Knes 360 Final Practice Quiz
The sternoclavicular joint is supported anteriorly by the costoclavicular ligament.
false
The structural instability of the acetabular femoral joint makes it susceptible to subluxations and dislocations.
false
Velocity is how fast an object is moving, or the distance an object travels in a specific amount of time.
false
Which of the following is an anterior upper extremity muscle?
the pronator teres muscle
The term "isokinetics" describes a type of dynamic exercise that uses concentric and/or eccentric muscle contractions.
true
The tibia bears the majority of the weight as compared to the fibula.
true
The tibialis anterior muscle performs dorsiflexion of the ankle in the sagittal plane.
true
The ulna is much larger proximally than the radius.
true
Which of the following is a true statement about agonist muscles
They cause a joint motion through a specified plane of motion when contracting concentrically.
Which of the following levers would be best to use to move a specific object if your only objective was a slight movement of the object?
A second-class lever with a resistance arm of 10 and a force arm of 20
Which of the following is an action of the middle fibers of the deltoid muscles?
Abduction and horizontal abduction
Lowering the arm to the side or the thigh back to the anatomical position is an example of ________.
Adduction
Which of the following is not true regarding the rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and vastus lateralis?
All are superficial and palpable, except the vastus medialis.
Which of the following could be done to reduce the amount of force needed to move a lever?
Apply the force farther from an axis Move the resistance closer to an axis Decrease the amount of resistance Correct Answer All of the answers are correct.
Which of the following is not a true statement about antagonist muscles?
They work against agonist muscles by contracting and preventing movement.
Which of the following muscles externally rotates the knee?
Biceps femoris
Which of the following is an action of the latissimus dorsi muscle?
Both internal rotation and extension
Which of the following is not true regarding the bursae of the knee?
Bursae are composed mainly of fatty tissue.
Which of the following is an efficient way to stretch the pectoralis minor muscle
By lying supine with a rolled towel directly under the thoracic spine while a partner pushes each scapula into retraction
Most of the rotation within the cervical region occurs in the joint between ________.
C1 and C2
Bone is composed of all of the following except _______
Cartilage
Which of the following is correct regarding the patellofemoral joint?
Classified as an arthrodial type joint
Which of the following statements is true of concentric muscle contractions?
Contractions cause movement against gravity or resistance.
Which of the following is not true regarding the quadriceps muscle group?
Covered by the vastus fascia
Which of the following is not correct regarding menisci in the knee joint
Decreases stability
Which of the following actions is not performed by the trapezius muscle?
Downward rotation
Which of the following is not an action of the brachioradialis muscle
Extension of the elbow
Which of the following is a primary action of the latissimus dorsi muscle?
Extension of the glenohumeral joint
Which of the following muscles can perform extension of the lesser toes when concentrically contracting?
Extensor digitorum longus
Which of the following muscles can perform extension of the great toe when concentrically contracting?
Extensor hallucis longus
The scapula is an example of an irregular bone.
FALSE. Flat bone
Eccentric muscle contractions are referred to as muscle actions instead of a contraction since the muscle is shortening as opposed to lengthening.
False
Generally, parallel muscles will produce a lesser range of movement than similar-size muscles with a pennate arrangement.
False
In the context of wheels and axles, only the radius of the wheel corresponds to the force arms.
False
Kyphosis is increased posterior concavity of the thoracic curve of the vertebral column.
False
Ligaments and connective tissue provide dynamic stability to joints when actively contracting.
False
One of the functions of articular cartilage is to separate the diaphysis and epiphysis.
False
Sit-ups are an excellent exercise for strengthening the erector spinae muscles
False
Synergist muscles are considered to be the primary movers during activities.
False
The central, fleshy portion of a muscle is called the fascia.
False
The hamstring muscles function as a decelerator of the knee when decreasing speed to change direction and especially when landing from a jump.
False
The levator scapulae muscle is responsible for an upward rotation of the inferior angle of the scapula.
False
The sartorius is an example of a fusiform muscle.
False
The teres ligament is located anteromedially and inferiorly and slightly limits adduction
False
There are approximately 552 muscles in the human body.
False
Typical bony features include tendons, epiphysis, and articular cartilage.
False
In the human body when the triceps applies a force to the olecranon in extending the nonsupported forearm at the elbow, it exemplifies:
First-class levers
Which of the following muscles can perform flexion of the four lesser toes when concentrically contracting?
Flexor digitorum longus
Which of the following muscles does not perform eversion of the foot
Flexor hallucis longus
Kinematics is concerned with the description of motion and includes consideration of each of the following except:
Force
SLO: From the anatomical position, flex the elbow 90 degrees, then flex the shoulder 90 degrees, now move your shoulder into internal/external rotation. The last movement (internal/external rotation of the shoulder) takes place in the _____________________ plane about the ___________________________ axis
Frontal, anterior-posterior
Which of the following muscles can perform knee flexion when concentrically contracting?
Gastrocnemius
All of the following are key bony landmarks for knee joint actions except:
Gerdy's condyle.
Slo: In the movement below, going from the position top picture to the position in the bottom picture, which of the following sequence describes the action, type of contraction, and muscle group acting at the shoulder joint? (pictures are different. Only here to give you an idea)
Horizontal abduction, Eccentric, pectoralis major
Which of the following bony landmarks is located on the posterior surface of the scapula
Infraspinous Fossa
SLO: While cutting on the field, a soccer player took an awkward step and had their ankle go into the following position (see below). This player's ankle has gone into an _________ position, which also could result in the ______________ muscle group getting strained while performing an __________________contraction.
Inverted, peroneal, eccentric
Which of the following statements is true about the shoulder joint?
It is a multiaxial ball-and-socket joint classified as enarthrodial.
Which of the following is an important application of the trapezius muscle
It is always used in preventing the glenoid fossae from being pulled down during the lifting of objects with the arms.
Which of the following is a key application of the serratus anterior muscle?
It is used strongly in doing push-ups, especially in the last 5 to 10 degrees of motion.
Which of the following statements is true about an isometric muscle contraction
It is used to stabilize a body segment.
Which of the following statements is true about the carrying angle?
It permits the forearms to clear the hips in the swinging movements during walking.
Which of the following statements is not true regarding "shin splints"?
May be partially prevented by using Rocker Shoes
Which of the following is not a true statement of isokinetic exercise?
Muscular contraction occurs only through part of the movement.
Which of the following muscles is included in the anterior compartment?
Peroneus Tertius
Which of the following exemplifies a second-class lever in the human body?
Plantar flexion of the ankle to raise the body on the toes
Which of the following is not a function performed by the skeletal system?
Production of heat
Which of the following is not true regarding the hamstring muscle group?
Provides static stability to the knee joint
Which of the following is the pointing muscle that originates between middle and distal one-third of the posterior ulna?
The extensor indicis muscle
Which of the following is a true statement about synergist muscles
They are also known as guiding muscles.
Which of the following statements is false about forces?
They are relative to the mass of an object.
If the ________ plane runs from anterior to posterior, then its axis must run from side to side.
Sagittal Plane
Which of the following applications necessarily involves the levator scapulae muscle?
Shrugging the shoulders
Which of the following terms means related to, or situated to the left or on the left side of, something?
Sinister
Which of the following is not true regarding strength and endurance being essential for maintenance of patellofemoral stability?
Strength and flexibility are not often a problem with the muscles of the knee joint.
Which of the following terms refers to a position of the foot and ankle resulting from a combination of ankle plantar flexion, subtalar inversion, and forefoot adduction?
Supination
Which of the following muscles does not perform wrist extension?
The abductor pollicis longus muscle
Which of the following muscles may not be palpated on the dorsal aspect of the hand?
The abductor pollicis longus muscle
Which of the following muscles performs abduction of the thumb?
The abductor pollicis longus muscle
Which of the following muscles performs actions in the frontal plane?
The abductor pollicis longus muscle
Which of the following muscles is involved in both pronation and supination?
The brachioradialis muscle
Which of the following muscles performs abduction of the wrist?
The extensor carpi radialis longus muscle
Which of these muscles may be palpated just proximal to the dorsal aspect of the wrist and approximately 1 cm medial to the radial styloid?
The extensor carpi radialis longus muscle
Which of the following is the only muscle that flexes the finger distal interphalangeal joint (DIP) joints?
The flexor digitorum profundus muscle
Which of the following is true of an eccentric muscle action?
The force developed by the muscle is less than that of the resistance.
Which of the following is important in extension of the thigh with external rotation?
The gluteus maximus muscle
Which of the following is considered to be an agonist muscle during hip abduction?
The gluteus medius muscle
Which of the following muscles is not strengthened to any substantial degree by sit-ups?
The internal and external abdominal obliques PreviousNext
Which of the following is the broadest muscle of the back and is sometimes referred to as the swimmer's muscle?
The latissimus dorsi muscle
When performing the up portion of the sit-up with rotation to the left, which of the following muscles are utilized the most
The left internal oblique abdominal and the right external oblique abdominal
Which of the following muscles would not be concentrically active when attempting to place the right ear on the right shoulder while lying on the left side?
The left sternocleidomastoid
Which of the following statements is correct regarding trunk movement at the lumbar spine?
The lumbar spine extends 20 to 30 degrees
Which of the following muscles is best stretched in a side-lying position by having a partner take the knee into full flexion and simultaneously take the hip into extension?
The rectus femoris muscle
Which of the following muscles are used powerfully in chinning, an activity in which an individual hangs from a horizontal bar suspended by his or her hands and pulls himself or herself up until his or her chin is over the bar?
The rhomboid muscles
Which of the following muscles is a two-joint muscle, effective as a hip flexor or as a knee flexor, and is sometimes referred to as the tailor's muscle?
The sartorius muscle
Which of the following muscles is important in providing dynamic medial stability to the knee joint because of the manner in which it crosses the joint and is also responsible for internal rotation of the knee?
The semimembranosus muscle
Which of the following muscles would best be strengthened by the bench press and overhead press exercises?
The serratus anterior muscle
Which of the following is the correct definition of kinesiology
The study of the principles of anatomy, physiology, and mechanics in relation to human movement
Which of the following muscles performs stabilization and protection of the sternoclavicular joint?
The subclavius muscle
Which of the following is the most often injured rotator cuff muscle?
The supraspinatus muscle
Which of the following muscles of the shoulder joint is located on the posterior surface of the scapula?
The supraspinatus muscle
Which of the following is not considered to be a muscle in the rotator cuff group?
The teres major muscle
Which of the following muscles performs an action in a sagittal plane of motion
The trapezius Muscle
Which of the following muscles performs both elevation and depression?
The trapezius muscle
Which of the following is not a factor that contributes to the injury rate of the glenohumeral joint?
Tight configuration of ligaments
Which of the following is a primary purpose of wheels and axles in the musculoskeletal system
To enhance range of motion
Which of the following is not a term used to classify the pennate type of muscle fiber arrangement?
Tripennate
All muscle contractions are classified as either isometric or isotonic.
True
As the knee approaches full extension, the tibia must externally rotate approximately 10 degrees to achieve proper alignment of the tibial and femoral condyles.
True
Bone size and shape are influenced by both the direction and magnitude of forces that are habitually applied to them
True
Bones reshape themselves based upon the stresses that are placed upon them.
True
Dynamics involves the study of systems in motion with acceleration.
True
Flexion or extension can occur with abduction, adduction, or rotation.
True
In the context of first-class levers, the agonist and antagonist muscle groups may contract simultaneously on either side of a joint axis.
True
In the context of wrist and hand movements, opposition refers to the movement of the thumb across the palmar aspect to oppose any or all of the phalanges.
True
The actions of the serratus anterior muscle include abduction and upward rotation.
True
The coracoclavicular ligament is particularly important in providing stability to the acromioclavicular joint.
True
The deltoid anterior fibers are responsible for the internal rotation and the deltoid posterior fibers are responsible for the external rotation of the glenohumeral joint.
True
The distal malleoli of the tibia and fibula serve as pulleys for the posterior tendons to increase the mechanical advantage of the respective muscles in performing inversion and eversion actions.
True
The fibula is not part of the ginglymus articulation of the knee joint.
True
The normal curves of the cervical and lumbar portions of the spine are lordotic.
True
The shoulder joint agonists that perform flexion are the anterior deltoid, the upper pectoralis major, and the coracobrachialis muscles
True
The supraspinatus muscle holds the head of the humerus in the glenoid fossa
True
The trapezius muscles can perform adduction in a transverse plane of motion when activated
True
The two major types of fiber arrangements are parallel and pennate
True
Two different muscles may contract simultaneously at a joint and cause a motion that neither would cause if contracting alone
True
When antagonist muscles contract concentrically, they perform the joint motion opposite to that of the agonist muscle.
True
Which of the following actions is performed by the serratus anterior muscle?
Upward rotation
SLO: In the down phase of a pull up (moving from Top to Bottom), what are the movements and type of muscle activity for the shoulder girdle and shoulder joints?
Upward rotation, abduction, eccentric
Which of the following actions is associated with the middle fibers of the trapezius muscle?
Upward rotation, adduction, and elevation
SLO: In the exercise below, the individual is performing a one-legged deadlift with a band wrapped around the lateral portion of the tibiofemoral joint in a frontal plane. The goal of this exercise is to keep the band from pulling the knee into ________________ by activating the _________________ muscle.
Valgus, Gluteus medius
Movements in the transverse plane occur around the ________ axis.
Vertical
SLO: An individual that demonstrates an anterior pelvic tilt likely has ____
a and b : Lengthening of the hip extensors Shortening of the hip flexors
Which of the following levers would be best to use to move a specific object if your only objective was speed of the object's movement?
a third-class lever with a resistance arm of 20 and a force arm of 10
The ulnar collateral ligament is critical to providing medial support to prevent the elbow from abducting when stressed in physical activity.
true
Which of the following muscles works effectively with the latissimus dorsi and is said to be the latissimus dorsi's "little helper"?
the teres major muscle
The vertebrae increase in size from the cervical to the lumbar region because the lower back supports more weight.
true
Which of the following terms is defined as the rate of change in velocity?
acceleration
An action common to the latissimus dorsi, the teres major, and the lower pectoralis major muscles is ________.
adduction
In the context of shoulder girdle movements, which of the following terms refers to the movement of the scapula medially toward the spinal column, as in pinching the shoulder blades together?
adduction
The medial compartment of the thigh contains the muscles—adductor brevis, the adductor longus, the adductor magnus, the pectineus, and the gracilis—that are primarily responsible for ________.
adduction of the hip
Agonist muscles during hip flexion include all of the following except the:
adductor magnus muscle.
The chief function of the ________ is to pull the synovial membrane of the elbow joint out of the way of the advancing olecranon process during extension of the elbow.
anconeus muscle
In basketball and soccer, injury to the ________ occurs much more commonly to females than to males.
anterior cruciate ligament
The pectineus muscle is located ________ and performs ________ of the hip.
anteriorly; flexion
Abduction takes place around the _____ axis.
anteroposterior
Motion between the articular surfaces of bones is known as ________.
arthrokinematics
All of the following are provided by muscles except
attachment points for other muscles
The most prominent tendon crossing the ankle anteromedially and the easiest to palpate is the ________.
tibialis anterior
A football player in a four-point stance has more balance than the same football player in a three-point stance.
true
A resistance arm is defined as the distance between an axis and the point of resistance application.
true
Radioulnar pronation is performed by all of the following muscles except the:
brachialis muscle.
A sideward deviation of the spine is known as scoliosis.
true
Articular cartilage is located on the surfaces of both the femur and tibia
true
SLO : During the up phase of a triceps dip (going from right to left), what type of contraction is occurring, which muscles are the agonist and which muscles are the antagonists at the humeroulnar (elbow) joint?
concentric, extensors (agonist), flexors (antagonist)
Which of the following is not a property of skeletal muscle tissue that allows for force production and movement about joints?
constrictibility
The semitendinosus muscle is located laterally and internally rotates the knee.
false
The shoulder joint agonists that are associated with diagonal adduction are the posterior deltoid, the infraspinatus, and the teres minor muscles.
false
SLO: From the previous question, the following muscles would be the most active in performing these actions (lowering phase of pull up) and type of contraction:
deltoid, pectoralis minor
The trapezius lower fibers are involved in all of the following actions except:
elevation
Which of the following actions is performed by the levator scapulae muscle
elevation
The primary movers in cervical spine extension (against resistance) are the:
erector spinae
An action common to the latissimus dorsi, teres major, and lower pectoralis major is ________.
extension
An action common to the teres minor and the infraspinatus muscles is ________.
external rotation
A movement of the forearm away from the shoulder is best described by the term "flexion."
false
Aging causes progressive gain of collagen and increases bone brittleness.
false
An ankle sprain is a common injury that involves the stretching or tearing of one or more tendons.
false
Angular displacement is the change in location of a linearly moving body.
false
Assuming that the bat speed and pitched ball velocity were the same, the ball hit with the middle of the bat would travel farther than the ball hit with the larger end of the bat.
false
Cancellous bone is stiffer and can withstand greater stress, but less strain, than cortical bone.
false
Contractility is the ability of muscle to contract and develop tension or internal force in the same direction as a resistive force when stimulated.
false
During both walking and running, there is a point where neither foot is touching the ground.
false
Except for the glenohumeral joint, the acetabular femoral joint is the least mobile joint of the body.
false
Hip flexion refers to the movement of the femur in the frontal plane laterally to the side away from the midline
false
Hitting the "funny bone" and experiencing a painful tingling sensation is actually a contusion to the humeral nerve
false
Immediately prior to and during normal toe-off, the foot should be in pronation and the leg should be in external rotation.
false
In the anatomical position, the radius is medial with respect to the ulna
false
In the context of wrist and hand movements, radial flexion refers to the movement of the thumb side of the hand toward the medial aspect or radial side of the forearm.
false
Inversion is turning the ankle and foot outward away from the midline of the body where the weight is on the medial edge of foot.
false
Lateral epicondylitis is a condition that occurs less commonly than medial epicondylitis.
false
Most of the movement that occurs in the spinal column occurs in the cervical and the thoracic regions of the spine.
false
Six pairs of ribs attach directly to the sternum via a separate costal cartilage.
false
Slight variations in the location of a force and a resistance have no effect in determining the mechanical advantage (MA) and effective force of a muscle
false
Supination refers to an internal rotary movement of the radius on the ulna.
false
The acetabular femoral joint is reinforced by an extremely weak ligamentous capsule and the stability of this joint is attributed to the surrounding musculature.
false
The acetabulum inserts onto the femoral head to form the acetabular femoral joint.
false
The anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments are located on the outermost anterior and posterior surfaces of the knee joint.
false
The diaphragm depresses and draws the central tendon forward during exhalation.
false
The elbow joint is a hinge-type joint that allows only internal and external rotations.
false
The femoral condyles articulate with the fibular condyles during flexion of the knee.
false
The flexor pollicis longus muscle may be palpated on the posterior surface of the thumb.
false
The human wrist and hand have more than 30 muscles, of which 11 are intrinsic muscles
false
The iliofemoral, or Y, ligament is located posteriorly and prevents hyperextension.
false
The lateral collateral ligament is more frequently injured than other knee joint ligaments.
false
The lateral collateral ligament originates on the lateral femoral condyle distally to the popliteus muscle origin and inserts on the fibular head.
false
The location of the pectoralis minor muscle facilitates its palpation with little difficulty
false
The medial malleolus is an anatomical landmark located on the fibula
false
The medial malleolus is an anatomical landmark located on the fibula.
false
The olecranon process is located on the medial aspect of the ulna
false
The patella is classified as an "irregular" bone because it is imbedded in the patellar tendon.
false
The quadriceps muscles perform eccentric contractions during accelerating actions.
false
The scapula moves on the rib cage as a consequence of joint motion actually occurring at the acromioclavicular joint and to a lesser extent at the sternoclavicular joint
false
The scapulothoracic joint is a true synovial joint, and its movement is independent of the sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints.
false
The gluteus maximus muscle is stretched in the supine position with full hip flexion to the ipsilateral axilla and then to the contralateral axilla with the knee in ________.
flexion
SLO: In the movement below, going from the position on the left to the position on the right, which of the following sequences best describes the action, type of contraction, and the muscle group involved at the knee joint?
flexion, eccentric, quadriceps group
Which of the following muscles performs adduction of the wrist?
flexor carpi ulnaris muscle
Which of the following muscles can perform flexion of the great toe when concentrically contracting
flexor hallucis longus
The frontal plane divides the body into
front and back halves
Triceps surae refers to the _____.
gastrocnemius and soleus
An action common to the latissimus dorsi, the teres major, the subscapularis, and the pectoralis major muscles is ________.
internal rotation
Which of the following statements is true about velocity
it is the rate at which an object changes its position
SLO: If a person is holding a heavy dumbbell in their right hand while doing a single-arm "suit-case carry" exercise, they will need to activate the anti-lateral flexors on their _______ side to resist lateral flexion to the ________ side.
left, right
Which of the following is the most common form of simple machine found in the human body?
levers
The ________ vertebrae serve as a link between the pelvic girdle and the thoracic spine rib cage.
lumbar
Momentum, or the quality of motion, is equal to ________.
mass times velocity
________ is a useful way to determine muscle action and is done through using the sense of touch to feel or examine a muscle as it contracts.
palpation
The ________ muscle does not perform flexion of the elbow
pronator quadratus
The three specific types of accessory motions are
roll, spin, glide
Flexion of the elbow occurs in the ________ plane of motion, and supination of the forearm occurs in the ________ plane of motion.
sagittal; transverse
Agonist muscles during hip extension include all of the following except the:
sartorius muscle
Which of the following muscles only performs plantar flexion?
soleus
From the medial to the lateral, the erector spinae muscles are the ________.
spinalis, longissimus, and iliocostalis
Which of the following bony landmarks is located on the anterior surface of the scapula
subscapular fossa
Stabilization of the humeral head in the glenoid fossa is a primary action of the ________.
subscapularis muscle
The vastus lateralis provides a(n) ________ pull on the patella when contracting concentrically.
superolateral
The vastus medialis provides a(n) ________ pull on the patella when contracting concentrically.
superomedial
In the context of radioulnar joint movements, which of the following terms refers to the external rotary movement of the radius on the ulna that results in the hand moving from the palm-down to the palm-up position?
supination
Muscles that flex the knee include all of the following except:
tensor fascia latae.
Which of the following muscles performs extension of the index finger at the metacarpophalangeal joint
the extensor indicis muscle
The shoulder girdle movements primarily involve all of the following muscles except:
the pectoralis major muscle.
As the elbow reaches full extension, the olecranon process of the ulna is received by the olecranon fossa of the humerus, and this provides increased joint stability.
true
Biomechanics is the study of mechanics related to the functional and anatomical analysis of biological systems.
true
Bones continue to grow longitudinally as long as the epiphyseal plates are open.
true
Both the size and shape of bones can limit or allow movements.
true
Carpal tunnel syndrome is a condition in which there is an increased pressure in the carpal tunnel, which interferes with the normal function of the median nerve
true
Diarthrodial joints are also known as synovial joints.
true
Distally, the patella serves as a major bony landmark to which all four quadriceps muscles attach and ultimately insert on the tibial tuberosity via the patella tendon
true
Each finger has three interphalangeal joints, whereas the thumb has only two.
true
Elbow motions primarily involve movement between the articular surfaces of the humerus and the ulna.
true
Flexion of the forearm with a barbell in the hands, known as "curling," is an excellent exercise to develop the biceps brachii muscle.
true
For the pelvis to rotate in any direction, movement must occur in either the right hip, the left hip, the lumbar spine, or a combination of these locations.
true
Functions of the acetabular femoral joint include weight bearing and locomotion.
true
Generally, the hip joint can be abducted in the range of 0 to 35 degrees.
true
Glenohumeral joint stability is enhanced slightly by the glenoid labrum.
true
In the anatomical position, the tuberosity of the radius is in close proximity to the lateral side of the ulna.
true
In the context of shoulder joint movements, abduction refers to an upward lateral movement of the humerus in the frontal plane out to the side, away from the body
true
In the context of wrist and hand movements, ulnar flexion refers to the movement of the little finger side of the hand toward the medial aspect or ulnar side of the forearm.
true
Joint movement may occur without any muscle contraction.
true
Linear displacement is the distance a system moves in a straight line
true
Medial epicondylitis is frequently referred to as "golfer's elbow."
true
Most outer bone is composed of cortical bone with cancellous bone underneath.
true
Muscles are the main source of force that produces or changes movement of a body segment or an entire body.
true
Positioning the forearm in pronation decreases the effectiveness of the biceps brachii muscle.
true
Pronation is a combination of ankle dorsiflexion, subtalar eversion, and forefoot abduction.
true
Short force arms and long resistance arms require great muscular strength to produce movement.
true
Spinal flexion is defined as anterior movement of the spine where the head moves toward the chest and the thorax moves toward the pelvis.
true
The ankle and foot joints are composed of 26 bones in each foot
true
The erector spinae iliocostalis muscles are considered to be agonist muscles during extension of the spine.
true
The extensor carpi ulnaris muscle and the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle are the only muscles involved in ulnar deviation.
true
The extensors of the wrist include, from lateral to medial, the extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, and extensor carpi ulnaris.
true
The fingers can only flex and extend, except at the metacarpophalangeal joints, where abduction and adduction are controlled by the intrinsic hand muscles.
true
The glenohumeral joint is paired with the shoulder girdle to accomplish the total shoulder range of motion.
true
The hip joint is a ball-and-socket joint that consists of the head of the femur connecting with the acetabulum of the pelvic girdle.
true
The location of the erector spinae muscles enables them to extend the spine and assist in rotation and lateral flexion.
true
The most common type of ankle sprain results from excessive inversion that causes damage to the anterior talofibular ligament.
true
The only muscle involved in extending all of the metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints of the four lesser toes is the extensor digitorum longus.
true
The patella serves as a pulley by improving the angle of pull with the result being a greater mechanical advantage for the quadriceps during knee extension.
true
The pelvic girdle consists of a right and left pelvic bone joined together posteriorly by the sacrum
true
The pubofemoral ligament is located anteromedially and inferiorly and limits excessive extension and abduction
true
The semimembranosus muscle is located posteromedially and internally rotates the knee.
true
The serratus anterior muscle performs abduction in a transverse plane of motion.
true
To stretch the flexor carpi ulnaris, the elbow must be fully extended with the forearm supinated while a partner passively extends and abducts the wrist.
true
Wrist joint actions include flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.
true
Which of the following is the sole action of the brachialis muscle?
true flexion of the elbow
Which of the following is an action of the pronator teres muscle?
weak flexion of the elbow
The actions of the brachioradialis muscle include all of the following except:
weak flexion of the shoulder joint.