LAEP 2
New Urbanism
-Pedestrian friendly design -Variety of housing types -Transit oriented development -A variety of public open spaces
Riverside Illinois
America's first suburb First time not a grid pattern Frederick Law Olmstead contributed
ASLA
American Society of Landscape Architects 10 men, and 1 female - Beatrix Jones(one of the only organizations with a woman as founder/allowed women) 1899
Orvieto Italy
Defended by a natural wall Built the giant double helix well
Industrial Revolution
Emergence of middle class Emparkation - wealthy buying public land for their own use Company towns - workers lived in the company town owned by the factory owner
Gertrude Jekyll
Bad eye site architect, big bright flowery gardens. Plant freak-made gardens with a wide variety
Metes and bounds systems - old system of dividing land
Based l. The recognition of visible physical lands marks and the distance between them(following rivers and other landmarks to determine boundaries)-not perfect
New town
Based on the Garden City Classic suburban development
Vermont
Characterized. By the French, long narrow plots, tried to give everyone access to waterfront land, Later came the Dutch(had a similar style)-few trees at property lines. Followed by the English-settled the hillsides led to angled boundary lines on the hills Different English from Connecticut - square files lined with trees
The Harvard Rebellion
First university to ha r a LAEP program(in teaching they ignored modernism) 3 students (Eckbo, Kiley, Rose) - pushed for modernism(they changed quite a bit)
Unplanned Communities
Formed over time, "grown", accretion
Greensward Plan
Plan for Central Park done by F.L.O. Done in a competition form
Country Estate Era
Post civil war, many landscape architects built big estates based off the old country.
High density
Rio de Janerio Layered place in Central Asia Sometimes lack of central utilities
Colonial gardens
Small area Fences Central axis path Clipped plants Attempted to be formal In each example they looked back to home and designed their gardens-included home flowers or design
Thomas Jeferson
Monticello and UVa
George Washington
Mount Vernon, French style
North/South
North had small gardens South had larger gardens (help from slaves)
Boston Common 1634 - 1830
Originally for cattle and sheep, later became park
We shape buildings
Our buildings then shape us
Architectural determinism
The idea that the environment, where you live determines a major aspect of your life.
Garden influence on City planning
"A country place in the city"
Park?
-root meaning is an enclosure to keep cattle -ancient cities had "parks"(Academy, Agora, Forum, Coliseum, Stadia) no "right of access"(not necessarily public) -volksgarten, Englicher Garten, Regents's park.
3 types of cities
1. Unplanned cities(grown by accretion) 2. Governmental areas planned-housing and commercial not 3. Everything is planned
1843 Public Park
Birkenhead Park, Joseph Paxton
Thomas Church
Designed the first kidney shaped pool - caught in very quickly
Post Ward and Modernity
Great Depression ended the country estate era. Led to many smaller works that were public ie the CCC During this period, modernism in architecture started.
Ghadames Libya
Great example of Urban Accretion
Home - housing - community - city
Home - where you must be let in Housing - roof over your head Community - an adjective, not a noun
Ira Keller
Mimic nature in design, abstract nature The funky waterfall things in the city
Women vs, Men as Landscape Architects
Professionally - more men than women Academically - 50/50
Changes in Park trends
Promenade — active recreation
PLSS
Public Land Survey System-Rectangular grid system(square fields and things, in many many states)
Park values
Public health Morality Added value
The Garden City Movement
Pushed by Ebenezer Howard Goals: create cities in the countryside Intricately planned, network of "garden cities" — circle shaped "Ideal city" Shared the desire to example the industrial cities
Urban recreation today
Recreation standards Scale(how close is the nearest park) Playgrounds Education Specialized form(ie skate parks)
Roberto Burke marx
Very different modern gardens, Brazilian, took plantsfrom the jungle
Lutyens
Worked with Jekyll to make the structure, she filled it up.