Lecture quiz 24-28

Check all that occur to the kidneys as a result of aging.

-The kidneys decrease in size-Blood flow through the kidneys decreases-The kidneys become less responsive to ADH and aldosterone

Describe the age-related changes that occur in the female reproductive tract.

-vaginal wall thins -uterus shrinks

Complete each statement by using the appropriate word or phrase from the list

1. renal autoregulation 2. tubuloglomerular feedback. 3. juxtaglomerular apparatus 4. macula densa. 5. juxtaglomerular cells 6. myogenic mechanism. 7. afferent arteriole 8.angiotensin II

The onset of puberty in females typically begins between the ages of __________ and occurs __________ that in males.

11 and 13; earlier than

Arrange the following structures in the order that urine would flow from where it is formed in the kidney to where it is eliminated from the body: (1) ureter(2) renal pelvis(3) calyx(4) urinary bladder(5) urethra

3 2 1 4 5

Starting from the collecting duct, indicate the order in which urea molecules move to maintain the medullary concentration gradient. (1) ascending loop of Henle(2) distal convoluted tubule(3) interstitial fluid(4) collecting duct(5) descending loop of Henle

3, 5, 1, 2, 4

Which of the following events occur during ovulation?

A surge in LH causes the primary oocyte to complete the first meiotic division. Proteolytic enzymes break down the tissue surrounding the oocyte, causing the follicle to rupture. There is a surge in estrogen. A surge in LH causes the primary oocyte to complete the first meiotic division and proteolytic enzymes break down the tissue surrounding the oocyte, causing the follicle to rupture. All of these choices are correct.Correct

Which of the following pairs of structures are the most similar in function?

Distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct

Calculate the net filtration pressure, given the following values:

Glomerular capillary pressure = 80 mm HgBlood colloid osmotic pressure = 20 mm HgCapsular hydrostatic pressure = 10 mm Hg 50 mm Hg

Which of the following helps maintain a high solute concentration in the kidney medulla?

High urea concentration in medulla Active transport of solutes from the ascending loop of Henle Solutes transported across the basolateral membranes of the loop of Henle All of the choices are correct.

__________ are chemicals that are taken into the body and used to produce energy or provide building blocks for new molecules.

Nutrients

What is tubular reabsorption?

The process where the nephron returns water and some filtered molecules to the blood

What do the corpus luteum and placenta have in common?

They both produce progesterone and estrogen.

Which of the following statements about the ovaries is incorrect?

They produce human chorionic gonadotropin.

Which of the following events would occur when the environmental temperature is considerably lower than body temperature?

Vasoconstriction of the blood vessels of the skin

Which class of nutrients do we require the least of?

Vitamins

When sodium is actively transported from tubular cells to the interstitial fluid,

a Na+ concentration gradient is established between the tubule lumen and tubule cell.

Effects of aging on the kidneys include all of the following, except

an increased ability to eliminate uric acid and creatine from the blood.

Renin converts __________.

angiotensinogen to angiotensin I

The movement of fluid into Bowman's capsule is opposed by

capsular hydrostatic pressure.

Urine is prevented from flowing back into the ureters from the bladder by ________________.

compression of the ureteral openings

Aldosterone targets cells in the __________.

dct

Water is moved from the __________ into the capillaries of the vasa recta by way of the process of __________.

descending loop; osmosis

Kidney dialysis depends on the process of _____ to remove waste solutes from blood. Blood is run by a semipermeable membrane. On the other side of the membrane is a solution in which solutes that are normally recovered are _______, and those that must be removed are _______.

diffusion; present in normal concentrations; absent

Some lung cancers secrete large amounts of ADH. This causes increased water reabsorption in the

distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts.

Which of the following will increase metabolic rate?

excercise

Once inside the cells of the ascending limb, potassium and chloride cross the basal membrane into the interstitial fluid by the process of

facilitated diffusion.

In females, sympathetic impulses to the genitalia result in erectile tissue of the clitoris and vaginal opening becoming engorged with blood.

false

Substances that are cotransported into proximal convoluted tubule cells include

glucose molecules with sodium ions.

In order to regulate the pH of extracellular fluid, the kidneys are able to adjust the excretion of __________.

hydrogen ions

Surgical removal of smaller pituitary tumors can be accomplished by reaching the pituitary gland through the nose. This type of surgery accesses the gland from beneath, via the sphenoid sinus. Pituitary surgery can be difficult and occasionally results in loss of the posterior pituitary lobe. Because critical hormone-producing cell bodies are located in the hypothalamus, and not the pituitary gland, the hormone secreting axons can regrow, and patients usually recover after some time.

increase

Lasix is a diuretic that blocks the reabsorption of sodium in the ascending loop of Henle. The result of giving this drug would be __________.

increased urine output

Decreased blood colloid osmotic pressure affects renal function by

increasing net filtration pressure.

Aldosterone exerts its effect on the kidney tubules by

increasing the synthesis of the transport proteins for sodium.

Testosterone is produced by the

interstitial cells of the seminiferous tubules.

Voluntary micturition

involves higher brain centers.

Atrial natriuretic hormone

is secreted when atrial blood pressure increases.

Increased aldosterone causes increased

k secretion

The urge to urinate results from the ____________.

micturition reflex

Smooth muscle cells in the walls of the afferent and efferent arterioles dilate or constrict as needed in response to changes in blood pressure. This process of autoregulation is called the ____________________.

myogenic mechanism

Formation of filtrate depends on a __________.

pressure gradient

Most water is reabsorbed from the filtrate in the __________.

proximal convoluted tubule

The micturition reflex is initiated by the ____________.

stretching of the walls of the urinary bladder

Endometriosis is

the growth of endometrial cells OUTSIDE of the uterus.

The proximal convoluted tubule is

the site of glucose and amino acid reabsorption.

Click and drag each word or phrase on the left to complete the sentences on the right.

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