LAEP 2

New Urbanism

-Pedestrian friendly design -Variety of housing types -Transit oriented development -A variety of public open spaces

Riverside Illinois

America's first suburb First time not a grid pattern Frederick Law Olmstead contributed

ASLA

American Society of Landscape Architects 10 men, and 1 female - Beatrix Jones(one of the only organizations with a woman as founder/allowed women) 1899

Orvieto Italy

Defended by a natural wall Built the giant double helix well

Industrial Revolution

Emergence of middle class Emparkation - wealthy buying public land for their own use Company towns - workers lived in the company town owned by the factory owner

Gertrude Jekyll

Bad eye site architect, big bright flowery gardens. Plant freak-made gardens with a wide variety

Metes and bounds systems - old system of dividing land

Based l. The recognition of visible physical lands marks and the distance between them(following rivers and other landmarks to determine boundaries)-not perfect

New town

Based on the Garden City Classic suburban development

Vermont

Characterized. By the French, long narrow plots, tried to give everyone access to waterfront land, Later came the Dutch(had a similar style)-few trees at property lines. Followed by the English-settled the hillsides led to angled boundary lines on the hills Different English from Connecticut - square files lined with trees

The Harvard Rebellion

First university to ha r a LAEP program(in teaching they ignored modernism) 3 students (Eckbo, Kiley, Rose) - pushed for modernism(they changed quite a bit)

Unplanned Communities

Formed over time, "grown", accretion

Greensward Plan

Plan for Central Park done by F.L.O. Done in a competition form

Country Estate Era

Post civil war, many landscape architects built big estates based off the old country.

High density

Rio de Janerio Layered place in Central Asia Sometimes lack of central utilities

Colonial gardens

Small area Fences Central axis path Clipped plants Attempted to be formal In each example they looked back to home and designed their gardens-included home flowers or design

Thomas Jeferson

Monticello and UVa

George Washington

Mount Vernon, French style

North/South

North had small gardens South had larger gardens (help from slaves)

Boston Common 1634 - 1830

Originally for cattle and sheep, later became park

We shape buildings

Our buildings then shape us

Architectural determinism

The idea that the environment, where you live determines a major aspect of your life.

Garden influence on City planning

"A country place in the city"

Park?

-root meaning is an enclosure to keep cattle -ancient cities had "parks"(Academy, Agora, Forum, Coliseum, Stadia) no "right of access"(not necessarily public) -volksgarten, Englicher Garten, Regents's park.

3 types of cities

1. Unplanned cities(grown by accretion) 2. Governmental areas planned-housing and commercial not 3. Everything is planned

1843 Public Park

Birkenhead Park, Joseph Paxton

Thomas Church

Designed the first kidney shaped pool - caught in very quickly

Post Ward and Modernity

Great Depression ended the country estate era. Led to many smaller works that were public ie the CCC During this period, modernism in architecture started.

Ghadames Libya

Great example of Urban Accretion

Home - housing - community - city

Home - where you must be let in Housing - roof over your head Community - an adjective, not a noun

Ira Keller

Mimic nature in design, abstract nature The funky waterfall things in the city

Women vs, Men as Landscape Architects

Professionally - more men than women Academically - 50/50

Changes in Park trends

Promenade — active recreation

PLSS

Public Land Survey System-Rectangular grid system(square fields and things, in many many states)

Park values

Public health Morality Added value

The Garden City Movement

Pushed by Ebenezer Howard Goals: create cities in the countryside Intricately planned, network of "garden cities" — circle shaped "Ideal city" Shared the desire to example the industrial cities

Urban recreation today

Recreation standards Scale(how close is the nearest park) Playgrounds Education Specialized form(ie skate parks)

Roberto Burke marx

Very different modern gardens, Brazilian, took plantsfrom the jungle

Lutyens

Worked with Jekyll to make the structure, she filled it up.