Lap 4 APUSH College Board test review

The role of women expressed in the cult of domesticity had its roots in

republican motherhood

Henry Clay's "American System" called for all of the following EXCEPT

sale of federal lands to finance higher education

The Kentucky and Virginia resolutions, the Hartford Convention, and the South Carolina Exposition and Protest were similar in that all involved a defense of

states' rights

In the early 1830's, the majority of workers in the textile mills of Massachusetts were

young unmarried women from rural New England

Which of the following was NOT a result of the growth of a national market economy between 1815 and 1860 ?

A greater number of men working at home

Which of the following explains how the growth of a market-based economy in the United States in the early 1800s most directly influenced changes in gender roles?

As home and the workplace became separated, women were increasingly expected to be responsible for housework and childcare while men took jobs outside the home.

The issuance of the Monroe Doctrine did which of the following?

Asserted American independent in the realm of foreign policy.

Which of the following factors best explains the increase in White male suffrage in the early nineteenth century?

Changes to property ownership requirements

"In August 1865, the photographer Marcus Ormsbee... took a formal portrait of several groups of craft workers in their different shops.... At the center of the photograph, at Outcault's carpentry shop, stands the conventional artisan trio of master, journeyman, and apprentice, still at the heart of the city's workshop world—yet class differences mark these craftsmen's every feature.... Brooding above everyone, a new brick manufactory seals off its employees from the street and from public view. Small shop and large enterprise converge; New York remains a blend of old and new." Sean Wilentz, historian, Chants Democratic, 1984 Which of the following is one important continuity in urban life in the United States throughout the nineteenth century?

Immigrants formed an important part of the manufacturing workforce.

Which of the following is true of John Marshall's decision in McCulloch v. Maryland?

It increased federal authority by invoking the doctrine of implied powers.

The majority of immigrants who arrived in the United States between 1821 and 1880 settled in the

Midwest and Northeast

The Jefferson administration advocated which of the following changes as a means of restoring republican ideals?

Reducing the scope of activities of the federal government

The Supreme Court established which of the following by its ruling in Marbury v. Madison ?

The Supreme Court has the authority to determine the constitutionality of congressional acts.

The rise in manufacturing beginning in the early 1800s eventually resulted in which of the following by 1848?

The emergence of a larger middle class in the North

Which of the following best explains the expansion of participatory democracy in the early nineteenth century?

The extension of suffrage rights to most adult White men

"Louisiana as ceded by France is made part of the United States. Congress may make part of the United States other adjacent territories which shall be justly acquired. "Congress may sever from the United States territory not heretofore within the United States, with consent of a majority of the free males above 21 years, inhabiting such territory." James Madison, secretary of state, proposed constitutional amendment [not passed], 1803 Which of the following best describes the historical situation in which the amendment was proposed?

The federal government sought to acquire more western land in North America.

The expansion of a market economy in the early nineteenth century is reflected in which of the following?

The improvement of transportation and availability of goods

Which of the following most directly contributed to the overall trend depicted in the graph?

The transformation of the United States into an industrial society

Many Americans were suspicious of the Second Bank of the United States for which of the following reasons?

They believed that it was controlled by a commercial elite.

The picture above best expresses which of the following middle-class views about women in the mid-nineteenth century?

Women were the moral and spiritual strength of the family.

The development of the early nineteenth-century concept of "separate spheres" for the sexes encouraged all of the following EXCEPT

accepting women as intellectual equals of men

Daniel Webster's address to the Senate in 1830 in reply to Senator Hayne is best remembered for its

defense of the principle of national union

A key purpose of Henry Clay's American System was to

develop a national economy by improving transportation

An important consequence of the "tariff of abominations" (1828) is that it led to the

enunciation of the doctrine of nullification

Politics in the antebellum United States changed dramatically because

expanded White male suffrage broadened participation in elections

President Jackson resisted the admission of Texas into the Union in 1836 primarily because he

feared that debate over the admission of Texas would ignite controversy about slavery

The drawing above has been cited as evidence of the nineteenth-century middle-class view of the

home as a refuge from the world rather than as a productive unit

In addition to the cotton gin, Eli Whitney's major contribution to American Technology was his

introduction of interchangeable parts

The map above shows the United States immediately following the

passage of the Missouri Compromise

Jacksonian Democracy was distinguished by the belief that

political participation by the common man should be increased

The Louisiana Purchase proved politically troubling for Thomas Jefferson because of his

previous support for a strict interpretation of the Constitution

The nullification crisis of 1832 arose over the issue of

protective tariffs

In the first half of the nineteenth century, Cherokee efforts to retain their tribal lands in Georgia received direct support from

the United States Supreme Court

Andrew Jackson supported all of the following EXCEPT

the right of nullification

One distinguishing feature of the new middle class that emerged in the 1830s and 1840s was

the separation of economic production from the home and family life

Most of the Irish immigrants who came to the United States following the potato famine of the 1840s settled in

urban areas of the North

"Few historians would dispute that the market revolution brought substantial material benefits to most northeasterners, urban and rural.... Those who benefited most from the market revolution—merchants and manufacturers, lawyers and other professionals, and successful commercial farmers, along with their families—faced life situations very different from those known to earlier generations. The decline of the household as the locus of production led directly to a growing impersonality in the economic realm; household heads, instead of directing family enterprises or small shops, often had to find ways to recruit and discipline a wage-labor force; in all cases, they had to stay abreast of or even surpass their competitors." Sean Wilentz, historian, "Society, Politics, and the Market Revolution, 1815-1848," published in 1997 Which of the following historical developments contributed most directly to the market revolution?

The emergence of new forms of transportation

"Few historians would dispute that the market revolution brought substantial material benefits to most northeasterners, urban and rural.... Those who benefited most from the market revolution—merchants and manufacturers, lawyers and other professionals, and successful commercial farmers, along with their families—faced life situations very different from those known to earlier generations. The decline of the household as the locus of production led directly to a growing impersonality in the economic realm; household heads, instead of directing family enterprises or small shops, often had to find ways to recruit and discipline a wage-labor force; in all cases, they had to stay abreast of or even surpass their competitors." Sean Wilentz, historian, "Society, Politics, and the Market Revolution, 1815-1848," published in 1997 Which of the following cultural and social shifts resulted most directly from the trends described in the excerpt?

The emergence of new ideas about the proper roles of husbands and wives

"The creation of a home market is not only necessary to procure for our agriculture a just reward of its labors, but it is indispensable to obtain a supply of our necessary wants. . . . Suppose no actual abandonment of farming, but, what is most likely, a gradual and imperceptible employment of population in the business of manufacturing, instead of being compelled to resort to agriculture. . . . Is any part of our common country likely to be injured by a transfer of the theatre of [manufacturing] for our own consumption from Europe to America? ". . . Suppose it were even true that Great Britain had abolished all restrictions upon trade, and allowed the freest introduction of the [products] of foreign labor, would that prove it unwise for us to adopt the protecting system? The object of protection is the establishment and perfection of the [manufacturing] arts. In England it, has accomplished its purpose, fulfilled its end. . . . The adoption of the restrictive system, on the part of the United States, by excluding the [products] of foreign labor, would extend the [purchasing] of American [products], unable, in the infancy and unprotected state of the arts, to sustain a competition with foreign fabrics. Let our arts breathe under the shade of protection; let them be perfected as they are in England, and [then] we shall be ready . . . to put aside protection, and enter upon the freest exchanges." Henry Clay, speaker of the House of Representatives, speech in Congress, 1824 Which of the following was an interpretation of the speech by opponents of the goals Clay expressed in the excerpt?

Clay's manufacturing plan would benefit one section of the country more than others.

"Let us, then, fellow-citizens, unite with one heart and one mind. Let us restore to social intercourse that harmony and affection without which liberty and even life itself are but dreary things. And let us reflect that, having banished from our land that religious intolerance under which mankind so long bled and suffered, we have yet gained little if we countenance a political intolerance as despotic, as wicked, and capable of as bitter and bloody persecutions. . . . We have called by different names brethren of the same principle. We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists. If there be any among us who would wish to dissolve this Union or to change its republican form, let them stand undisturbed as monuments of the safety with which error of opinion may be tolerated where reason is left free to combat it." Thomas Jefferson, first inaugural address, 1801 The excerpt best reflects which of the following?

Conflicts over how the Constitution should be implemented and interpreted

The most important factor in Andrew Jackson's successful bid for the presidency in 1828 was his

reputation as a hero of the War of 1812

Which of the following is true of the case of Marbury v. Madison?

It affirmed the principle of judicial review.

The Embargo Act of 1807 had which of the following effects on the United States?

It disrupted American shipping.

"Few historians would dispute that the market revolution brought substantial material benefits to most northeasterners, urban and rural.... Those who benefited most from the market revolution—merchants and manufacturers, lawyers and other professionals, and successful commercial farmers, along with their families—faced life situations very different from those known to earlier generations. The decline of the household as the locus of production led directly to a growing impersonality in the economic realm; household heads, instead of directing family enterprises or small shops, often had to find ways to recruit and discipline a wage-labor force; in all cases, they had to stay abreast of or even surpass their competitors." Sean Wilentz, historian, "Society, Politics, and the Market Revolution, 1815-1848," published in 1997 Which of the following pieces of historical evidence from the United States census could best be used to support the argument in the excerpt?

Data showing changes in the number of textile mills

"The creation of a home market is not only necessary to procure for our agriculture a just reward of its labors, but it is indispensable to obtain a supply of our necessary wants. . . . Suppose no actual abandonment of farming, but, what is most likely, a gradual and imperceptible employment of population in the business of manufacturing, instead of being compelled to resort to agriculture. . . . Is any part of our common country likely to be injured by a transfer of the theatre of [manufacturing] for our own consumption from Europe to America? ". . . Suppose it were even true that Great Britain had abolished all restrictions upon trade, and allowed the freest introduction of the [products] of foreign labor, would that prove it unwise for us to adopt the protecting system? The object of protection is the establishment and perfection of the [manufacturing] arts. In England it, has accomplished its purpose, fulfilled its end. . . . The adoption of the restrictive system, on the part of the United States, by excluding the [products] of foreign labor, would extend the [purchasing] of American [products], unable, in the infancy and unprotected state of the arts, to sustain a competition with foreign fabrics. Let our arts breathe under the shade of protection; let them be perfected as they are in England, and [then] we shall be ready . . . to put aside protection, and enter upon the freest exchanges." Henry Clay, speaker of the House of Representatives, speech in Congress, 1824 Which of the following describes an interpretation of Clay's economic principles at the time as expressed in the excerpt?

The United States should increase domestic manufacturing to promote prosperity.

"Few wives in antebellum America enjoyed a life free from labor. Family life depended on the smooth performance of an extensive array of unpaid occupations in the household, and on the presence . . . of someone to provide that work—to supervise the children through the vicissitudes of a changing social and economic order; to make and mend clothes, quilts, pillows, and other household furnishings; to shop for items the household could afford . . . , and scavenge . . . for those it could not; to clean, cook, and bake; and, whenever necessary, to move from unpaid to paid labor to bolster the household income. The growth . . . of the cash [economy] of the Northeast had not rendered this labor superfluous. Nor had it reduced housework to unskilled labor." Jeanne Boydston, historian, Home and Work, 1990 Which of the following most directly contributed to the situation described in the excerpt?

The market revolution

"The Erie Canal poured into New York City [wealth] far exceeding that which its early friends predicted. . . . In the city, merchants, bankers, warehousemen, [and] shippers . . . seized the opportunity to perfect and specialize their services, fostering round after round of business innovations that within a decade of the opening of the Erie Canal had made New York by far the best place in America to engage in commerce. . . . ". . . Even before its economic benefits were realized fully, rival seaports with hopes of tapping interior trade began to imagine dreadful prospects of permanent eclipse. Whatever spirit of mutual good feeling and national welfare once greeted [internal improvements] now disappeared behind desperate efforts in cities . . . to create for themselves a westward connection." John Lauritz Larson, historian, Internal Improvement: National Public Works and the Promise of Popular Government in the Early United States, 2001 Which of the following developments in the early nineteenth century could best be used as evidence to support the argument in the second paragraph of the excerpt?

The opposition of some political leaders to providing federal funds for public works

"The creation of a home market is not only necessary to procure for our agriculture a just reward of its labors, but it is indispensable to obtain a supply of our necessary wants. . . . Suppose no actual abandonment of farming, but, what is most likely, a gradual and imperceptible employment of population in the business of manufacturing, instead of being compelled to resort to agriculture. . . . Is any part of our common country likely to be injured by a transfer of the theatre of [manufacturing] for our own consumption from Europe to America? ". . . Suppose it were even true that Great Britain had abolished all restrictions upon trade, and allowed the freest introduction of the [products] of foreign labor, would that prove it unwise for us to adopt the protecting system? The object of protection is the establishment and perfection of the [manufacturing] arts. In England it, has accomplished its purpose, fulfilled its end. . . . The adoption of the restrictive system, on the part of the United States, by excluding the [products] of foreign labor, would extend the [purchasing] of American [products], unable, in the infancy and unprotected state of the arts, to sustain a competition with foreign fabrics. Let our arts breathe under the shade of protection; let them be perfected as they are in England, and [then] we shall be ready . . . to put aside protection, and enter upon the freest exchanges." Henry Clay, speaker of the House of Representatives, speech in Congress, 1824 The excerpt could best be used by historians studying which of the following in the early 1800s?

The political debates over economic development

"The river Missouri, and the Indians inhabiting it, are not as well known as is rendered desirable by their connection with the Mississippi, and consequently with us. It is, however, understood, that the country on that river is inhabited by numerous tribes, who furnish great supplies of furs and peltry to the trade of another nation. . . . An intelligent officer, with ten or twelve chosen men, fit for the enterprise . . . might explore the whole line, even to the Western Ocean, have conferences with the natives on the subject of commercial intercourse . . . agree on convenient deposits for an interchange of articles, and return with the information acquired. . . . While other civilized nations have encountered great expense to enlarge the boundaries of knowledge by undertaking voyages of discovery . . . our nation seems to owe to the same object, as well as to its own interests, to explore this, the only line of easy communication across the continent, and so directly traversing our own part of it. The interests of commerce place the principal object within the constitutional powers and care of Congress. . . . The appropriation of two thousand five hundred dollars, 'for the purpose of extending the external commerce of the United States,' . . . would cover the undertaking from notice." President Thomas Jefferson, secret message to Congress, January 1803 The fulfillment of Jefferson's proposal in the excerpt would be used to support which of the following executive acts?

The purchase of the Louisiana territory from France

"The river Missouri, and the Indians inhabiting it, are not as well known as is rendered desirable by their connection with the Mississippi, and consequently with us. It is, however, understood, that the country on that river is inhabited by numerous tribes, who furnish great supplies of furs and peltry to the trade of another nation. . . . An intelligent officer, with ten or twelve chosen men, fit for the enterprise . . . might explore the whole line, even to the Western Ocean, have conferences with the natives on the subject of commercial intercourse . . . agree on convenient deposits for an interchange of articles, and return with the information acquired. . . . While other civilized nations have encountered great expense to enlarge the boundaries of knowledge by undertaking voyages of discovery . . . our nation seems to owe to the same object, as well as to its own interests, to explore this, the only line of easy communication across the continent, and so directly traversing our own part of it. The interests of commerce place the principal object within the constitutional powers and care of Congress. . . . The appropriation of two thousand five hundred dollars, 'for the purpose of extending the external commerce of the United States,' . . . would cover the undertaking from notice." President Thomas Jefferson, secret message to Congress, January 1803 Which of the following broader ideas did Jefferson most directly seek to advance through his administration's policies?

The vision of the United States as an agricultural republic

"To the Commanders of armed vessels belonging to the United States: "WHEREAS it is declared by the act entitled 'An act for the protection of the commerce and seamen of the United States, against the Tripolitan cruisers,' That it shall be lawful fully to equip, officer, man, and employ such of the armed vessels of the United States, as may be judged requisite by the President of the United States, for protecting effectually the commerce and seamen thereof, on the Atlantic ocean, the Mediterranean and adjoining seas: and also, that it shall be lawful for the President of the United States to instruct the commanders of the respective public vessels, to subdue, seize, and make prize, of all vessels, goods, and effects, belonging to the Bey [Sultan] of Tripoli [in North Africa], or to his subjects. "THEREFORE, And in pursuance of the said statute, you are hereby authorized and directed to subdue, seize, and make prize, of all vessels, goods, and effects, belonging to the Bey of Tripoli, or to his subjects, and to bring or send the same into port, to be proceeded against and distributed according to law. "By command of the President of the United States of America." Thomas Jefferson, 1802 The rhetorical purpose expressed in the excerpt would most likely have been interpreted as promoting which of the following?

Using international commerce to expand United States influence

The United States House of Representatives responded to abolitionist agitation in the 1830s by

banning discussion of antislavery petitions

"The river Missouri, and the Indians inhabiting it, are not as well known as is rendered desirable by their connection with the Mississippi, and consequently with us. It is, however, understood, that the country on that river is inhabited by numerous tribes, who furnish great supplies of furs and peltry to the trade of another nation. . . . An intelligent officer, with ten or twelve chosen men, fit for the enterprise . . . might explore the whole line, even to the Western Ocean, have conferences with the natives on the subject of commercial intercourse . . . agree on convenient deposits for an interchange of articles, and return with the information acquired. . . . While other civilized nations have encountered great expense to enlarge the boundaries of knowledge by undertaking voyages of discovery . . . our nation seems to owe to the same object, as well as to its own interests, to explore this, the only line of easy communication across the continent, and so directly traversing our own part of it. The interests of commerce place the principal object within the constitutional powers and care of Congress. . . . The appropriation of two thousand five hundred dollars, 'for the purpose of extending the external commerce of the United States,' . . . would cover the undertaking from notice." President Thomas Jefferson, secret message to Congress, January 1803 The immediate diplomatic goal Jefferson sought through his proposal in the excerpt was most likely

extending United States influence over North America

"The river Missouri, and the Indians inhabiting it, are not as well known as is rendered desirable by their connection with the Mississippi, and consequently with us. It is, however, understood, that the country on that river is inhabited by numerous tribes, who furnish great supplies of furs and peltry to the trade of another nation. . . . An intelligent officer, with ten or twelve chosen men, fit for the enterprise . . . might explore the whole line, even to the Western Ocean, have conferences with the natives on the subject of commercial intercourse . . . agree on convenient deposits for an interchange of articles, and return with the information acquired. . . . While other civilized nations have encountered great expense to enlarge the boundaries of knowledge by undertaking voyages of discovery . . . our nation seems to owe to the same object, as well as to its own interests, to explore this, the only line of easy communication across the continent, and so directly traversing our own part of it. The interests of commerce place the principal object within the constitutional powers and care of Congress. . . . The appropriation of two thousand five hundred dollars, 'for the purpose of extending the external commerce of the United States,' . . . would cover the undertaking from notice." President Thomas Jefferson, secret message to Congress, January 1803 The activities Jefferson advocates in the message represent a departure from his earlier views on the

extent of federal government authority

"The river Missouri, and the Indians inhabiting it, are not as well known as is rendered desirable by their connection with the Mississippi, and consequently with us. It is, however, understood, that the country on that river is inhabited by numerous tribes, who furnish great supplies of furs and peltry to the trade of another nation. . . . An intelligent officer, with ten or twelve chosen men, fit for the enterprise . . . might explore the whole line, even to the Western Ocean, have conferences with the natives on the subject of commercial intercourse . . . agree on convenient deposits for an interchange of articles, and return with the information acquired. . . . While other civilized nations have encountered great expense to enlarge the boundaries of knowledge by undertaking voyages of discovery . . . our nation seems to owe to the same object, as well as to its own interests, to explore this, the only line of easy communication across the continent, and so directly traversing our own part of it. The interests of commerce place the principal object within the constitutional powers and care of Congress. . . . The appropriation of two thousand five hundred dollars, 'for the purpose of extending the external commerce of the United States,' . . . would cover the undertaking from notice." President Thomas Jefferson, secret message to Congress, January 1803 The fulfillment of the proposal in the excerpt would most immediately affect American Indians by

prompting American Indian resistance to United States expansion and bringing about new federal government efforts focused on control