Life120 Chapter 4
Eukaryotic cells, such as _________ , ___________ membrane-bound organelles. Prokaryotic cells, such as ___________ , ___________ membrane-bound organelles. Ribsomes are found in _____________ .
-animal cells -contain -bacteria -do not contain -both eukaryotes and prokaryotes
TRUE/FALSE A cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a(n). green algae cell
TRUE
Final protein refinements, storage, and packaging occur ________. a. in the Golgi apparatus b. in the rough endoplasmic reticulum c. in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum d. in the cytoplasm
a. in the Golgi apparatus
Ribosomes are directly associated with which process? a. Translocation b. Transcription c. Translation d. Replication
c. translation
What would the correct pathway of synthesis for an intermembrane protein (a protein that will be embedded in the plasma membrane)? An intermembrane protein must be synthesized on ribosomes in the rough Endoplasmic Reticulum and transported ["in a lysosome", "in a vesicle", "in a peroxisome"] to the ["smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum", "rough Endoplasmic Reticulum", "cis Golgi", "trans Golgi", "plasma membrane"] before it can be transported ["on the interior of a vesicle", "in the membrane of a vesicle", "on a transport protein", "on a ribosome"] before reaching the plasma membrane. An enzyme (a protein) that is involved with the breakdown of glucose in the cytoplasm would be synthesized on ribosomes attached to the rough ER .
-on ribosomes in the rough Endoplasmic Reticulum -in a vesicle -cis Golgi -in the membrane of a vesicle -on free ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
What is the appropriate order of steps from synthesis to secretion from the cell? 1. Starting with synthesis in the _________ Endoplasmic Reticulum 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Secreted into the bloodstream.
-rough -vesicle -Golgi -vesicle -plasma membrane
Why are these carbohydrate side chains located in the hydrophilic region of the plasma membrane and not the hydrophobic region of the plasma membrane? Explain your answer in 1-2 complete sentences.
Carbohydrates are hydrophilic so it would make sense that they are on the hydrophilic region of the plasma membrane so that they are near the aqueous solutions.
TRUE/FALSE A cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a(n). a strain of E. coli
FALSE
TRUE/FALSE Steroid molecules are a type of protein.
FALSE
TRUE/FALSE Steroid molecules cannot freely move through the blood stream because they are hydrophilic.
FALSE
WHICH ORGANELLE? Antibodies (proteins that attach to foreign cells) produced by blood plasma cells are most likely synthesized starting in this organelle.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
TRUE/FALSE A cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a(n) skin cell of a pig.
TRUE
TRUE/FALSE A cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a(n). leaf cell of a tomato
TRUE
TRUE/FALSE A cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a(n). yeast cell.
TRUE
TRUE/FALSE Steroid molecules are synthesized in the smooth ER.
TRUE
TRUE/FALSE Steroid molecules cannot freely move through the cytoplasm because they are insoluble.
TRUE
Which organelle functions to break down and recycle large molecules? a. Lysosome b. Golgi apparatus c. Ribosome d. Chloroplast
a. lysosome
Which animal cell organelle contains enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen? a. peroxisome b. lysosome c. Golgi apparatus d. vacuole e. mitochondrion
a. peroxisome
The nuclear lamina is a netlike array of filaments on the inner side of the nuclear membrane. If a method were found that could cause the lamina to fall into disarray, what would you expect to be the most likely immediate consequence? a. inability of the nucleus to keep out destructive chemicals b. a change in the shape of the nucleus c. the loss of all nuclear function d. the inability of the nucleus to divide during cell division e. closure of nuclear pores disrupting transport of materials into and out of the nucleus
b. a change in the shape of the nucleus
Identify the prokaryotic organism. a. Plant b. Bacteria c. Animal d. Fungus
b. bacteria
A protein has just been synthesized into the lumen of the rough ER. As it leaves the ER and moves through the endomembrane system, what is the next structure that it will be found in? a. golgi apparatus b. transport vesicle c. cytoplasm d. plasma membrane e. nucleus
b. transport vesicle
Which of the following is not located in the nucleus? a. Chromosomes b. DNA c. Endoplasmic reticulum d. Nucleolus
c. Endoplasmic reticulum
Where are ribosomes located? a. On the rough endoplasmic reticulum only b. On the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and in the cytoplasm c. On the rough endoplasmic reticulum and in the cytoplasm d. In the cytoplasm only
c. On the rough endoplasmic reticulum and in the cytoplasm
Which of the following statements correctly describes some aspect of protein secretion from prokaryotic cells? a. The mechanism of protein secretion in prokaryotes is probably the same as that in eukaryotes. b. In prokaryotes, the ribosomes that are used for the synthesis of secreted proteins are located outside of the cell. c. Proteins that are secreted by prokaryotes are synthesized on ribosomes that are bound to the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane. d. Prokaryotes are unlikely to be able to secrete proteins because they lack an endomembrane system.
c. Proteins that are secreted by prokaryotes are synthesized on ribosomes that are bound to the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane.
Which organelle is the primary site of ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells? a. peroxisome b. lysosome c. mitochondrion d. Golgi apparatus e. vacuole
c. mitochondrion
Which organelle is the primary site of ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells? a. peroxisome b. lysosome c. mitochondrion d. Golgi apparatus e. vacuole
c. mitochondrion
Which organelle often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell? a. Golgi apparatus b. lysosome c. vacuole d. mitochondrion e. peroxisome
c. vacuole
WHICH ORGANELLE? If this organelle was damaged, the cell would have difficulty storing water.
central vacuole
WHICH ORGANELLE? Photoautotrophs rely on this organelle for food energy.
chloroplasts
Which type of organelle or structure is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils, phospholipids, and steroids? a. contractile vacuole b. ribosome c. mitochondrion d. smooth endoplasmic reticulum e. lysosome
d. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
As cell size decreases, the a. volume and surface area increase b. volume and surface area decreases c. volume stays the same, surface area decreases d. volume increases proportionally more than surface area. e. volume decreases proportionally more than surface area.
e. volume decreases proportionally more than surface area.
WHICH ORGANELLE? Macrophages, cells that scavenge and break down pathogens, would likely contain many of these organelles.
lysosome
WHICH ORGANELLE? Muscle cells are likely to contain a large number of these organelles in order to perform their function efficiently.
mitochondria
WHICH ORGANELLE? Highly condensed nucleic acids are stored and synthesized in this organelle.
nucleus
Cells that manufacture the protein in human hair are likely to contain a lot of _________ , and cells that coat the skin and hair in oils likely contain a lot of _________ . Bacteria and fungi that live on human skin both have a _________ , but only the bacteria will contain _____________ . A friend-of-a-friend recently told you about a spa treatment they sell where they wrap their hair and skin in fresh seaweed leaves. After politely declining, you graciously accept a free sample of the product. If you were to look at these seaweed plant cells under a microscope you are NOT likely to find any ___________ .
rough ER smooth ER a cell wall circular chromosomes lysosomes