LAB 13

Paramecium Caudatum

Heterotrophic moves using cilia sexual reproduction has a contractile vacuole

Fruiting bodies

Produce spores

Unikonta

Protists Amoebozoans and animals/fungi

SAR Clade

Protists based on DNA in their genomes -stramenopiles -Alveolates -rhizarians

Excavata

Protists based on mitochondria and their flagella

Archaeplastida

Red algae, and green algae and other land plants

Trichocysts

Structures that lie underneath the outer surface of the paramecium.

Euglenozoans include protists whose members are either heterotrophic, autotrophic, or parasitic.

True

Oomycetes

Watermold fungus like cell walls are made of cellulose derives nutrients of decaying matter can be parasitic

A snail-like, coiled, porous test (shell) of calcium carbonate is characteristic of which group?

foraminiferans

Brown algae appear brown due to the pigment __________.

fucoxanthin

clades

group of species, descended from one ancestral species, representing one phylogenetic group

A protist that obtains its energy only from sunlight is called a/an __________.

photosynthetic autotroph

Red algae appear red due to the pigment(s) __________.

phycoerythrin and phycocyanin

The vegetative state of a plasmodial slime mold is called a/an __________ and it consists of a multinucleate mass of protoplasm devoid of cell walls.

plasmodium

Algin

polysaccharide in the cell wall of brown algae

Mixotrophic

• Capable of photosynthesis and ingestion, such as euglenoids

Heterotrophic

• Depend on other organisms for food • Traditionally called protozoans that ingest their food by phagocytosis

Autotrophic

• Photosynthetic forms (primary producers) • Traditionally called algae

The vegetative state of a plasmodial slime mold is called a(n) __________ and it consists of a multinucleate mass of protoplasm devoid of cell walls. (a) axopodia (b) spore (c) auxospore (d) plasmodium (e) fruiting body

(d) plasmodium

A(n) __________ is used by Paramecium for water balance. (a) oral groove (b) food vacuole (c) macronucleus (d) trichocyst (e) contractile vacuole

(e) contractile vacuole

Which taxon of eukaryotic organisms is thought to be directly ancestral to the plant kingdom? (a) golden algae (b) radiolarians (c) foraminiferans (d) apicomplexans (e) green algae

(e) green algae

A protist that obtains its energy only by ingesting prey is called a/an __________.

. heterotroph

A biologist discovers an alga that is marine, multicellular, and lives at a depth reached only by blue light. This alga probably belongs to which group?

. red algae

The best evidence for not classifying the slime molds as fungi comes from slime molds' __________. (a) DNA sequences (b) nutritional modes (c) choice of habitats (d) physical appearance (e) reproductive methods

(a) DNA sequences

Euglenozoans include protists whose members are either heterotrophic, autotrophic, or parasitic. (a) True (b) False

(a) True

Extracts of algin, a polysaccharide in the cell wall of certain brown algae, are used commercially as thickening or emulsifying agents in paint, toothpaste, and ice cream. (a) True (b) False

(a) True

A protist that obtains its energy only from sunlight is called a(n) __________. (a) autotroph (b) heterotroph (c) mixotroph

(a) autotroph

The thread-like pseudopodia of radiolarians is called a(n) __________ and is thread-like. (a) axopodia (b) food vacuole (c) thallus (d) trichocyst (e) contractile vacuole

(a) axopodia

The chloroplasts of land plants are thought to have been derived according to which evolutionary sequence? (a) cyanobacteria → green algae → land plants (b) cyanobacteria → green algae → fungi → land plants (c) red algae → brown algae → green algae → land plants (d) red algae → cyanobacteria → land plants (e) cyanobacteria → red algae → green algae → land plants

(a) cyanobacteria → green algae → land plants

Brown algae appear brown due to the pigment __________. (a) fucoxanthin (b) phycoerythrin (c) chlorophyll a (d) chlorophyll b (e) chlorophyll c

(a) fucoxanthin

Thread-like pseudopods that can perform phagocytosis are generally characteristic of which group? (a) radiolarians and forams (b) gymnamoebas (c) entamoebas (d) amoeboid stage of cellular slime molds (e) oomycetes

(a) radiolarians and forams

A biologist discovers an alga that is marine, multicellular, and lives at a depth reached only by blue light. This alga probably belongs to which group? (a) red algae (b) brown algae (c) green algae (d) dinoflagellates (e) golden algae

(a) red algae

What makes certain red algae appear red? (a) They live in warm coastal waters. (b) They possess pigments that reflect and transmit red light. (c) They use red light for photosynthesis. (d) They lack chlorophyll. (e) They contain the pigment bacteriorhodopsin.

(b) They possess pigments that reflect and transmit red light.

Green algae often differ from land plants in that some green algae __________. (a) are heterotrophs (b) are unicellular (c) have plastids (d) have alternation of generations (e) have cell walls containing cellulose

(b) are unicellular

A certain unicellular eukaryote has a siliceous (glass-like) shell and autotrophic nutrition. To which group does it belong? (a) dinoflagellates (b) diatoms (c) brown algae (d) radiolarians (e) oomycetes

(b) diatoms

Protists are alike in that all are __________. (a) unicellular (b) eukaryotic (c) symbionts (d) monophyletic (e) autotrophic

(b) eukaryotic

A snail-like, coiled, porous test (shell) of calcium carbonate is characteristic of which group? (a) diatoms (b) foraminiferans (c) radiolarians (d) gymnamoebas (e) ciliates

(b) foraminiferans

A protist that obtains its energy only by ingesting prey is called a(n) __________. (a) autotroph (b) heterotroph (c) mixotroph

(b) heterotroph

Red algae appear red due to the pigment(s) __________. (a) fucoxanthin (b) phycoerythrin and phycocyanin (c) chlorophyll a (d) chlorophyll b (e) chlorophyll c

(b) phycoerythrin and phycocyanin

The common characteristic of all __________ is the presence of membrane-bound sac-like structures just under the cell membrane. (a) euglenozoans (b) golden algae (c) alveolates (d) foraminiferans (e) radiolarians

(c) alveolates

The largest seaweeds belong to which group? (a) red algae (b) green algae (c) brown algae (d) golden algae

(c) brown algae

Which group includes members that are important primary producers in ocean food webs, causes red tides that kill many fish, and may even be carnivorous? (a) euglenozoans (b) apicomplexans (c) dinoflagellates (d) brown algae (e) golden algae

(c) dinoflagellates

A protist that obtains its energy both from sunlight and by ingesting prey is called a(n) __________. (a) autotroph (b) heterotroph (c) mixotroph

(c) mixotroph

Which of the following produce the dense glassy ooze found in certain areas of the deep-ocean floor? (a) forams (b) dinoflagellates (c) radiolarians (d) ciliates (e) apicomplexans

(c) radiolarians

Euglenozoans move by means of one or more __________. (a) cilia (b) pili (c) alveoli (d) flagellum (e) trichocysts

(d) flagellum

The pseudopodia of radiolarians is called a/an __________ and is thread-like.

A. axopodia

Diatoms

Autotrophic organisms in plankton. photosynthesizers in marine water unicellular Aggregate=chainlike or starlike cell wall mad of silica

A certain unicellular eukaryote has a siliceous (glass-like) shell and autotrophic nutrition. To which group does it likely belong?

B. diatoms

The common characteristic of all __________ is the presence of membrane-bound sac-like structures just under the cell membrane.

C. alveolates

A gelatinous seaweed that grows in shallow, cold water and undergoes heteromorphic alternation of generations is most probably what type of alga?

C. brown

A protist that obtains its energy both from sunlight and by ingesting prey is called a/an __________.

C. mixotroph

Mixotrophic

Capable of photosynthesis and phagocytosis

The chloroplasts of land plants are thought to have been derived according to which evolutionary sequence?

CorrectA. cyanobacteria → green algae → land plants

supergroups

Excavata SAR Unikonta Archaeplastida

A gelatinous seaweed that grows in shallow, cold water and undergoes heteromorphic alternation of generations is most probably what type of alga? (a) red (b) green (c) brown (d) yellow

c) brown

A __________ is a group of species, all of which are descended from one ancestral species, representing one phylogenetic group. (a) taxa (b) clade (c) genus (d) grade (e) species

clade

Plankton

community of organisms found floating in the ocean

A/An __________ is used by Paramecium for water balance.

contractile vacuole

Which group includes members that are important primary producers in ocean food webs, causes red tides that kill many fish, and may even be carnivorous?

dinoflagellates

Primary Production

energy stored by autotrophs

Protists are alike in that all are _______

eukaryotic

Euglenozoans move by means of one or more __________.

flagellum