Lab 15

Dry fruits with one seed. Ovary wall and seed coat are fused.

Achene

What economically important products are produced by other gymnosperms?

Anything with wood, paper.

What economically important products are provided by conifers?

Anything with wood. Paper.

Pollen is produced in smaller quantities. Flowers are large with bright colors. Nectar and west smell attracts the animal. Some contain fruit to also attract the animal. Flowers dispersed by a?

Bat

Why is wind dispersed pollen an important phenomenon in the evolution of plants?

Because the wind is able to carry the male pollen to the female ovule to continue the life cycle. The wind dusts the pollen everywhere in its path. Doesn't require water for fertilization any more.

Fleshy fruit. Ovary with many seeds; does not have a stone. All o the ovary tissue is soft and fleshy; surrounding flower tissue does not develop into fruit

Berry

How might fleshy fruits be dispersed?

By animals

How might dry fruits be dispersed?

By the wind

Consists of an ovary at the base and a style leading up to a stigma where the pollen is received

Carpel

What group of seed plants produces pollen grains with flagellated sperm?

Cyadophyta (cyads)

Fleshy fruits. Ovary with one seed, which is surrounded by a very hard stone outer covering of the seed is formed from the inner ovary wall.

Drupe

In double fertilization, one sperm fertilizes the egg, while the other combines with two nuclei in the central cell of the female gametophyte and initiates development of food storing:

Endosperms

Large petals, brightly colored to attract the insect with a sweet smell and nectar. Contain less pollen so none will be wasted. Pollen is sticky or spiky to attach to the insect. Anthers are firm and inside the flower. they brush up against the insect. Stigmas are also inside the flower and have a sticky coating. Flowers dispersed by?

Flies and bees.

The body of this itself is the sporophyte. Its bright colors, sweet smell and nectar attracts pollinators such as bees, birds, and humans.

Flower

Produced from angiosperms. When digested by animals, the seed excreted by the animals grow into a new plant, continuing the cycle

Fruit

What are the key characteristics shared by all gymnosperms?

Gymnosperms are seed plants. Their endosperm is haploid. Their ovule is not enclosed in an ovary, hanse the name "naked seed." Cone-bearing plants called conifers. Simple vein pattern on their leaves and they have extensive roots

In Pine sporophyte, is the pine plant haploid or diploid? What important process occurs in the sporangia?

Haploid. In male sporangia cones, the pollen is formed. In female sporangia cones, the ovule is formed.

Large, brightly colored petals with a sweet scent and nectar to attract the bird. Pollen is sticky, so is the stigma anthers and stigma are inside the flower. Flower dispersed by a?

Hummingbird

Why is internal fertilization essential for true terrestrial living?

Internal fertilization continues the life cycle on land rather than in water. No need for water to aid in fertilization.

What seedless vascular plants are heterosporous

Lycophyta such as club mosses

Are microspores and megaspores produced by mitosis or meiosis?

Meiosis

On an anther, each one contains microsporocytes that divide by meiosis, producing microspores

Microsporangium

What part of the angiosperm life cycle is contained in the mature pollen grain?

Microspores develop in the microsporangium and form mature pollen grains (male gametophytes) which are then used to fertilize female gametophytes

A microspore develops into this, the male gametophyte enclosed within the pollen wall. It then germinates, forming a pollen tube that slowly digests its way through the megasporangium

Pollen grains

A sporophyte embryo, along with its food supply, packaged in a protective coat.

Seed

Describe the structures and function of a seed

Seeds can disperse over long distances by wind, or other means. A seed is a sporophyte embryo, along with its food supply, packaged in a protective coat. It develops from the whole ovule and can remain dormant for days to years, until conditions are favorable for germination

How does the female gametophyte in angiosperms differ from the female gametophyte in gymnosperms?

The female gametophyte in angiosperms are enclosed inside the flower, rather than exposed outside of the plant sun as the female gametophyte in gymnosperms

Describe the male and female gametophytes in terms of size and location

The male gametophytes are the yellow pollen, small grains dispersed in large amounts by the wind. The female gametophytes are retained within the sporangia

What are the functions of the wings on a pollen grain?

The pollen wings aid in the dispersal of the pollen grains by wind.

Small petals, often brown or dull colors so not to attract insects also normally lack a specific scent or nectar. Pollen is produced in large quantities to enhance the change of them making it to an ovule. Pollen is also light and smooth, easily carried by the wind. The stigma hangs outside the flower for easy access and it is feathery or net like to catch the pollen. Flowers dispersed by the

Wind