Linux Processes

When there are multiple background processes executing in the shell, the jobs command indicates the most recent one with a(n) ____ symbol.

+

To display an entire list of processes across all terminals and including daemons, you can add the ____ option to any ps command.

-e

To display a list of "at" Job IDs, you can specify the ____ option to the "at" command:

-l

When viewing process information in the /proc subdirectory for the process, the ____ file tells you the command used to start the process.

cmdline

Processes are started with a nice value of ____ by default.

0

The standard nice level is ____, which indicates that a process has equal priority with all other processes that have not had their nice level altered.

0

The init process is assigned a process ID number of ____.

1

A system process that is not associated with a terminal is called a(n) ____.

daemon

What is the name given to a process not associated with a terminal?

daemon process

After a background process has been started, it can be moved to the foreground by using the ____ command.

fg

The term used to describe a process spawning or initiating another process is referred to as_____.

forking

Which process will always have a PID of 1 and a PPID of 0?

init

A runaway process that is faulty and consuming mass amounts of system resources ________.

is a rogue process

A zombie process is one that

is no longer in existence, though the Linux kernel still maintains information as if it were.

Which command can be used to see processes running in the background?

jobs

You can use the ____ option to ps to display the relationship between different processes, showing which processes start other processes.

k

How are processes started?

All of the above

The command ps -A xo comm will display the following information:

All processes running on the system, including those with no controlling terminal, with the command-line field displayed for each one

You can use the ____ key combination to suspend a job that the shell is busy running.

Ctrl+z

If the ps command is entered without any options, which fields are displayed?

PID, TTY, TIME, and CMD

In the ps command, the ____ field shows the amount of RAM currently used by the process.

RSS

The ___kill signal stops a process then restarts it with the same PID.

SIGHUP

When applications run into difficulties gaining resources during execution and stop functioning, restarting the process using a(n) ____ often solves this problem.

SIGHUP

The ____ kill signal terminates a process by taking the process information in memory and saving it to a file called core on the hard disk in the current working directory.

SIGQUIT

In ps output, the ____ field tells you when a process began running.

START

In ps output, the ____ field provides a cumulative measure of the amount of CPU time consumed by a process.

TIME

The _____ field in the ps command output defines how much cumulative CPU time a process has used since it was launched.

TIME

The CMDLINE field of the ps command output displays:

The command line used to start the process shown on each line

When you run the ps command, how are daemon processes recognized?

There is a question mark in the TTY column.

How can you bypass the wait function and send a user process to the background?

You can use the Ctrl+z key combination and the bg command.

The killall command terminates _________.

all instances of a process with the same name

The ____ option to ps selects processes by PID number; to view information on a single process, enter its PID number as a value after the option.

b

Which of the following sends the job with job number 1 to the background?

bg %1

When killing a background job with the kill command, you must prefix the background job IDs by a(n) ____.

%

When you append a(n) ____ to a command, the command is run in a background process.

&

Running background processes using the ____ command allows you to exit your command line shell without ending any background processes.

nohup

Every process has a process ID and a_______.

parent process ID

In the output of the ps -l command, the ____ column is the most valuable to systems administrators because it indicates what the process is currently doing.

process state

Which command lists processes started by jtaylor?

ps --user jtaylor

Which of the following commands is invalid if run by a regular user?

renice -10 1035

Which of the following commands will most likely increase the chance of a process receiving more time slices?

renice -12

When interacting with top, the ____ command changes the automatic update interval.

s

To update the process data displayed by the top command, you would press which key?

spacebar

How is the top command normally started?

top

Which command is used to gain real-time information about processes running on the system with the most processor-intensive processes listed at the beginning of the list?

top

All processes in Linux, except the init process (PID 1) are created

when another process forks.

The ____ option to the ps command displays all processes that do not run on terminals, but not processes that run on terminals.

x

A ____ process is a process that is no longer active but the Linux kernel is still maintaining information about the process and allocating resources to it.

zombie

Using the nice command without any options gives the process a nice level of ____.

10

Nice values are used to affect process priorities using a range between _____________.

19 and 20

You can execute ____ main types of Linux commands.

3

There are ____ different kill signals that the kill command can send to a certain process.

64

What kill level signal cannot be trapped?

9