leja exam 2
Which of the following statements is NOT accurate about police officers and stress?
patrol officers report that they receive a lot of support from their superiors
Which of the following is true of the structure of the law enforcement system?
policing in the united states has always been highly localized
A ________ is a legal document permitting police to conduct a search or seizure or to arrest someone.
warrant
The peacekeeping system in which particular men were assigned the job of custodian and became responsible for patrolling the streets, lighting lanterns, serving as a lookout for fires, and generally keeping order is known as the ________.
watch system
The Supreme Court first articulated the exclusionary rule in the ________ case.
weeks v united states
Which of the following lists the policing eras from the oldest to the most recent in the correct order?
Slave patrols, English model, political era, and professional era
Marcie works for a private law firm but takes indigent clients on a case-by-case basis and is paid a set fee for representing those clients. Marcie is:
an assigned counsel
Which of the following emphasizes crime prevention and the development of positive relationships between the police and the public?
community policing
Which of the following is NOT a critique of community policing?
community policy improves the degree of civilianization
allows evidence to be admissible if its discovery was not related to any improper search or seizure.
independent source exception
On illegally entering Matthew's house to search for drugs, the police find evidence that Kristina is involved in a money-laundering scheme. Kristina does not live in Matthew's house. The evidence can be used against Kristina because she does not have:
standing
A state's high court is often called its ________ court.
supreme
Which of the following statements is true about the growth of private security in the United States?
There are an estimated three times more private security officers than public law enforcement officers.
When investigating a case of arson, Detective Rodriguez questions the crowd around the crime scene and believes one of the witnesses to be the culprit. He places the suspect under arrest. Arresting suspects falls under which function of policing?
enforcing the law
As their first job, newly appointed deputy sheriffs commonly serve a stint in ________.
county's jail facility
Two months after graduating from the police academy, Rookie Officer Pike starts patrolling the streets. On duty, he realizes that the police academy training was very different from the real world of policing. What do rookie police officers realize once they are on the job?
every action takes much longer to complete than it does in the academy
is/are the second leading cause of wrongful convictions.
false confessions
Support activities of police include all of the following EXCEPT:
follow up investigation
means there is a lack of coordination among law enforcement agencies.
fragmentation
The ________ system was the peacekeeping system in early England in which a group of 10 local families agreed to maintain the peace and make sure lawbreakers were taken into custody and brought to court.
frankpledge system
A ________ is a generally agreed-upon sentence for a defendant based on the crime and prior record.
going rate
is when police reasonably believe that the warrant or law authorizing a search or seizure is legitimate but it later turns out it is not.
good faith exception
About ________ of all calls to police result in the dispatch of a police officer.
half
The Supreme Court has ruled that judges must recuse themselves from deciding cases involving parties who(m):
have given them significant campaign contributions
Police officers still tend to dislike ________ calls, in part because they believe such incidents pose the greatest risk to their own safety.
intimate partner
Which of the following is a true statement about juries?
juries have been around for thousands of years
Which of the following is NOT a result of fragmentation?
One agency is well coordinated. Everyone in this agency knows their responsibilities and performs them as expected without any overlap of service.
The role of a defense attorney includes all of the following EXCEPT:
advising the police
Almost half of all policing agencies in the United States have fewer than ________ sworn officers.
10
Approximately how many cases does the U.S. Supreme Court hear each year?
100
When a police officer fails to provide equal protection, he is violating the ________ Amendment.
14th
During the ________, Black males began to enter police departments at meaningful levels.
1970s
How many federal district courts are present in the United States?
94
Which state police department developed CompStat?
New York
Which of the following statements is a FALSE statement about the background investigations of police applicants?
Background checks have always been reliable indicators of which individuals will become good officers.
What does the current research say about drug courts?
Drug courts tend to be effective for reducing drug use and recidivism for adults and youth.
________ is an example of enforcing the law.
Making an arrest
Which U.S. Supreme Court case helped to shape the role of the courts in the U.S. justice system by giving the Supreme Court the power of judicial review and the authority to interpret law?
Marbury v madison
Which of the following is a FALSE statement about the patterns of gang activity?
Rural areas have a higher percentage of gang members because youngsters have not much to do in these communities.
In ________, the Court recognized that on occasion police officers apply force that may eventually be determined unconstitutional yet remains protected by qualified immunity.
Saucier v. Katz
Which of the following lists the federal agencies in the correct order from those with the most number of employees to those with the least number of employees?
U.S. Customs and Border Protection, Federal Bureau of Prisons, U.S. Capitol Police, and USDA Forest Service
Which of the following statements is FALSE about appellate courts?
Witnesses testify to a panel of judges in appellate courts.
During the ________, local government leaders selected members of their party to be police officers as a reward for party loyalty. In this patronage system, it was whom the police knew, rather than what they knew, that was important.
political era of policing
Officer Lewis and Officer Thomas both received very little training when they were hired as police officers. Also, they noticed that their colleagues used force excessively and their department practiced "street justice" and physically punished suspects on the spot. Officer Lewis and Officer Thomas were hired during the ________.
political policing era
Most federal judges are nominated by the:
president
Informing suspects of their rights was seen as the only effective way to safeguard their privilege against:
self-incrimination
Justice Sonia Sotomayor was nominated by President Barack Obama. Who was responsible for confirming her nomination?
senate
Prosecutors have all of the following duties EXCEPT:
sentencing offenders
Michelle Jones, a suspect in a murder case, hires an attorney and turns herself over to the police, who formally arrest her. While waiting for her attorney at the police station, the detectives handling the case try to talk to Michelle about the murder. In this case, which amendment is being violated?
sixth
Most criminal cases are prosecuted in ________ courts.
state
Which of the following statements is FALSE about police corruption?
Police occupational subculture explains why some officers are corrupt and others are not.
Which of the following is true of the use of force?
The probability of using force and the amount of force significantly increase when the suspect is antagonistic.
Which of the following would be considered a private place according to Fourth Amendment standards?
a person's home
Jack works for the government and represents indigent defendants. Jack is:
a public defenderPublic defenders are:
Which of the following is a FALSE statement about the homeless?
all homeless people are unemployed
Which of the following is a part of elder abuse?
all of the above - abandonment - emotional abuse - physical abuse
Training curricula of a police academy include:
all of these
What affects the solvability of a crime?
all of these
A specialty court deals with:
all of these (drug offenders, mentally ill offenders, family law issues)
Why do police have the responsibility of enforcing traffic laws?
all of these answers are correct
Which of the following is an exception to the search warrant requirement?
all of these are exceptions to the search warrant requirement (incident to an arrest, automobile searches, terry stops)
John Jones loses his criminal case. He files an appellate brief with his state's intermediary court of appeals. John Jones is now the:
appellant
During a Terry stop, a police officer is allowed to do all of the following EXCEPT:
arrest an individual
Which of the following is NOT one of the duties of a judge?
arresting individuals when probable cause exists
is the exception that applies when the link between the unconstitutional acts and the evidence becomes weak due to intervening time or events.
attenuation
Sergeant Thomas is responsible for recruiting new police officers for his police department. His first step is:
attracting a sufficient number of applicants
Many studies by police departments have concluded that ________ drivers are disproportionately stopped by police.
black
Officer Blanc has seen her partner mistreat suspects and falsify police reports. Officer Blanc is unlikely to report the misbehavior of her partner because of:
blue code of silence
Defendants in ________ cases often are entitled to automatic, nondiscretionary appeals to the high court.
death penalty
________ is the fanning out of substations in various areas so that the police maintain a physical presence throughout the community.
decentralization of command
The judge in a criminal trial is responsible for all of the following EXCEPT:
deciding which jurors will serve on the jury
To appeal a conviction, the ________ files an appellate brief.
defendant
A ________ arrest is the arrest of both parties in a physical altercation instead of identifying and arresting only the primary aggressor.
dual
Public defenders are:
employed and paid by the government
Michelle Jones, a suspect in a murder case, hires an attorney and turns herself over to the police, who formally arrest her. While waiting for her attorney at the police station, the detectives handling the case try to talk to Michelle about the murder, and she confesses the location of the victim's dead body. At the same time as this conversation, other officers are digging in an open field in search of the victim's body. If the body is found, it will be allowed as evidence in this case because of the ________ exception.
inevitable discovery
The opposite of misconduct is:
integrity
Sometimes juries choose not to apply criminal laws when they feel doing so would be unjust. This is an example of:
jury nullification
Challenges in police officer recruiting include all of the following EXCEPT:
low attrition
Which of the following cases required that defendants must be informed of certain rights prior to custodial interrogation?
miranda v arizona
There is nothing more harmful to a law enforcement agency than:
officer misconduct
A subpoena
orders a witness to appear in court
Bobby Smith was hired as the police chief of Florida during the early 1900s because he personally knew the governor of Florida. After he started working on his job, Bobby only enforced the laws that benefited the governor of Florida. Based on the information in the scenario, Bobby belongs to the ________.
political era of policing
Police driving around certain neighborhoods in the night to keep a watch is an example of ________.
preventive patrols
are not limited by the Fourth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution unless they are acting at the request or demand of the government.
private security officers
A detective prepares the case for presentation to the ________, who reviews its worthiness for a court's scrutiny.
prosecutor
In New York City, the entire subway system shut down due to massive power outage. People who usually took the subway were stranded and had to find alternate transportation. Police provided assistance and directions to the people. The assistance by the police here is an example of:
providing a service
U.S. Customs and Border Protection and U.S. Immigration are responsible for all of the following EXCEPT:
providing security for federal judges.
The ________ is the array of calls for service awaiting handling.
queue
Who among the following is responsible for issuing an arrest warrant?
the judge
Wilson and Kelling's broken windows theory argues that there is a relationship between higher crime rates and:
the level of deterioration of a neighborhood.
John Jones loses his criminal case. He files an appellate brief with his state's intermediary court of appeals. Who will respond with a brief stating that no legal errors were made?
the prosecutor
Training requirements for local law enforcement agencies are usually determined by:
the state
The greatest influence on the decision to arrest is:
the victim's preference for arrest
Which of the following statements is true about the percentages of African Americans, Latinos, and women in the local law enforcement agencies as of 2007?
there are more african americans than latinos
Why were a large number of institutions for the mentally ill closed?
there were cuts made to federal health care funding
All of the following are ways that officers generally respond when they encounter a person whose behavior appears irrational EXCEPT:
transporting the individual to the police department where he will be counseled to diffuse the situation.
is the requirement that each individual within an organization reports directly to a single individual higher in the chain of command.
unity of command
A ________ is a group of people called to be prospective jurors.
venire
John, William, and Abraham were residents who organized themselves to punish people who were deemed to be outlaws during the 1800s. Based on the scenario, John, William, and Abraham are called
vigilantes
The ________ test established by the Supreme Court means that confessions are inadmissible unless made willingly.
voluntariness
