LAB 7-10 review
A _________ fracture occurs at the ankle, and affects the medial malleolus of the distal tibia and the lateral malleolus of the distal fibula. epiphyseal compression Pott's Colles
Pott's
Which type of muscle tissue is highly branched, possess intercalated discs and is comprised of cells having a single nucleus? cardiac elastic skeletal smooth
cardiac
Which 3 bones are fused together to form the pelvic bone? navicular, cuboid, cuneiform ischium, ilium, pubis malleus, incus, stapes trapezoid, hamate, lunate
ischium, ilium, pubis
Which type of arthritis could be treated by all of the following medications: steroids, standard DMARDs, and biologic DMARDs. dysplastic arthritis rheumatoid arthritis osteoarthritis gouty arthritis
rheumatoid arthritis
When classifying bones by shape, small, flat, oddly-shaped bones located between flat bones of the skull are called _______ bones short sutural sub-flat sesamoid
sutural
The calcaneus bone is the site of attachment of the calcaneal tendon. The calcaneal tendon is also known as the malleolar tendon interosseous membrane Achilles tendon tendon tarsalus
Achilles tendon
When classifying bones by shape, the humerus is classified as a _______ bone, and _________ are classified as irregular bones. long; short flat; short long; vertebrae flat; vertebrae
long; vertebrae
Interactions between thin and thick myofilaments of the sarcomere are responsible for ________. the conduction of action potentials in the muscle fiber muscle fatigue muscle contraction muscle relaxation
muscle contraction
"Cocking" the myosin head requires energy. What molecule acts as an ATPase to break down ATP for the energy needed to cock the myosin head? calcium sodium actin myosin
myosin
Acetylcholine is a(n) __________, which is a type of chemical released by neurons that changes the plasma membrane permeability or other properties of another cell. inorganic neurolipid enzyme neurotransmitter polypeptide
neurotransmitter
The _________ of the ulna forms the point of your elbow. coronoid process olecranon radial notch medial epicondyl
olecranon
Immature bone cells that secrete osteoid are called _________, and bone stem cells are called ___________. osteons; osteocytes osteoblasts; osteogenic cells osteoblasts; osteoclasts osteocytes; osteoclasts
osteoblasts; osteogenic cells
What functional category is a fibrous gomphosis? diarthrosis syndesmosis synarthrosis amphiarthrosis
synarthrosis
A cartilaginous, immovable joint that joins two adjacent bones is called a ___________. synchrondrosis synostosis symphysis syndesmosis
synchrondrosis
Epiphyseal lines of mature long bones are examples of immoveable, bony __________. synchondroses gomphoses synostoses sutures
synostoses
During contraction, the entire skeletal muscle shortens and produces a pull, called ______, on the tendons on either end of the muscle. flexion strain tension tautness
tension
When an action potential travels along the sarcolemma, it triggers the release of calcium ions by the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). What part of the SR releases calcium? Z line T tubule medial sulcus terminal cisternae
terminal cisternae
Why do skeletal muscle cells contain high numbers of mitochondria? to give the muscle cell its striated appearance so that the heart continues to beat to efficiently move digested food through the GI tract to supply the ATP needed for skeletal muscle function
to supply ATP needed for skeletal muscle function
_______ covers the active sites of actin prior to calcium binding to troponin. myosin titan tropomyosin troponin
tropomyosin
The wrist exhibits biaxial movement, which means that it moves in _____ planes. four three all two
two
A soft callus is primarily comprised of ____________, while a hard callus is mainly comprised of ___________. cartilage; bone fibrin; bone bone; cartilage fibrin; cartilage
cartilage; bone
What structural category is the slightly moveable pubic symphysis? elastic fibrous cartilaginous bony
cartilaginous
Certain _________ fractures that occur between the epiphysis and epiphyseal cartilage can permanently stop growth at that site. epiphyseal metaphyseal chondrocytic diaphyseal
epiphyseal
What transport process is utilized when ACh is released into the synaptic cleft? receptor-mediated endocytosis pinocytosis exocytosis phagocytosis
exocytosis
What type of cartilage forms the soft callus during bone fracture repair? fibrocartilage dense cartilage hyaline cartilage elastic cartilage
fibrocartilage
A _________ fracture occurs only when one side of the shaft is broken. greenstick transverse Colles comminuted
greenstick
The acetabulum articulates with the head of the humerus head of the femur none of the listed answers are correct sacral region of the vertebral column
head of the femur
Which of the following choices have the steps of a bone fracture repair in the correct order? hematoma formation, soft callous formation, bone remodeling, hard callus formation hematoma formation, soft callous formation, hard callus formation, bone remodeling soft callous formation, hematoma formation, bone remodeling, hard callus formation soft callous formation, hard callus formation, bone remodeling, hematoma formation
hematoma formation, soft callous formation, hard callus formation, bone remodeling
The only bone that doesn't articulate with any other bone is the ______ bone. calcaneous navicular hyoid pisiform
hyoid
When a person has an abnormal spine curvature called ___________, their head and shoulders are positioned forward, but if their stomach muscles are slacked, have hyperextended knees, and flat feet, they most likely have an abnormal spine curvature called ___________. kyphosis/lordosis lordosis/kyphosis lordosis/scoliosis scoliosis/kyphosis
kyphosis/lordosis
Which cellular component/feature do skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle share? highly branched cells under involuntary control presence of striations large number of mitochondria
large number of mitochondria
A _________ fracture occurs at the distal portion of the radius, and is typically a result from reaching out to cushion a fall. transverse compression Colles Pott's
Colles
For severe rheumatoid arthritis that hasn't been helped by medication, a doctor may suggest joint replacement surgery. The medical term for joint replacement is ________________. arthrodesis arthroplasty arthroscopy angioplasty
arthroplasty
Which of the following wouldn't be a possible cause for osteoarthritis? family history autoimmune disease being overweight repetitive joint damage
autoimmune disease
What function do phagocytes perform during the bone healing process? produce histamine to increase inflammation build new matrix release factors that help in clot formation cleans the fracture of debris and any germs that are present
cleans the fracture of debris and any germs that are present
__________ fractures shatter the affected bone area into a multitude of bony fragments. spiral transverse comminuted displaced
comminuted
__________ fractures occur in the vertebrae subjected to extreme pressure and is often associated with osteoporosis. Pott's compression comminuted Colles
compression
Osteoarthritis is also called ____________________ disease. degenerative joint arthritic dysplasia arthritic dysbiosis gouty arthritic
degenerative joint
Mature bone cells that maintain the bone matrix are called _______, and multinucleated cells that dissolve the bone matrix are called _________. osteons; osteocytes osteoblasts; osteoclasts osteoblasts; osteogenic cells osteocytes; osteoclasts
osteocytes; osteoclasts
What occurs during bone remodeling? removal of existing bone by osteoclasts and the deposition of new bone by osteoblasts removal of existing bone by osteoclasts and the deposition of new bone by osteogenic cells removal of existing bone by osteoblasts and the deposition of new bone by osteoclasts removal of existing bone by osteocytes and the deposition of new bone by osteogenic cells
removal of existing bone by osteoclasts and the deposition of new bone by osteoblasts
Which of the following rib descriptions is FALSE? rib pairs 8-10 are called vertebrochondral ribs rib pairs 1-8 are called vertebrosternal ribs rib pairs 8-12 are called "false ribs" rib pairs 11-12 are called "floating ribs"
rib pairs 1-8 are called vertebrosternal ribs
An abnormal lateral ("side-to-side") curvature of the spine is called _________, When this curvature occurs for an unknown reason, it is referred to as ___________. kyphosis; idiopathic scoliosis; idiopathic scoliosis; cryptic kyphosis; cryptic
scoliosis; idiopathic
When classifying bones by shape, carpal bones are classified as _______ bones, and the _________ is classified as a sesamoid bone. irregular; patella short; flat irregular; flat short; patella
short; patella
Which type of muscle tissue is comprised of multinucleated, striated cells that are under voluntary control? skeletal elastic cardiac smooth
skeletal
Which type of muscle tissue is comprised of cells that lack striations? cardiac elastic skeletal smooth
smooth