KNH 432 Exam #4
Based on the DRIs, the recommended protein intake for boys and girls between the ages of 4 and 13 is _____ body weight/day. a. 0.55 g/kg b. 0.7 g/kg c. 0.8 g/kg d. 0.95 g/kg e. 1 g/kg
d
Based on the calories in this drink, calculate the percentage of total calories from carbohydrates it provides. a. 14 b. 40 c. 50 d. 100
d
According to research studies, vegetarian adolescents consume more fruits and vegetables daily than omnivorous adolescents.
t
Adolescents who take vitamin-mineral supplements tend to consume a more nutritionally adequate diet than those who don't.
t
Adolescents who use herbal supplements are more likely to engage in health-compromising behaviors such as smoking.
t
Fats and proteins may have a protective effect on tooth enamel.
t
It is appropriate to expect children with special health care needs to become more independent in making food choices.
t
Menarche may be delayed in highly competitive athletes or in girls who severely restrict their calories to limit body fat.
t
Nutrition education is mandated in most middle and high schools.
t
Nutrition, eating, and feeding problems can be addressed in an Individualized Education Plan and nutrition supplements may be purchased by the school if it is part of the education intervention.
t
Older children are not as responsive to internal controls regarding energy density as younger children.
t
Potential consequences of a weight-loss program in childhood are slowed linear growth and the beginnings of an eating disorder.
t
Scoliosis is a secondary condition that can interfere with accurate measurement of height
t
The CDC 2000 Growth Charts are a good place to start to assess growth of children with special health care needs.
t
Type 1 diabetes requires that families and children master a carbohydrate counting system.
t
Weight dissatisfaction is common among adolescent females during and immediately following puberty.
t
Boys cannot get anorexia nervosa.
f
Over 60% of ideal adult body weight is gained during adolescence.
f
Teenagers are future oriented and tend to be concerned to what will happen to them when they get older.
f
The DRI for energy is based upon the assumption of a moderate to high activity level.
f
Treatment for overweight and obese children should focus on attaining an ideal body weight.
f
Type 2 diabetes is more common in very young children than type 1 diabetes.
f
Children ages 6 to 12 can safely deprive themselves of water in order to participate in wrestling.
f
Children with cystic fibrosis cannot live active, fulfilling lives.
f
Children with type 2 diabetes are more likely to have both high and low blood sugars.
f
Early onset of a disease is less likely to impact growth than later onset in conditions such as seizures.
f
Environmental factors do not change the risk of developing overweight if an adolescent is already genetically predisposed to obesity.
f
High-protein diets are recommended as pre-performance regimens among adolescent athletes.
f
What iron-rich food source would be the best choice for an adolescent who is a lacto-vegetarian? a. Pinto beans and diced tomatoes b. Scrambled eggs with cheese c. Tuna sandwich d. Flour tortilla with cheese e. Fish sandwich with lettuce
a
The difference between assessing nutrient needs in adolescents and adults is _____. a. during puberty adolescents have significantly more body composition changes than adults b. adolescents exercise more than adults c. adolescents drink less alcohol than adults d. adolescents have more psychological problems than adults
a
The protein requirement is greatest for females when the height growth spurt occurs. What age range would this be? a. 11-14 years b. 15-18 years c. 19-24 years d. > 24 years
a
The term "_____" is also used to describe both middle childhood and preadolescence. a. school-age b. adolescence c. egocentric d. late childhood e. teenage
a
The two subtypes of anorexia nervosa are restricting and non-restricting; these subtypes are similar in that both: a. present with a refusal to maintain a minimally normal body weight. b. exhibit regular episodes of purging. c. affect only teenage girls. d. are caused by a realistic body image. e. follow periods of excessive dieting.
a
What beverage would be a good accompaniment to this meal and provide a nutrient that is usually scarce in adolescent diets? a. Nonfat milk b. Diet soda c. Water d. Regular soda e. Iced tea with sweetener
a
A coach bought fruit juice boxes (see food label above) for the wrestling team to provide energy to wrestlers after they weighed in. What is the best recommendation for teens when they consume this 30 minutes before the meet? a. Dilute half of this juice with 6.75 oz cold water b. Drink three juice boxes to get adequate fluid volume before the match. c. Only drink 20 oz of water before the match. d. Find a vending machine and purchase a sports drink containing caffeine
a
A cup of breakfast cereal provides 40% of the DRI for folate for adolescent (14- to 18-year-old) females. How much folate is this? a. 160 micrograms b. 240 micrograms c. 300 micrograms d. 340 micrograms
a
A dose-response relationship has been detected between the prevalence of obesity and time spent viewing television. For each additional hour of television viewed in the 12- to 17-year-old group, the prevalence of obesity increased by: a. 2%. b. 5%. c. 9%. d. 15%. e. 21%.
a
A reasonable number of goals to work toward with adolescents during a counseling session would be: a. one or two. b. two or three. c. three or four. d. no more than five. e. It is not appropriate to set ANY goals with an adolescent.
a
Adolescents have a relatively low intake of _____ and _____, which leads to less than the recommended intake of fiber. a. fruits/vegetables b. dairy products/complex carbohydrates c. complex carbohydrates/legumes d. protein/vegetables e. vegetables/dairy products
a
All of the following foods are found in a diet for children with phenylketonuria EXCEPT _____. a. milk b. fruit cocktail in heavy syrup c. french fries d. high-sugar candy such as Skittles or candy canes
a
An endurance runner asks you for advice on how to MAXIMIZE his glucose supply before a big race. What is your advice? a. Eat a high-carbohydrate diet in the days prior to your race b. Load up on steak and potatoes the night before c. Drink plenty of fluids containing carbohydrates before the race d. Eat a balanced diet with at least 40% carbohydrates daily e. b and c only
a
An underweight 17-year-old male was 15 minutes late to his nutrition counseling appointment and he has to leave for a school-related practice in 20 minutes. What dietary assessment method would be the most appropriate for the dietitian to begin assessing his food-intake pattern as well as a method that she could reliably complete on the telephone at a later time? a. 24-hour recall b. Food frequency c. Food record d. Diet history
a
Calcium supplements may decrease the absorption of iron; therefore, they should be avoided within _____ of taking the iron supplement. a. one hour b. five hours c. eight hours d. ten hours
a
Characteristics of successful eating-disorder prevention programs include: a. selective targeting of high-risk groups. b. focusing on adolescents <15 years of age only. c. programs consisting of a single session on eating disorders. d. programs with information provided by parents. e. individual therapy sessions.
a
Equations for estimating energy requirements are based on: a. gender, age, height, weight, and physical activity. b. gender, body mass index, and physical activity. c. age, height, weight, body mass index, and activity level. d. age, weight, body mass index, activity level, and food intake. e. standards developed based on age and gender only.
a
Food choices made by adolescents while snacking tend to favor foods high in _____ and relatively low in _____. a. sugar, sodium, and fat/vitamins and minerals b. fiber/vitamins and minerals c. vitamins and minerals/sugar, sodium, and fat d. overall calories/fat, sugar, and sodium e. None of the above is correct
a
For the adolescent boy described in question #2, what environmental factor is most important to monitor because it is associated with adolescents becoming overweight? a. Frequency of eating foods high in added sugars b. Number of hours spent in school c. How much time is spent with friends d. Amount of income spent on housing
a
Galactosemia may impact a child's intake of: a. calcium. b. vitamin C. c. vitamin E. d. vitamin B12. e. iron.
a
Generalities derived from research relating to children's physical activity patterns include all of the following statements EXCEPT: a. Boys are less active than girls. b. Physical activity decreases with age. c. Seasons affect activity levels. d. Physical education in schools has decreased. e. Climate may affect activity levels.
a
How many grams of protein per day are recommended for Jane? a. 24 g b. 15 g c. 30 g d. 20 g e. 50 g
a
Is she eating more, less, or the recommended amount of protein compared to the DRI for a girl her age? a. More b. Less c. Exactly as much as the DRI recommends
a
Middle childhood refers to children from the ages of a. 5 to 10 years for boys and girls. b. 10 to 12 years for boys and 9 to 11 for girls. c. 9 to 11 years for boys and girls. d. 13 to 16 years for boys and girls. e. 16 to 21 years for boys and girls.
a
Phenylketonuria is an inherited condition _____. a. caused by a deficiency of an enzyme that metabolizes phenylalanine b. caused by a defective pancreas c. diagnosed by measuring ketones in urine d. requiring enzyme capsules to aid digestion e. of muscle coordination problems affecting the gastrointestinal tract
a
Spinal muscular atrophy is a condition in which _____. a. muscle control declines as a result of nerve loss, causing death in childhood b. hypertrophy of cerebral spinal cells occurs c. hyperplasia of brain cells occurs d. vertebral bones in the back show a side-to-side curve
a
The BMI for a boy who is 9 years old, weighs 90 lb (40.9 kg), and is 53 in (134 cm) tall is: a. 22.7. b. 24.3. c. 26.8. d. 28.2.
a
The black circles plotted on the CDC growth chart above report weight changes for Rebecca, a 9 1/2-year-old female with cerebral palsy. She had multiple bronchitis/pneumonia episodes during the past 1 1/2 years. What information can be interpreted from the growth chart? a. She was unable to increase energy intake to compensate for the increases in expenditure caused by her illnesses. b. She grew taller instead of gaining weight. c. Her appetite was decreased throughout her illnesses. d. Her cerebral palsy is getting worse.
a
What is the importance of taking pancreatic enzymes when a child has cystic fibrosis? a. These enzymes help digest foods and when they are missing, food is malabsorbed. b. Pancreatic enzymes also supply the fat-soluble vitamins, which are necessary for normal growth. c. It is not necessary to take pancreatic enzymes with cystic fibrosis; you need to take nutritional supplements, however. d. Without these enzymes, inflammation occurs. e. These enzymes help with calcium absorption.
a
What is the recommended adequate intake of total fiber for children between the ages of 4 and 8? a. 25 g/day b. 29 g/day c. 31 g/day d. 35 g/day
a
What would the estimated daily protein need be for a 65-kg adolescent male who is 15 years old? a. 55 g b. 65 g c. 75 g d. 90 g e. 130 g
a
Which of the following WOULD be allowed on a diet for PKU? a. Low-protein corn bread b. Low-carbohydrate corn bread c. Low-fat cornbread d. Egg white omelets e. Soybeans or soy products
a
Which of the following foods would be MOST likely to promote dental caries? a. Raisins b. Apple slices c. Cheddar cheese d. Peanut butter e. Plain yogurt
a
Which of the following is NOT a secondary effect of cerebral palsy? a. Dehydration b. Constipation c. Contractures d. Gastroesophageal reflux
a
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of females who mature early? a. Fewer eating problems and a better body image b. More likely to smoke c. More likely to drink alcohol d. Engaging in sexual behavior at an early age e. All of the above are typical of females who mature early.
a
Which of the following statements about the 504 Accommodation and IDEA is FALSE? a. A child with a peanut allergy CANNOT be served any birthday treats at school. b. The child's dietary requirements have to be met for classroom birthday parties. c. Adding a snack into a diet plan for a child with diabetes attending school can be written into a 504 plan. d. Nutritional supplements may be purchased as part of an educational intervention called for in the child's IEP.
a
Which of the following supplements is reportedly used as a "performance enhancer" by adolescent athletes? a. Androstenedione b. Calcium c. Guarana d. Iron e. Bee pollen
a
Which of the following would NOT be a health topic covered by the School Health Index (SHI) for Physical Activity, Healthy Eating and a Tobacco-free Lifestyle? a. Family planning b. Safety c. Asthma d. Physical activity e. Tobacco use
a
Which of the following would NOT be an improvement that has been made in school food service in the last decade? a. An increase in the number of schools offering deep-fried potatoes b. An increase in the number of schools offering foods prepared with low-fat dairy products c. An increase in the number of schools offering skinless poultry d. An increase of the number of schools offering low-fat salad dressings e. All of the above would be improvements
a
Which of these messages is best for motivating adolescents to eat a healthy diet? a. "Eating well will give you energy for sports or social activities." b. "Eat what you don't like because it's good for you." c. "Eating well may prevent heart disease in the long term." d. "Eat well now so you won't be frail or disabled when you are old."
a
Would this food fit within the current recommendations for fat consumption? a. No, it is high at 37% fat b. No, it is high at 47% fat c. No, it is low at 17% fat d. Yes, it is only 30% fat e. Need more information
a
Youth with body mass index (BMI) values > 50th percentile, but < 75th percentile are considered: a. normal weight. b. at risk for overweight. c. overweight. d. obese. e. morbidly obese.
a
"BMI rebound" can be defined as: a. the period in which your weight "rebounds" and settles in at your normal weight. b. the normal increase in percent body fat which occurs after percent body fat declines and reaches its lowest point. c. the point at which you have the greatest amount of fat you will ever have, typically between the ages of 8 and 10. d. the weight you attain by the age of 13 after you have had a growth spurt. e. the loss of all a child's baby fat, which occurs at about 6 years of age.
b
.A 14-year-old female weighed 150 lb at the end of SMR Stage 3 and had an estimated 25% body fat stores. Which of the following statements best describes her reproductive capabilities? a. She has adequate body fat stores, but is unable to start menses due to her SMR rating. b. She has adequate body fat stores and has started and can support menses. c. She has limited body fat stores and is unable to support menses due to body composition stores. d. She has breast buds and pubic hair, based on her SMR rating. e. She is showing rapid weight gain.
b
A measure of diet quality is provided by the Healthy Eating Index (HEI). According to the most recent data, the average HEI score for children ages 7 to 10 was 66.0 out of 100, indicating: a. they ate enough fruit, but not enough vegetables. b. their diets needed improvement. c. about 66% of their calories were coming from fat. d. 66% of these children ate fast food everyday. e. they were at risk for developing diabetes.
b
A psychostimulant is a medication given to children with _____. a. seizures b. attention deficit hyperactivity disorder c. phenylketonuria d. type 1 diabetes
b
According to the DRIs, the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for fat is _____ of energy for children 4 to 18 years of age. a. <30% b. 25-35% c. 30-40% d. 40-50% e. There are no recommendations for fat for this particular age group.
b
Approximately _____ of adolescents in the United States have an elevated cholesterol level. a. 10% b. 25% c. 40% d. 55% e. 75%
b
Approximately _____ of children ages 6 through 11 years of age are obese. a. 7% b. 18% c. 27% d. 36% e. 45%
b
Athetosis is defined as _____. a. unexpected growth on the CDC growth chart b. uncontrolled movements of the large muscle groups due to central nervous system damage c. inability to breakdown glucose in the body d. a time of altered consciousness after a seizure
b
Athletes should consume 6-8 oz fluid prior to exercise, _____ oz fluid every 15-20 minutes during physical activity, and at least _____ oz fluid following exercise. a. 0; >32 b. 4-6; 8 c. 4-6; 12 d. 8-10; 8
b
Based on food consumption data from the NHANES III survey, what is the mean dietary fiber intake of males between the ages of 6 and 11 years of age? a. 10.3 g/day b. 13.6 g/day c. 18.2 g/day d. 25.0 g/day e. 35.1 g/day
b
Binge-eating disorder is a condition which is indicated by the presence of three of five criteria. Which of the following would NOT be one of these criteria? a. Eating rapidly b. Eating only until full c. Eating when not physically hungry d. Eating when alone e. Feelings of self-disgust
b
Due to the great variability in the timing of growth and maturation among adolescents, the calculation of energy needs based on _____ will provide a better estimate than one based on chronological age. a. physiological age b. velocity of growth c. body fat d. sex e. a and d only
b
During peak weight gain, adolescent males gain an average of _____ lb/year. a. 10 b. 20 c. 30 d. 40
b
Each pound of body weight lost during an activity requires ingestion of _____ ounces of fluid following the activity to maintain proper hydration. a. 8 b. 16 c. 20 d. 32 e. 48
b
Early adolescence is defined as ages: a. 9 to 11. b. 11 to 14. c. 13 to 16. d. 15 to 17. e. 18 to 21.
b
Factors that determine energy needs in children with special health care needs are _____. a. body composition, physical activity, and oxygen consumption b. energy needs at rest, frequency of illnesses, and physical activity c. energy needs at rest, water consumption, and physical activity d. sleep needs, oxygen consumption, and energy needed for growth
b
Female adolescents report that they consume no dairy products _____ as compared to male adolescents. a. three times as often b. twice as often c. equally frequently d. only half as often e. None of the above
b
Health consequences of obesity occur with increased frequency in obese children, and include all of the following EXCEPT: a. higher concentrations of liver enzymes. b. osteoporosis. c. hypertension. d. hyperlipidemia. e. abnormal glucose tolerance.
b
If a dietitian observed a low serum ferritin value in a school-aged child, which food would be LEAST important for promoting better iron absorption? a. Meats b. Milk c. Fortified breakfast cereals d. Orange juice
b
Is the answer for question #44 within the IOM guidelines for protein intake as a percentage of total energy intake if this adolescent needs 2500 calories per day? a. Yes b. No c. There is no recommendation for protein intake based on a percentage of total calories.
b
Is this within the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for fat for a child her age? a. Yes b. No c. Cannot be determined from the information provided
b
John has an intense soccer practice coming up and has asked you what he can drink in order to stay hydrated and energized during practice. What would you suggest? a. Very cold orange juice b. Orange juice diluted 1:2 with water c. Red Bull energy drinks d. Diet or regular cola e. Plain water
b
Mary is in fourth grade and has chosen the following foods for her lunch today: 8 oz. non-fat milk; 1 apple; 1 2-oz. hamburger patty and bun; 1 piece lettuce; 1 cup fruit yogurt. Does this meet the minimum requirements for school lunch? a. Yes b. No
b
Nutrition topics that would be covered in Stage 1 obesity treatment include: a. shaming children into choosing healthy foods by ridiculing them. b. optimal fruit and vegetable consumption. c. the dangers of fast-food restaurants. d. "good" foods versus "bad" foods. e. very-low-calorie diet plans.
b
Potential effects of substance use on nutritional status include all of the following EXCEPT: a. reduced nutrient intake. b. increased nutrient bioavailability. c. appetite suppression. d. iron-deficiency anemia. e. increased nutrient destruction.
b
Protein requirements for males are highest at _____ years. a. 11-14 b. 15-18 c. 19-24 d. 24-30
b
Risk factors associated with developing iron-deficiency anemia include all of the following EXCEPT: a. rapid growth. b. high intake of vitamin C-rich foods. c. calorie-restricted diets. d. meal skipping. e. participation in endurance sports.
b
Severe folate deficiency in adolescence can result in: a. Down syndrome. b. megaloblastic anemia. c. spina bifida. d. anencephaly. e. rickets.
b
Studies show that children of parents who impose authoritarian methods of control on their eating are: a. likely to have healthy eating habits. b. less likely to be responsive to energy density. c. prone to developing fewer eating-related issues. d. more able to be self sufficient in the kitchen. e. developing anorexia nervosa in their teen years.
b
Susan is a 15-year-old who likes fruits, some vegetables, and breads (whole-grain and enriched) but refuses to consume milk, seafood, and eggs. A recent doctor visit revealed normal hemoglobin and plasma ferritin levels. What would you advise? a. A folate supplement (400 micrograms/day) b. A vitamin D supplement (400 IU/day) c. An iron supplement (10 mg/day) d. No changes in nutrient intake
b
The range of medical and psychosocial complications that accompany overweight among adolescents include all of the following EXCEPT: a. hypertension. b. type 1 diabetes. c. dyslipidemia. d. sleep apnea. e. insulin resistance.
b
The two categories of bulimia nervosa are: a. restricting and non-restricting. b. purging and non-purging. c. exercising and non-exercising. d. menstruating and non-menstruating. e. normal weight and overweight.
b
Traditional carbohydrate loading is the process of: a. eating as much carbohydrate as possible on a daily basis to "load" your muscle stores. b. eating low-carbohydrate foods for the first 3 days of the week, while continuing to exercise, and then consuming a high-carbohydrate diet the 3 days prior to competition while exercising minimally. c. eating a ratio of 40% carbohydrate, 30% fat, and 30% protein in order to shift to a "fat burning" metabolism. d. All of the above e. a and c only
b
Using the Sexual Maturation Rating (SMR), the PEAK velocity of linear growth for males occurs at _____ years of age, on average. a. 12 b. 14.4 c. 16.5 d. 18.3
b
Vitamins and minerals with added carbohydrates are NOT allowed on what type of diet? a. Diabetic diet b. Ketogenic diet c. PKU diet d. Cystic fibrosis diet e. All of the above
b
What is the appropriate response for parents of a child with cystic fibrosis who has recurrent illnesses? a. Coerce the child into eating nutrient-dense foods b. Offer foods the child wishes to eat c. Change texture of foods even if the child can tolerate regular textures d. Offer all foods in liquid form to increase energy intake
b
What nutrient would be of most concern considering her dislike of milk? a. Protein b. Calcium c. Vitamin D d. Iron e. Fiber
b
Which nutrient is extremely limited in ketogenic diets? a. Fat b. Carbohydrate c. Protein d. Iron
b
Which of the following adolescent students is at nutrition risk? a. A girl following a vegetarian diet, drinking three glasses of soymilk per day b. An adolescent who works at Burger King restaurant (located in his school) 4 times per week over the lunch hour c. A Southeast Asian girl who eats rice at the evening meal every night at home d. An African American who drinks a sports shake for breakfast to help build muscles and allow him to sleep in
b
Which of the following foods would be the best choice for a parent trying to increase fiber in her/his child's diet? a. Protein or energy bar b. Fresh fruits, vegetables, and whole-grain breads c. Fresh juice and enriched bread d. Canned fruits e. All of the above would be great sources of fiber.
b
Which of the following would NOT be considered a Healthy People 2020 objective for the Nation? a. Reduce the proportion of children who are considered obese. b. Reduce the proportion of persons aged 2 years and older who consume at least two daily servings of fruit. c. Increase the proportion of school districts that require regularly scheduled elementary school recess. d. Prevent inappropriate weight gain in children aged 6-11 years. e. Increase the proportion of schools that do not sell or offer calorically sweetened beverages to students.
b
Would this beverage be a good choice to drink during a strenuous activity? a. Yes: it is 100% fruit juice, so it is a good choice b. No: it is too high in carbohydrate and may cause cramping c. Not enough information is provided on the label
b
_____ has been shown to be effective in reducing the incidence of seizures in children. a. A gluten-free diet b. A low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet c. A low-protein, high-carbohydrate diet d. A dairy-free diet e. A very-low-fat diet
b
_____ is a common source of vitamin D in the diets of adolescents, so an allergy to or intolerance of this food should prompt assessment for adequacy of vitamin D. a. Cereal b. Milk c. Fatty fish d. Margarine e. Juice
b
Energy and protein needs for children with cystic fibrosis are _____ those of healthy children. a. less than b. the same as c. two to four times greater than d. greater than four times
c
In 2009, approximately _____ U.S. children did not have health insurance. a. 1.8 million b. 10 million c. 7.5 million d. 25 million
c
A Hispanic 15-year-old male moved to the United States with his mother. They were planning to join up with their cousins who were migrant workers living in California. Using only the information provided, how many risk factors for becoming overweight are present in the 15 year old? a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 d. 3
c
A child with a body mass index (BMI) equal to or greater than the 85th percentile, but less than the 95th percentile, is: a. at a normal weight. b. at risk of becoming overweight. c. overweight. d. obese.
c
A main contributing factor to dieting behaviors and disordered eating is: a. peer pressure. b. parent pressure for children to be "perfect." c. body dissatisfaction. d. high self-esteem. e. genetics.
c
Adolescence is defined as the period of life between _____ years of age. a. 9 and 12 b. 10 and 14 c. 11 and 21 d. 15 and 19 e. 18 and 21
c
An adolescent is considering Tapango's menu and would like to choose the food with the lowest percentage of fat calories. This would be the: a. breakfast burrito w/ bacon. b. breakfast quesadilla w/ bacon. c. primo taco salad. d. beef taco. e. primo nachos.
c
An estimated _____ percent of children and adolescents with a chronic condition or disability also have nutrition risk factors that warrant a referral to a dietitian. a. 20 b. 30 c. 40 d. 50
c
Approximately 7% of adolescent boys consume _____ serving(s) of vegetables per day. a. less than one b. more than one c. no
c
Children with special health care needs have a wide range of nutritional needs and more variability than other children based on all the following factors EXCEPT: a. additional protein is needed with high protein losses. b. high fluid volume is needed with frequent losses from diarrhea or vomiting. c. routine illness is less likely to result in hospitalization or resurgence of symptoms. d. extra fiber may be needed for chronic constipation. e. low caloric intake may be appropriate with small muscle size.
c
Chronic conditions without specialty growth charts include all of the following EXCEPT: a. cystic fibrosis. b. spina bifida. c. Down syndrome. d. diabetes. e. Rett syndrome.
c
In order to improve the eating habits of youth, nutrition interventions should be aimed at three levels of influence. Which of the following would NOT be one of these levels? a. Environmental factors b. Macrosystem factors c. Transportation factors d. Personal factors
c
In order to participate in the National School Lunch Program (NSLP), schools must meet five major requirements. Which of the following would NOT be one of those requirements? a. Lunches must be based on nutritional standards b. The programs must be accountable c. The programs must demonstrate a profit d. Children who are unable to pay must receive lunches for free or at a reduced price e. Schools must participate in the commodity program
c
It is estimated that _____ of school-age children have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). a. 1 to 3% b. 3 to 5% c. 5 to 8% d. 8 to 10% e. 11 to 15%
c
It is recommended that children engage in at least _____ minutes of physical activity every day. a. 30 b. 45 c. 60 d. 90 e. >90
c
Nutrition interventions appropriate for all children with cystic fibrosis include all of the following EXCEPT: a. monitoring growth. b. assessing dietary intake. c. gastrostomy feedings at night. d. increasing protein and calories. e. including pancreatic enzymes with meals and snacks.
c
Nutritional consequences of spastic quadriplegia include: a. rapid weight gain. b. predictable 2-fold increases in energy needs. c. changes in body composition. d. extreme vitamin and mineral deficiencies.
c
Parents are encouraged to do all of the following in order to increase physical activity in their children, EXCEPT: a. set a good example by being physically active themselves. b. encourage children to be physically active at home. c. plan every vacation around an activity when traveling. d. limit television watching and video games. e. join children in physical activities.
c
Preadolescence is generally defined as ages a. 5 to 10 for girls/7 to 9 for boys. b. 7 to 9 for girls/9 to 11 for boys. c. 9 to 11 for girls/10 to 12 for boys. d. 10 to 12 for girls/11 to 13 for boys. e. 11 to 13 for girls/12 to 14 for boys
c
Risk factors for hypertension among adolescents include all of the following EXCEPT: a. a high dietary intake of sodium. b. an inactive lifestyle. c. being underweight. d. smoking. e. hyperlipidemia.
c
Snacks account for up to _____ of daily food intake among adolescents. a. 15% b. 25% c. 39% d. 43% e. 55%
c
The DRIs set the recommended intake of dietary fiber for adolescent females at _____ per day. a. 0.5 grams per kg of body weight b. 1 gram per kg of body weight c. 26 grams d. 38 grams e. 50 grams
c
The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans recommend that all adolescents be physically active how often? a. At least 2 times per week b. 3 times per week c. Daily d. None of the above
c
The Tanner Stages in females are based on _____. a. weight gain and height growth b. date of birth and menses onset c. breast development and pubic hair appearance d. breast development and menses onset
c
The best reason for advising young adolescents to consume foods that provide adequate calcium is _____. a. young adolescents expend more energy from increased physical activity and need more calcium b. young adolescents do not have much money and dairy foods are the least expensive to buy c. young adolescents retain four times as much calcium than adults and build bone mass d. young adolescents fight with their parents a lot and this would eliminate one food battle
c
The daily protein requirement for a 12-year-old girl weighing 105 pounds (48 kg) based on the DRIs would be:
c
The dietary assessment tool that would be most useful for someone that is highly motivated to track changes would be the: a. 24-hour recall. b. food frequency questionnaire. c. food diary or record. d. verbal diet history. e. b and d
c
The incidence of cystic fibrosis is highest among: a. Hispanics. b. African Americans. c. Caucasians. d. Native Americans. e. Pacific Islanders.
c
The male described in question #2 has a BMI of 25, which is at the 90th percentile for age and gender. Based on age, height, and weight, this value is defined as _____. a. appropriate weight for age and height b. at risk for overweight for age and height c. overweight based on age and height d. obese based on age and height
c
The most sensitive indicator for iron store depletion is _____. a. hemoglobin b. hematocrit c. plasma ferritin d. heme iron
c
The most significant predictor of childhood obesity has been found to be: a. low family income. b. food insecurity. c. parental obesity. d. lower cognitive stimulation. e. use of formula instead of breastfeeding.
c
The vegetable that makes a significant contribution to the diets of adolescents is: a. carrots. b. lettuce. c. white potatoes. d. tomatoes. e. peas.
c
Vitamin D _____. a. is essential for oxygen delivery to tissues b. deficiency causes parathyroid hormone levels to drop c. blood levels among adolescents have declined in recent years. e. in excess blocks absorption of calcium from the GI tract.
c
What dietary components are MOST effective at raising muscle glycogen concentrations? a. Fats b. Proteins c. Carbohydrates d. Chromium & iron-containing supplements
c
What is the recommended amount of dietary cholesterol for youth? a. 100 mg/day b. 250 mg/day c. 300 mg/day d. 500 mg/day e. There is no recommendation for this age group.
c
What percentage of children with developmental delays have feeding problems? a. 30% b. 50% c. 70% d. 85%
c
What would be the next recommended course of action for this young boy? a. Nothing—he is too young to worry about; just check his BMI yearly b. He should have an in-depth medical assessment to check for secondary complications c. Weight maintenance or gradual weight loss of no more than 1 pound per week d. Weight loss of at least 2 pounds per week
c
Which of the following adolescents would be a candidate for bariatric surgery? a. A 15-year-old boy with a BMI in the 85th %tile and no medical complications b. A 17-year-old girl with a BMI in the 80th %tile and medical complications c. A 17-year-old girl with a BMI >40 with medical complications d. A 16-year-old girl with type 1 diabetes and a BMI in the 90th %tile e. b and c
c
Which of the following foods would be the best breakfast choice for a child on a ketogenic diet? a. A bowl of frosted Mini-Wheats, milk, and orange juice b. Homemade oatmeal with milk, raisins, and brown sugar c. Scrambled eggs with bacon and cheese d. Toast and jelly with a glass of grape juice e. A doughnut with a glass of chocolate milk
c
_____ in childhood has been identified by research as a predictor of adult overweight. a. Late BMI rebound b. Late introduction of solid foods c. Early BMI rebound d. Early cognitive stimulation e. All of the above
c
An appropriate setting in which to implement an eating disorder prevention program is _____. a. a school b. a health care clinic c. a community education center d. All of the above
d
A juice or sports drink that contains no more than _____ carbohydrate may allow for better hydration and physical performance than those that are more concentrated. a. 2-3% b. 4-5% c. 5-6% d. 6-8% e. 9-10%
d
According to NHANES III data, children aged _____ have the highest rates of daily television viewing. a. 8 through 10 b. 9 through 11 c. 11 through 13 d. 12 through 14 e. 13 through 15
d
All of the following are factors that increase a teen's need for iron EXCEPT: a. a rapid rate of linear growth. b. the onset of menarche for females. c. an increase in blood volume. d. a greater intake of heme than nonheme iron sources. e. All of the above factors increase a teen's need for iron.
d
Binge-eating disorder differs from bulimia nervosa in that binge-eating disorder: a. does not include binges on "fast" or "junk" foods. b. does not involve eating large amounts of food in a short period of time. c. does include large amounts of fruits and vegetables during a binge episode. d. does not involve compensatory behaviors. e. involves stool softeners, not laxatives.
d
By the age of 18, more than _____ of adult skeletal mass has been formed. a. 50% b. 75% c. 85% d. 90% e. 99%
d
Children with _____ would always be interpreted as overweight on standard growth charts because they have altered muscle size and/or short statures. a. diabetes and PKU b. juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and Down syndrome c. spina bifida and cystic fibrosis d. Down syndrome and spina bifida
d
Children with cerebral palsy often have constipation because: a. they do not eat well and likely do not get enough fiber. b. their fluid intakes must be restricted. c. their medications are binding. d. muscle coordination problems affect the gastrointestinal tract. e. they are bedbound and cannot ambulate.
d
Children with hyperlipidemias require further dietary restrictions to help lower LDL-cholesterol. This would include all of the following treatment recommendations EXCEPT: a. restriction of dietary cholesterol to 200 mg/day. b. increasing soluble fiber. c. weight management. d. increasing trans fats as substitutes for saturated fats. e. encouraging physical activity.
d
Children with phenylketonuria have to replace approximately 80% of _____ intake from foods with a mixture of _____ from which phenylalanine has been removed. a. energy, hydrolyzed macronutrients b. carbohydrate, sugars c. fat, fatty acids d. protein, amino acids
d
Fat-soluble vitamin supplements are recommended for children with _____ due to poor intestinal absorption of these nutrients. a. diabetes b. seizures c. PKU d. cystic fibrosis e. all of the above
d
Females experience a _____ increase in body fat during puberty. a. 40% b. 50% c. 100% d. 120%
d
For which 16-year-old teen would the dietitian have the greatest concern about folate status? a. Male whose estimated intake is 450 micrograms per day b. Female who consumes orange juice and cereal for breakfast c. Male with serum folate levels just below the normal range d. Female who is sexually active and skips breakfast
d
If weight loss was needed, what would you recommend for him? a. A strict calorie-controlled diet b. Absolutely no sweets or snack foods c. Attainment of an ideal body weight d. Changing unhealthy lifestyle behaviors and promoting healthy ones e. A high-protein diet designed for children
d
Many families experience difficulties when their child requires nutritional supplementation with a gastrostomy due to all of the following EXCEPT: a. eating is such an important aspect of parenting. b. the financial costs of formulas. c. lack of insurance coverage. d. All of the above would be difficulties for families.
d
Nutritional concerns in ADHD include: a. medication side effects that decrease appetite. b. maintaining growth while still being medicated. c. mealtime behavior. d. All of the above e. a and b only
d
Of children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes, what percentage are overweight or obese when diagnosed? a. 25 b. 40 c. 65 d. 85
d
Plot the BMI you calculated from the previous question on the CDC growth chart above. What is the classification for this child's weight status? a. Underweight b. Normal weight c. Overweight d. Obese
d
Protein needs for children with special health care needs are _____ those for other children. a. less than b. the same as c. greater than d. Variable, depending on the chronic health care condition.
d
Side effects from taking iron supplements include: a. constipation. b. nausea. c. cramping. d. All of the above e. a and c only
d
Soft drinks in excess are not recommended for school-age children because: a. they provide empty calories. b. they promote tooth decay. c. they are not a good fluid choice for hydration. d. All of the above e. a and b only
d
The main reason athletes use creatine is for: a. increased fatty acid oxidation. b. its ability to "melt fat." c. increasing anaerobic metabolism and strength. d. increasing lean body mass. e. All of the above
d
What elements of the "built environment" can be conducive to a healthy lifestyle? a. Safe parks for children to play in b. Bike paths c. Sidewalks d. All of the above
d
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of iron-deficiency anemia? a. Decreased immune status b. Fatigue c. Reduced physical endurance d. Thirst
d
Which of the following would NOT be an expected biological change occurring during puberty? a. Sexual maturation b. Accumulation of skeletal mass c. Increases in height and weight d. Accumulation of intra-abdominal fat e. Changes in body composition
d
Which of the following would be important information to provide to parents of a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)? a. Avoiding sugary foods and television will decrease the child's potential for over-stimulation. b. Giving daily multivitamins helps with nutritional deficiencies and increases attention span in many children. c. The best approach to changing behaviors is to use a permissive style of parenting. d. Less interference with appetite and growth is likely if the child does not take medications during school holidays. e. All of the above
d
Who is NOT mentioned in the recommendations for school health programs promoting healthy eating? a. Parents b. School teachers c. School foodservice workers d. Manufacturers of bottled or canned beverages (fruit juices, pop, sport drinks)
d
teenage girl ate Christmas dinner at her step-mother's house and following a creamy dessert, announced, "I am fatter than all of my classmates; I am going to stop eating for 5 days!" Important behaviors the step-mother should model include all of the following EXCEPT: a. eating well-balanced meals as part of her normal routine. b. showing the step-daughter love without using food. c. identifying strengths of the step-daughter that are not eating related. d. beginning a subscription to Weight Watcher's magazine for the stepdaughter.
d
Mary is 15, and has recurrent binges after which she uses laxatives to purge. Her BMI is in the 95th %tile, classifying her as overweight; therefore, she cannot be diagnosed with bulimia nervosa.
f
Mortality rates are higher for bulimia nervosa than for anorexia nervosa.
f
Nutritional claims about herbal remedies for chronic illnesses are ALWAYS supported by scientific evidence.
f
Nutritional supplements provided through gastrostomy feedings must be paid for by school lunch programs.
f
As children age, more time is spent eating family dinner together.
f
Asking teens to completely avoid fast-food restaurants is a realistic goal for weight loss.
f
Binge-eating disorder is defined by recurrent episodes of binge eating at least three days a week for 3 months.
f
A pregnant teen who is deficient in iron early in pregnancy is at higher risk of: a. remaining iron deficient after delivery. b. having a low-birth weight baby. c. having a preterm delivery. d. craving unusual foods. e. b and c only
e
Adequate nutrition, especially eating breakfast, has been associated with: a. improved academic performance. b. reduced tardiness and absences from school. c. an increase in childhood obesity. d. All of the above e. a and b only
e
An example of an environmental factor that contributes to eating disorders is: a. self-esteem. b. personal body image. c. weight preoccupation. d. nutrition beliefs. e. food availability.
e
As many as _____ of overweight adolescents can be expected to remain overweight into adulthood. a. 40% b. 50% c. 60% d. 70% e. 90%
e
Children with chronic conditions may have more difficulty meeting the DRI for vitamins and minerals as a result of: a. feeding difficulties. b. prescribed medications and their side effects. c. dietary restrictions. d. refusing foods. e. All of the above
e
Eating patterns and behaviors of adolescents are influenced by many factors, which include: a. peer influences. b. cost and convenience. c. body image. d. food availability. e. All of the above
e
Examples of conditions that INCREASE protein needs include: a. wound healing. b. cystic fibrosis. c. PKU. d. All of the above e. a and b only
e
Fast-food restaurants and food courts are favorite eating places for adolescents because: a. they offer an informal social setting. b. the food is relatively inexpensive. c. fast food can be eaten outside of the restaurant. d. it is easier than eating at home. e. a and b f. c and d
e
Health advantages for an adolescent consuming a vegetarian diet include: a. a high intake of fiber. b. high intakes of B vitamins, especially B12. c. high intakes of vitamins and minerals found in plant foods. d. All of the above e. a and c only
e
If a child's condition is known to change the rate of weight or height gain, which of the following signs would indicate a need for attention? a. A plateau in weight b. A pattern of gain and then weight loss c. Not regaining weight after an illness d. A pattern of unexplained and unintentional weight loss e. All of the above
e
Jane gets _____% of her energy from fat. a. 20 b. 25 c. 30 d. 35 e. 40
e
Key goals of nutritional care for someone in treatment for an eating disorder would include: a. establishing a regular pattern of nutritionally balanced meals. b. gradually introducing forbidden foods into the diet. c. avoiding dieting behaviors and excessive exercise. d. thoroughly assessing dietary intake and adequacy. e. All of the above are key goals
e
National guidelines for the treatment of child and adolescent overweight and obesity recommend a staged care process based on BMI, comorbid conditions, age, and motivation. Which of the following would NOT be one of those four stages? a. Prevention plus b. Structured weight management c. Comprehensive multidisciplinary intervention d. Tertiary care intervention e. Weight maintenance
e
Risk factors for the development of overweight among children and adolescents include: a. having at least one overweight parent. b. coming from a low-income family. c. having an American Indian ancestry. d. being diagnosed with a chronic or disabling condition that limits mobility. e. All of the above
e
School-based programs can play important roles in promoting healthy eating and physical activity. Efforts to promote physical activity and healthy eating in a school health program should involve: a. school food service. b. health services. c. school physical education programs. d. curriculum. e. all of the above
e
The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) advocates for the elimination of sweetened beverages in school and suggests replacing them with all of the following EXCEPT: a. low-fat chocolate milk. b. low-fat milk. c. vegetable juice. d. 100% fruit juice. e. sports beverages.
e
The developmental stage of "concrete operations" is characterized by: a. being able to focus on several aspects of a situation at the same time. b. some degree of cause/effect reasoning ability. c. being able to classify, reclassify, and generalize. d. the ability to see another's point of view. e. All of the above
e
The mother of a child with cerebral palsy bought vitamin and mineral supplements containing two times the recommended amounts for healthy children after hearing that her child's growth was slowed but going well. What is important information for her to learn? a. Slowed growth is common in children with cerebral palsy. b. There are no specific vitamins or minerals known to correct cerebral palsy. c. Excess vitamins and minerals can be harmful to other organs not affected by cerebral palsy. d. Hope for a cure is not wrong and her child is a "child first," which means he/she has growing opportunities similar to those of other children. e. All of the above
e
Body mass index (BMI) is constant throughout childhood.
f
The struggle for independence that characterizes adolescent psychosocial development may lead to the development of health-compromising eating behaviors, including: a. excessive dieting. b. meal skipping. c. use of unconventional nutritional supplements. d. the adoption of fad diets. e. all of the above
e
Treatment for diabetes includes regulating: a. the timing of meals. b. the composition of meals. c. the amount of exercise. d. insulin or oral medications. e. All of the above
e
Type 1 diabetes is related to immune function and results in virtually _____. a. no immune system regulation b. no colds for the first few years of the disease c. no ability to process all macronutrients d. no regulation of appetite e. no insulin production
e
What are the proposed mechanisms by which television viewing contributes to obesity? a. Reduced energy expenditure b. More commercials advertising appropriate foods c. Increased intake while watching television d. All of the above e. a and c only
e
What do Rebecca's two weight plots at six years (38.5 lbs) and at seven years (44 lbs) indicate? a. She is extremely underweight. b. The nutrition goals outlining calorie intake are adequate to meet her needs. c. She needs to build more protein stores. d. She experienced a normal growth spurt described as adiposity rebound. e. b and d
e
What food choices would be encouraged for someone watching his or her sodium intake? a. Whole grains, vegetables, and fruit b. Processed foods and canned soup c. Low-fat dairy products d. Legumes, eggs, and certain types of fat e. both a and c
e
A child with PKU will only have to follow a special diet until adolescence, after which she or he will be able to consume a "normal" diet.
f
A semi-vegetarian diet excludes milk and eggs.
f