscle

Which of the following is considered to be an agonist muscle during hip abduction?

The gluteus medius muscle

Which of the following muscles is not strengthened to any substantial degree by sit-ups?

The internal and external abdominal obliques PreviousNext

Which of the following is the broadest muscle of the back and is sometimes referred to as the swimmer's muscle?

The latissimus dorsi muscle

When performing the up portion of the sit-up with rotation to the left, which of the following muscles are utilized the most

The left internal oblique abdominal and the right external oblique abdominal

Which of the following muscles would not be concentrically active when attempting to place the right ear on the right shoulder while lying on the left side?

The left sternocleidomastoid

Which of the following statements is correct regarding trunk movement at the lumbar spine?

The lumbar spine extends 20 to 30 degrees

Which of the following muscles is best stretched in a side-lying position by having a partner take the knee into full flexion and simultaneously take the hip into extension?

The rectus femoris muscle

Which of the following muscles are used powerfully in chinning, an activity in which an individual hangs from a horizontal bar suspended by his or her hands and pulls himself or herself up until his or her chin is over the bar?

The rhomboid muscles

Which of the following muscles is a two-joint muscle, effective as a hip flexor or as a knee flexor, and is sometimes referred to as the tailor's muscle?

The sartorius muscle

Which of the following muscles is important in providing dynamic medial stability to the knee joint because of the manner in which it crosses the joint and is also responsible for internal rotation of the knee?

The semimembranosus muscle

Which of the following muscles would best be strengthened by the bench press and overhead press exercises?

The serratus anterior muscle

Which of the following is the correct definition of kinesiology

The study of the principles of anatomy, physiology, and mechanics in relation to human movement

Which of the following muscles performs stabilization and protection of the sternoclavicular joint?

The subclavius muscle

Which of the following is the most often injured rotator cuff muscle?

The supraspinatus muscle

Which of the following muscles of the shoulder joint is located on the posterior surface of the scapula?

The supraspinatus muscle

Which of the following is not considered to be a muscle in the rotator cuff group?

The teres major muscle

Which of the following muscles performs an action in a sagittal plane of motion

The trapezius Muscle

Which of the following muscles performs both elevation and depression?

The trapezius muscle

Which of the following is not a factor that contributes to the injury rate of the glenohumeral joint?

Tight configuration of ligaments

Which of the following is a primary purpose of wheels and axles in the musculoskeletal system

To enhance range of motion

Which of the following is not a term used to classify the pennate type of muscle fiber arrangement?

Tripennate

All muscle contractions are classified as either isometric or isotonic.

True

As the knee approaches full extension, the tibia must externally rotate approximately 10 degrees to achieve proper alignment of the tibial and femoral condyles.

True

Bone size and shape are influenced by both the direction and magnitude of forces that are habitually applied to them

True

Bones reshape themselves based upon the stresses that are placed upon them.

True

Dynamics involves the study of systems in motion with acceleration.

True

Flexion or extension can occur with abduction, adduction, or rotation.

True

In the context of first-class levers, the agonist and antagonist muscle groups may contract simultaneously on either side of a joint axis.

True

In the context of wrist and hand movements, opposition refers to the movement of the thumb across the palmar aspect to oppose any or all of the phalanges.

True

The actions of the serratus anterior muscle include abduction and upward rotation.

True

The coracoclavicular ligament is particularly important in providing stability to the acromioclavicular joint.

True

The deltoid anterior fibers are responsible for the internal rotation and the deltoid posterior fibers are responsible for the external rotation of the glenohumeral joint.

True

The distal malleoli of the tibia and fibula serve as pulleys for the posterior tendons to increase the mechanical advantage of the respective muscles in performing inversion and eversion actions.

True

The fibula is not part of the ginglymus articulation of the knee joint.

True

The normal curves of the cervical and lumbar portions of the spine are lordotic.

True

The shoulder joint agonists that perform flexion are the anterior deltoid, the upper pectoralis major, and the coracobrachialis muscles

True

The supraspinatus muscle holds the head of the humerus in the glenoid fossa

True

The trapezius muscles can perform adduction in a transverse plane of motion when activated

True

The two major types of fiber arrangements are parallel and pennate

True

Two different muscles may contract simultaneously at a joint and cause a motion that neither would cause if contracting alone

True

When antagonist muscles contract concentrically, they perform the joint motion opposite to that of the agonist muscle.

True

Which of the following actions is performed by the serratus anterior muscle?

Upward rotation

SLO: In the down phase of a pull up (moving from Top to Bottom), what are the movements and type of muscle activity for the shoulder girdle and shoulder joints?

Upward rotation, abduction, eccentric

Which of the following actions is associated with the middle fibers of the trapezius muscle?

Upward rotation, adduction, and elevation

SLO: In the exercise below, the individual is performing a one-legged deadlift with a band wrapped around the lateral portion of the tibiofemoral joint in a frontal plane. The goal of this exercise is to keep the band from pulling the knee into ________________ by activating the _________________ muscle.

Valgus, Gluteus medius

Movements in the transverse plane occur around the ________ axis.

Vertical

SLO: An individual that demonstrates an anterior pelvic tilt likely has ____

a and b : Lengthening of the hip extensors Shortening of the hip flexors

Which of the following levers would be best to use to move a specific object if your only objective was speed of the object's movement?

a third-class lever with a resistance arm of 20 and a force arm of 10

The ulnar collateral ligament is critical to providing medial support to prevent the elbow from abducting when stressed in physical activity.

true

Which of the following muscles works effectively with the latissimus dorsi and is said to be the latissimus dorsi's "little helper"?

the teres major muscle

The vertebrae increase in size from the cervical to the lumbar region because the lower back supports more weight.

true

Which of the following terms is defined as the rate of change in velocity?

acceleration

An action common to the latissimus dorsi, the teres major, and the lower pectoralis major muscles is ________.

adduction

In the context of shoulder girdle movements, which of the following terms refers to the movement of the scapula medially toward the spinal column, as in pinching the shoulder blades together?

adduction

The medial compartment of the thigh contains the muscles—adductor brevis, the adductor longus, the adductor magnus, the pectineus, and the gracilis—that are primarily responsible for ________.

adduction of the hip

Agonist muscles during hip flexion include all of the following except the:

adductor magnus muscle.

The chief function of the ________ is to pull the synovial membrane of the elbow joint out of the way of the advancing olecranon process during extension of the elbow.

anconeus muscle

In basketball and soccer, injury to the ________ occurs much more commonly to females than to males.

anterior cruciate ligament

The pectineus muscle is located ________ and performs ________ of the hip.

anteriorly; flexion

Abduction takes place around the _____ axis.

anteroposterior

Motion between the articular surfaces of bones is known as ________.

arthrokinematics

All of the following are provided by muscles except

attachment points for other muscles

The most prominent tendon crossing the ankle anteromedially and the easiest to palpate is the ________.

tibialis anterior

A football player in a four-point stance has more balance than the same football player in a three-point stance.

true

A resistance arm is defined as the distance between an axis and the point of resistance application.

true

Radioulnar pronation is performed by all of the following muscles except the:

brachialis muscle.

A sideward deviation of the spine is known as scoliosis.

true

Articular cartilage is located on the surfaces of both the femur and tibia

true

SLO : During the up phase of a triceps dip (going from right to left), what type of contraction is occurring, which muscles are the agonist and which muscles are the antagonists at the humeroulnar (elbow) joint?

concentric, extensors (agonist), flexors (antagonist)

Which of the following is not a property of skeletal muscle tissue that allows for force production and movement about joints?

constrictibility

The semitendinosus muscle is located laterally and internally rotates the knee.

false

The shoulder joint agonists that are associated with diagonal adduction are the posterior deltoid, the infraspinatus, and the teres minor muscles.

false

SLO: From the previous question, the following muscles would be the most active in performing these actions (lowering phase of pull up) and type of contraction:

deltoid, pectoralis minor

The trapezius lower fibers are involved in all of the following actions except:

elevation

Which of the following actions is performed by the levator scapulae muscle

elevation

The primary movers in cervical spine extension (against resistance) are the:

erector spinae

An action common to the latissimus dorsi, teres major, and lower pectoralis major is ________.

extension

An action common to the teres minor and the infraspinatus muscles is ________.

external rotation

A movement of the forearm away from the shoulder is best described by the term "flexion."

false

Aging causes progressive gain of collagen and increases bone brittleness.

false

An ankle sprain is a common injury that involves the stretching or tearing of one or more tendons.

false

Angular displacement is the change in location of a linearly moving body.

false

Assuming that the bat speed and pitched ball velocity were the same, the ball hit with the middle of the bat would travel farther than the ball hit with the larger end of the bat.

false

Cancellous bone is stiffer and can withstand greater stress, but less strain, than cortical bone.

false

Contractility is the ability of muscle to contract and develop tension or internal force in the same direction as a resistive force when stimulated.

false

During both walking and running, there is a point where neither foot is touching the ground.

false

Except for the glenohumeral joint, the acetabular femoral joint is the least mobile joint of the body.

false

Hip flexion refers to the movement of the femur in the frontal plane laterally to the side away from the midline

false

Hitting the "funny bone" and experiencing a painful tingling sensation is actually a contusion to the humeral nerve

false

Immediately prior to and during normal toe-off, the foot should be in pronation and the leg should be in external rotation.

false

In the anatomical position, the radius is medial with respect to the ulna

false

In the context of wrist and hand movements, radial flexion refers to the movement of the thumb side of the hand toward the medial aspect or radial side of the forearm.

false

Inversion is turning the ankle and foot outward away from the midline of the body where the weight is on the medial edge of foot.

false

Lateral epicondylitis is a condition that occurs less commonly than medial epicondylitis.

false

Most of the movement that occurs in the spinal column occurs in the cervical and the thoracic regions of the spine.

false

Six pairs of ribs attach directly to the sternum via a separate costal cartilage.

false

Slight variations in the location of a force and a resistance have no effect in determining the mechanical advantage (MA) and effective force of a muscle

false

Supination refers to an internal rotary movement of the radius on the ulna.

false

The acetabular femoral joint is reinforced by an extremely weak ligamentous capsule and the stability of this joint is attributed to the surrounding musculature.

false

The acetabulum inserts onto the femoral head to form the acetabular femoral joint.

false

The anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments are located on the outermost anterior and posterior surfaces of the knee joint.

false

The diaphragm depresses and draws the central tendon forward during exhalation.

false

The elbow joint is a hinge-type joint that allows only internal and external rotations.

false

The femoral condyles articulate with the fibular condyles during flexion of the knee.

false

The flexor pollicis longus muscle may be palpated on the posterior surface of the thumb.

false

The human wrist and hand have more than 30 muscles, of which 11 are intrinsic muscles

false

The iliofemoral, or Y, ligament is located posteriorly and prevents hyperextension.

false

The lateral collateral ligament is more frequently injured than other knee joint ligaments.

false

The lateral collateral ligament originates on the lateral femoral condyle distally to the popliteus muscle origin and inserts on the fibular head.

false

The location of the pectoralis minor muscle facilitates its palpation with little difficulty

false

The medial malleolus is an anatomical landmark located on the fibula

false

The medial malleolus is an anatomical landmark located on the fibula.

false

The olecranon process is located on the medial aspect of the ulna

false

The patella is classified as an "irregular" bone because it is imbedded in the patellar tendon.

false

The quadriceps muscles perform eccentric contractions during accelerating actions.

false

The scapula moves on the rib cage as a consequence of joint motion actually occurring at the acromioclavicular joint and to a lesser extent at the sternoclavicular joint

false

The scapulothoracic joint is a true synovial joint, and its movement is independent of the sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints.

false

The gluteus maximus muscle is stretched in the supine position with full hip flexion to the ipsilateral axilla and then to the contralateral axilla with the knee in ________.

flexion

SLO: In the movement below, going from the position on the left to the position on the right, which of the following sequences best describes the action, type of contraction, and the muscle group involved at the knee joint?

flexion, eccentric, quadriceps group

Which of the following muscles performs adduction of the wrist?

flexor carpi ulnaris muscle

Which of the following muscles can perform flexion of the great toe when concentrically contracting

flexor hallucis longus

The frontal plane divides the body into

front and back halves

Triceps surae refers to the _____.

gastrocnemius and soleus

An action common to the latissimus dorsi, the teres major, the subscapularis, and the pectoralis major muscles is ________.

internal rotation

Which of the following statements is true about velocity

it is the rate at which an object changes its position

SLO: If a person is holding a heavy dumbbell in their right hand while doing a single-arm "suit-case carry" exercise, they will need to activate the anti-lateral flexors on their _______ side to resist lateral flexion to the ________ side.

left, right

Which of the following is the most common form of simple machine found in the human body?

levers

The ________ vertebrae serve as a link between the pelvic girdle and the thoracic spine rib cage.

lumbar

Momentum, or the quality of motion, is equal to ________.

mass times velocity

________ is a useful way to determine muscle action and is done through using the sense of touch to feel or examine a muscle as it contracts.

palpation

The ________ muscle does not perform flexion of the elbow

pronator quadratus

The three specific types of accessory motions are

roll, spin, glide

Flexion of the elbow occurs in the ________ plane of motion, and supination of the forearm occurs in the ________ plane of motion.

sagittal; transverse

Agonist muscles during hip extension include all of the following except the:

sartorius muscle

Which of the following muscles only performs plantar flexion?

soleus

From the medial to the lateral, the erector spinae muscles are the ________.

spinalis, longissimus, and iliocostalis

Which of the following bony landmarks is located on the anterior surface of the scapula

subscapular fossa

Stabilization of the humeral head in the glenoid fossa is a primary action of the ________.

subscapularis muscle

The vastus lateralis provides a(n) ________ pull on the patella when contracting concentrically.

superolateral

The vastus medialis provides a(n) ________ pull on the patella when contracting concentrically.

superomedial

In the context of radioulnar joint movements, which of the following terms refers to the external rotary movement of the radius on the ulna that results in the hand moving from the palm-down to the palm-up position?

supination

Muscles that flex the knee include all of the following except:

tensor fascia latae.

Which of the following muscles performs extension of the index finger at the metacarpophalangeal joint

the extensor indicis muscle

The shoulder girdle movements primarily involve all of the following muscles except:

the pectoralis major muscle.

As the elbow reaches full extension, the olecranon process of the ulna is received by the olecranon fossa of the humerus, and this provides increased joint stability.

true

Biomechanics is the study of mechanics related to the functional and anatomical analysis of biological systems.

true

Bones continue to grow longitudinally as long as the epiphyseal plates are open.

true

Both the size and shape of bones can limit or allow movements.

true

Carpal tunnel syndrome is a condition in which there is an increased pressure in the carpal tunnel, which interferes with the normal function of the median nerve

true

Diarthrodial joints are also known as synovial joints.

true

Distally, the patella serves as a major bony landmark to which all four quadriceps muscles attach and ultimately insert on the tibial tuberosity via the patella tendon

true

Each finger has three interphalangeal joints, whereas the thumb has only two.

true

Elbow motions primarily involve movement between the articular surfaces of the humerus and the ulna.

true

Flexion of the forearm with a barbell in the hands, known as "curling," is an excellent exercise to develop the biceps brachii muscle.

true

For the pelvis to rotate in any direction, movement must occur in either the right hip, the left hip, the lumbar spine, or a combination of these locations.

true

Functions of the acetabular femoral joint include weight bearing and locomotion.

true

Generally, the hip joint can be abducted in the range of 0 to 35 degrees.

true

Glenohumeral joint stability is enhanced slightly by the glenoid labrum.

true

In the anatomical position, the tuberosity of the radius is in close proximity to the lateral side of the ulna.

true

In the context of shoulder joint movements, abduction refers to an upward lateral movement of the humerus in the frontal plane out to the side, away from the body

true

In the context of wrist and hand movements, ulnar flexion refers to the movement of the little finger side of the hand toward the medial aspect or ulnar side of the forearm.

true

Joint movement may occur without any muscle contraction.

true

Linear displacement is the distance a system moves in a straight line

true

Medial epicondylitis is frequently referred to as "golfer's elbow."

true

Most outer bone is composed of cortical bone with cancellous bone underneath.

true

Muscles are the main source of force that produces or changes movement of a body segment or an entire body.

true

Positioning the forearm in pronation decreases the effectiveness of the biceps brachii muscle.

true

Pronation is a combination of ankle dorsiflexion, subtalar eversion, and forefoot abduction.

true

Short force arms and long resistance arms require great muscular strength to produce movement.

true

Spinal flexion is defined as anterior movement of the spine where the head moves toward the chest and the thorax moves toward the pelvis.

true

The ankle and foot joints are composed of 26 bones in each foot

true

The erector spinae iliocostalis muscles are considered to be agonist muscles during extension of the spine.

true

The extensor carpi ulnaris muscle and the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle are the only muscles involved in ulnar deviation.

true

The extensors of the wrist include, from lateral to medial, the extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, and extensor carpi ulnaris.

true

The fingers can only flex and extend, except at the metacarpophalangeal joints, where abduction and adduction are controlled by the intrinsic hand muscles.

true

The glenohumeral joint is paired with the shoulder girdle to accomplish the total shoulder range of motion.

true

The hip joint is a ball-and-socket joint that consists of the head of the femur connecting with the acetabulum of the pelvic girdle.

true

The location of the erector spinae muscles enables them to extend the spine and assist in rotation and lateral flexion.

true

The most common type of ankle sprain results from excessive inversion that causes damage to the anterior talofibular ligament.

true

The only muscle involved in extending all of the metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints of the four lesser toes is the extensor digitorum longus.

true

The patella serves as a pulley by improving the angle of pull with the result being a greater mechanical advantage for the quadriceps during knee extension.

true

The pelvic girdle consists of a right and left pelvic bone joined together posteriorly by the sacrum

true

The pubofemoral ligament is located anteromedially and inferiorly and limits excessive extension and abduction

true

The semimembranosus muscle is located posteromedially and internally rotates the knee.

true

The serratus anterior muscle performs abduction in a transverse plane of motion.

true

To stretch the flexor carpi ulnaris, the elbow must be fully extended with the forearm supinated while a partner passively extends and abducts the wrist.

true

Wrist joint actions include flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.

true

Which of the following is the sole action of the brachialis muscle?

true flexion of the elbow

Which of the following is an action of the pronator teres muscle?

weak flexion of the elbow

The actions of the brachioradialis muscle include all of the following except:

weak flexion of the shoulder joint.