LSS Practice exams
A Lean Six Sigma team at a small size real estate company is considering investing its carryover funds of $500,000 in a downtown parking lot development. The team estimates that the company will make $70,000 in a year. Another alternative is to invest $500,000 in a mutual fund with 10% interest. What is the Net Present Value of the downtown parking lot development investment?
$18,181
A shoe manufacturing firm learned through a Lean Six Sigma project their boot soles could be made of a different material requiring two less steps in the process. Removal of these two steps yielded a monthly cost savings of $7,500. Therefore the reported financial savings for this LSS project were _____________.
$7500x12 months = $90,000
Describe the three types of feedback loops. (None, Special only, Common and Special cause)
-No feedback loop: A process without a feedback loop will deteriorate and decay due to entropy. -Special cause only feedback loop: A process in which all feedback is treated as special will exhibit a doubling or explosion in the variation of its output. -Special and common cause feedback loop: A process in which feedback is statistically recognized as common or special will experience improvement of its output.
A Black Belt is tasked to calculate a code from the following computer processors' width distribution. What is the mode? 0.258, 0.268, 0.258, 0.256, 0.251, 0.251, 0.259, 0.257, 0.258, 0.252, 0.258, 0.253
.258
A Lean Six Sigma consulting team is commissioned to evaluate a manufacturing process effectiveness. The team needs to calculate Rolled Throughput Yield (RTY) of the process steps with respective yields: step 1 (87%), step 2 (67%) and step 3 (54%)?
.87 x .67 x .54=.314766
A Black Belt is conducting a study of a process with exponential distribution. The mean is 0.235. What is the standard deviation?
0.235
Describe the roles and responsibilities of a process owner.
1. A Process Owner has the authority to change a process. 2. A Process Owner should be identified and designated early in a Six Sigma project. 3. A Process Owner is responsible for managing and holding the gains for the improved process, and for improving and innovating the process in the future. 4. A Process Owner empowers people in the process. 5. A Process Owner works with the project team. (This can also be a champion role.) 6. A Process Owner coordinates team logistics. . (This can also be a MBB or BB role.) 7. A Process Owner negotiates resources for team. . (This can also be a champion role.) 8. A Process Owner links process and organizational objectives. 9. A Process Owner understands their process' capability and its relationship to the organization. 10. A Process Owner ensures that customer's needs take priority. (This is also mainly the responsibility of the top executives of an organization.) 11. A Process owner optimizes the entire process, not just component of the process.
A Green Belt is tasked by a Master Black Belt to calculate the takt time for 36 disability eligibility determination intake applications which need to be processed in 1020 minutes. The green belt correctly calculates the takt time to be:
1020/36=28.3
A 2^3 full factorial design with 2 replications per cell requires _____ runs.
16
A newly hired Green Belt was tasked by his supervising Black Belt to calculate Cp. He was given incomplete information showing that USL is 7.2 and Specification Range is 4.3. How much is LSL?
2.9
According to Pareto principle 80% of an undesired outcome arises from what possible percent of causes?
20%
A Black Belt decided to conduct a full factorial experiment to better understand how temperature, pressure and oven metal type affect quality of banana bread baking. All factors have 2 levels. How many runs are needed?
2^3= 8
A Six Sigma process produces _______ defects per million opportunities:
3.4
A battery manufacturer was considering changing suppliers for a particular part. The purchasing manager required that the average cost of the part be less than or equal to $32 in order to stay within budget. A sample of the 32 initial deliveries had a Mean of the new product upgrade price of $28 with an estimated Standard Deviation of $3. Based on the data provided, the Z value for the data assuming a Normal Distribution is?
32-28/3= 1.33
A Black Belt tasked a junior Yellow Belt to calculate the Cp of an energy drink producing process with a tolerance of 5 (LSL) and 5.30 (USL) and SD 0.045. Data is normal and the process is stable. What is Cp
5.30-5=.3/6*.045= 1.11
A Lean Six Sigma team uses return on investment (ROI) calculation to determine whether to launch a project. Estimated cost is $136,000. The savings from the project are expected at $540,570. What is the ROI?
540,570/136,000=3.97x100= 397%
In a normally distributed data 1 standard deviation on each side of the mean would include ________ of the total data?
68.2%
A Black Belt presented a failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) on an SQL database management process. The risk priority number (RPN) for the process is 72. Occurrence and detection are both 3. How much is severity?
72/(3x3)=8
There are _ steps in the kaizen philosophy
8
Describe the roles and responsibilities of a black belt.
A Black Belt is a full-time change agent who may not be an expert in the process under study. A Black Belt serves as team leader. A Black Belt is a master of the DMAIC model. A Black Belt provides guidance and training to team members. A Black Belt helps the team refine a project charter (assumes Champion / Process Owner drafted the initial charter) A Black Belt interfaces with the champion and MBB. A Black Belt leads the project team. A Black Belt helps the team analyze data and design experiments. A Black Belt provides training in tools and team functions. A Black Belt helps the team prepare for reviews. A Black Belt recommends strategic Six Sigma projects. A Black Belt leads and coaches Green Belts leading lower-level teams.
Describe the roles and responsibilities of a champion.
A Champion should be a member of the Executive Committee, or at least a trusted direct report of a member of the Executive Committee. Champions take a very active sponsorship and leadership role in implementing Six Sigma projects. A Champion translates strategic measures into a project (coordinates with Executive Committee). A Champion selects the team leader . A Champion develops and negotiates the project charter. A Champion removes obstacles to the project. A Champion obtains resources and helps the team control the budget. A Champion reviews team progress. A Champion helps keep the team focused. A Champion assures use of Six Sigma methods and tools. Champion is the liaison between executive management and the project leader.
Describe the roles and responsibilities of a Green Belt.
A Green Belt is a part-time (25%) project leader or member and provides most of the functions of a Black Belt (team leader) for lower-level project teams. Green Belts are the "work horses" of strategic Six Sigma Management efforts. Most managers should be or become Green Belts. For lower level teams, a Green BeltRefines a draft project charter (process owners and champions should coauthor the first draft) Reviews the draft charter with Champion Selects team members Facilitates the team Communicates with the Champion and other stakeholders of the process Analyzes data Provides training in basic tools Coordinates team efforts with higher level teams Completes documentation Completes the control plan Spreads the lessons learned
Describe the roles and responsibilities of a Master black belt
A Master Black Belt is a proven leader and change agent for Six Sigma management. A Master Black Belt provides technical expertise in Six Sigma management. Teaches Black Belts and Green Belts. Mentors Black Belts and Green Belts. Coordinates several Black Belt projects simultaneously. Improves and innovates the Six Sigma process. Counsels top management on Six Sigma management.
Explain the term "SIPOC analysis."
A SIPOC analysis is a simple tool for identifying the Suppliers and their Inputs into a Process, the high level steps of a process, the Outputs of the process, and the Customers (market) segments interested in the outputs.
1. In a nutshell, LSS is considered: A business improvement strategy An elimination of mistakes and defects A focus on critical customer items A concentrated focus on business outputs
A business improvement strategy
Explain the purpose of a pilot test.
A pilot test serves four purposes. First, it validates a revised best practices method. Second, it highlights the risks (e.g., FMEA) involved in using the revised best practice method. Third, it promotes a smooth implementation of the revised best practice method. Finally, it facilitates buy-in by the stakeholders of revised best practice method
Define a process
A process is the vehicle for transforming inputs into outputs
1. What is a standard work combination table? A tool used to help management determine work load requirements A table used for the team to organization lottery purchases A table that illustrates how, when and where everyone should be A tool to provide the work team with a sequence of actions and activities
A tool to provide the work team with a sequence of actions and activities
Explain how the standard order matrix for a 2^3 full factorial design is used to estimate the effects of one main factor on the CTQ.
Add up the values of the CTQ for which the X is +, then add up the values of the CTQ for which X is -, finally, divide the difference of the sums by the number of plus signs.
When analyzing sample data a Belt may experience a Bimodal Distribution with each mode displaying Normal Distribution. This could be caused by a. Two different machines being read b. Two operators on different shifts c. Two suppliers parts being used. d. All these are correct answers
All of these are correct answers
What is the purpose of an operational definition
An operational definition promotes effective communication between people by putting communicable meaning into an adjective.
A 2^3 full factorial design attempts to prevent the effect of lurking variables by a) replication b) randomization c) interaction d) none of the above
B. randomization
Who is known as the "Father of Six Sigma"?
Bill Smith
Which of the models are part of the Toyota Way? A. Based on challenge, Kaizen, respect, teamwork, genchi/gembitsu B. Based on Philosophy, Process, People and Partners, Problem Solving Both a and b Neither a or b
Both a & b
Define "CTQ." Relate your answer to a SIPOC analysis
CTQ stands for Critical to Quality characteristic. It is a characteristic of a process, product or service that is critical to the satisfaction of a stakeholder.
What should one think about when determining the 5S shine targets?
Cleanliness
Control limits come from: Supplier capability Engineering specifications Common cause process variations Customer specifications
Common cause process variation
1. When comparing push vs pull, who or what is doing the push? The cycle time The customer Company management Takt time
Company management
1. The right hand side of a completed house of quality displays rankings and values for: Design feature measurements and importance Customer needs and deisres Design feature interactions Competitive assessment or comparisons
Competitive assessment or comparisons
A Green Belt is tasked by a supervising Black Belt to determine whether 4 types of defects occur independently of 3 classes of products. Which test is the Green Belt likely to use?
Contingency tables
Explain the function of control charts in the Control phase of the DMAIC model.
Control charts are important in the Control Phase of the DMAIC model because they can be used to monitor stability of the Xs and the CTQs. Also, control charts promote process monitoring and work towards the elimination of mass inspection methods.
Which of the following belong to 7 deadly muda?
Conveyance
A Master Black Belt explained to a Green Belt that one of the following conditions does not need to be met to perform linear regression analysis :
Curvilinear relationship between dependent and independent variables
Performance of the system is limited by the strength of the weakest link. This is the basic definition of
DPMO
1. The symbol on value stream map used to hold information such as cycle time: Information flow Data Box Supermarket Kaizen burst
Data box
A Belt utilized a diamond symbol in a Process Map she created for the process that was subject to her LSS project. By use of the diamond symbol she was showing a(n) _______________ point in the process.
Decision
1. What is red tagging used for in a 5S workplace? Declining places that need cleaning Identify the lazy, unorderly team members Identify teams that require a team decision for action Declaring a workplace quarantine
Declaring a workplace quarantine
Give an example of a project charter. Label each of the 5 parts of the project charter.
Decrease (direction) of the number of customer complaints (CTQ measure) caused by at-home repairs (process) from 20 per day to 0 per day (CTQ target) by March 1, 2004 (deadline).
1. Which of the following is not a benefit of 5S? Reduce waste Improve safety Improve profitability Decrease quality
Decrease quality
Categories of a Pareto Chart are often:
Defects, errors, or causes of defects and errors
1. Which of the following would not be considered waste? Reworking a revised process after installations Breakdown of equipment Design reviews Uneven scheduling of work
Design reviews
In measurement system analysis (MSA) reproducibility refers to:
Different appraisers measuring the same part with the same measurement device getting the same result
Explain the purpose of documentation in Six Sigma management.
Documentation has at least 4 purposes in Six Sigma. First, it provides a permanent record of the project and details for the future owner of the process. Second, it ensures that the improvement and rationale is documented so that the problem does not come back. Third, it ensures that the knowledge gained by the team is saved and shared. Finally, it documents vital information about the project from which others can benefit.
A Black Belt conducted a study to determine the effect of bonus pay on employee performance evaluation scores at a car manufacturing company. After running a correlation test she discovered that r equaled -0.78. She concluded that:
Employee performance seems to suffer with bonuses
Give examples of classification attribute data.
Examples of classification attribute data: classifying employees by department, classifying cars by makers, and so on. Each example is classification attribute data because items are classified into one of two or more categories.
Give examples of count (area of opportunity) attribute data.
Examples of count attribute data: number of union grievances per week, number of type errors in a page, number of chocolate chips in a cookie. Each example is count attribute data because it is from counts of the number of occurrences per unit.
Give examples of measurement data.
Examples of measurement data: cycle time, weight, and temperature. Measurement data are continuous data.
1. What is the most difficult limitation in achieving continuous flow? Middle management involvement Existing equipment Untrained employees Employee culture
Existing equipment
What is the most difficult limitation in achieving continuous flow? Middle management, existing equipment, untrained employees, employee culture
Existing equipment
From the Cost of Quality point processing customer complaints and customer returns are:
External failure costs
Which of the following is not one of the seven basic quality control tools: a) Check sheet b) Histogram c) FMEA d) Pareto chart
FMEA
A Black Belt conducted a hypothesis testsetting α at 0.05. He found that p-value is 0.65. What is an appropriate conclusion?
Fail to reject null hypothesis
Which of the following is a pictogram of a root cause analysis
Fishbone diagram
A Six Sigma team is tasked to identify a faulty step in an application intake and eligibility determination process. The most appropriate tool the team should use to better understand the process is:
Flow chart
A large beer brewery commissioned a Lean Six Sigma training provider DMAIC LTD to provide free Six Sigma training for its quality management division employees. The whole training project is planned to proceed in 7 phases over the course of 6 months. Which is the most appropriate tool to track the progress of the six sigma training project?
Gantt chart
The Root cause analysis is required by what organization after a sentinel event?
Health department
1. The main focus of lean enterprise is: Improving consistency Reducing variation Increasing variation Increasing variation
Improving consistency
A Six Sigma team evaluated data from a manufacturing process and determined that the scale which needs to be used needs to have the following attributes: data can be arranged in an order with meaningful differences and without an absolute zero value. Which scale is the Six Sigma team referring to?
Interval
Provide a non-technical definition for "Six Sigma" management.
It is an organizational initiative designed to create breakthrough improvements in manufacturing, service and administrative processes.
What is true regarding Pareto charts?
It is known for seperating the vital few from the useful many
Which approach would you use when implementing DMAIC for a project which is intended to be completed in a week or less?
Kaizen
A production scheduling system which operates as a "pull" system and relies on signaling cards to initiate a production process is called:
Kanban
An acronym TIMWOOD is associated with:
Key concepts in the Toyota Production System
DMV commissioned a Lean Six Sigma study to identify what causes long wait in lines. A Master Black Belt consultant collected data and was planning to conduct one way ANOVA test. She realized that normality can't be safely assumed. Which nonparametric test can she use instead?
Kruskal-Wallace Test
Six Sigma teams go through all these team stages except: a) Leveraging b) Performing c) Storming d) Forming
Leveraging
A Green Belt needs to use ____________ to determine the effect on an output caused by variation in a single input:
Linear regression analysis
1. Positive outcomes of improved healthcare processes include all of the following except: Improved patient throughput Higher employees involvement Longer waits for effective care Reduced LOS
Longer waits for effective care
W. Edwards Deming was most critical of the performance of which of the following?
Management
In the Lean Six Sigma DMAIC methodology the following is normally used in the "measure" phase?
Measurement Systems Analysis (MSA)
___________ is a statistical software package most often used in conjunction with Lean Six Sigma process improvement projects.
Minitab
Explain the purpose of "mistake proofing."
Mistake proofing is used to create "robust steps" in a process or service, or components of a product, denoted as Xs, which are not susceptible to human error.
A manager who is unenlightened in Six Sigma is most likely going to focus on which of the six M's of a cause and effect diagram?
Mother nature
The origin of Six Sigma is conventionally attributed to the following company:
Motorola
In an "X" Sifting exercises a Belt will use a(n) _______________ to assist in isolating families of variation that may exist within a subgroup, between subgroups or vary over time..
Multi-vari chart
A ____________________ is used to create a model of the affect on an output by the variation in two or more of the inputs.
Multiple Regression
An innovative governmental agency initiated a Lean Six Sigma project. A study was conducted which pointed to existence of Temporal and Cyclical variation. Positional variation was not found. What type of study or analysis was likely conducted?
Multivari Study
Define must-be, one way, and attractive quality that can result from a Kano survey
Must-be- User satisfaction is not proportional to the performance of the feature. The lower the performance, the lower the user satisfaction, but high performance creates feelings of indifference to the feature. One-way - User satisfaction is proportional to the performance of the feature; the less performance the less user satisfaction, and the more performance, the more user satisfaction. Attractive - User satisfaction is not proportional to the performance of the feature; low levels of performance create feelings of indifference to the feature, but high levels of performance create feelings of delight to the feature.
When measuring the level of confounding in the context of experimental design the following characteristics describe Resolution IV except:
No two-factor interactions are confounded with other two-factor interactions
What significance level do Six Sigma practitioners commonly accept as a risk of committing Type I error: a) 0.5 b) 0.005 c) 5 d) None of the above
None of the above
1. An xbar R chart was prepared for an operation using 20 samples with five pieces in sample. Xbar was found to be 33.6 and R bar was 6.2. During production a sample of five were taken and the pieces were measured 36,43, 37,25 and 38. At the time sample was taken: Only the average was outside control Only the range was outside control Both the range and average were within control limits Neither the average or range were outside control limits
Only the range was outside control
A Lean Six Sigma team at an HR department is analyzing employee performance evaluation scores. Employee scores are grouped in high performing (rating of 3.5 through 5), average performing (2.9 through 3.5) and low performing (under 2.9) groups. The scores grouped as high, average and low performing groups represent which type of data?
Ordinal
A Six Sigma team identified that the calculator frame production process produced sooner or faster or in greater quantity than is needed by the next operation. What type of muda did the Six Sigma identify :
Overproduction
When in the process of trying to identify the Critical X's for a LSS project a Belt creates a(n) _____________ because frequently it is 20% of the inputs that have an 80% impact on the output.
Pareto Chart
A Green Belt conducts a frequency analysis with a bar chart and finds that intake staff's policy and procedure awareness and unnecessary hard copy filing account for 80% of the delay in the application review process. What type of analysis did the Green belt most likely used?
Pareto analysis
___________ is the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is false.
Power
This formula is used to calculate a Z score that, with the appropriate table, can tell a Belt what
Proportion of the data is between X and μ
1. Flow charts do all the following except: Provide a graphical presentation of process Identify non value added steps Display customer supplier relationship Provide a written narrative view of the process
Provide a written narrative view of the process
A service has 4 steps and each step has only one opportunity for a defect. The yield of step 1 is 0.99, the yield of step 2 is 0.95, the yield of step 3 is 0.99, and the yield of step 4 is 0.97. The four steps are independent of each other. What is the rolled throughput yield (RTY), the DPO, the DPMO, and the process sigma?
RTY=.99x.95x.99x.97=.903 DPO=1.0-RTY=.097 DPMO=97,000Process Sigma=approx 2.8
Why randomize runs in an experimental design.
Randomization is done in experimental designs to remove the effects of lurking variables.
Which of the following is the best example of a project goal statement?
Reduce the number of falls in the Medline Facility by 50% before June 30
1. Which of the following operations would benefit most form Kanban system application? One of a kind production operations Repetitive production operations Service operations Hospital emergency departments
Repetitive production operations
1. Which of the following operations would benefit most from a Kanban system application? One of a kind operations, repetitive production operations, service operations, hospital emergency departments.
Repetitive production operations
As a Belt completes a LSS project she creates for the Process Owner a Control Plan. The ________________ portion of the Control Plan details the actions to be taken when the KPI's indicate they may be moving outside acceptable limits.
Response Plan
1. Which questions are not ideal for visual display? Results of individual appraisals conducted by supervisor Is the work area organized? What is the current state of the process? How should the job be performed?
Results of individual appraisals conducted by supervisor
Before running a statistical analysis a Black Belt explains to a junior Lean Six Sigma team member that every Chi Square distribution is characterized by these 2 properties:
Right skew and degree of skew decreasing with increasing degrees of freedom
A Lean Six Sigma team led by a Master Black Belt is trying to drastically reduce the time it takes to complete equipment changeovers at a car manufacturing factory. Which Lean Six Sigma tool is best suited for this objective?
SMED
When conducting Hypothesis Analysis a Belt must use the formula shown to determine if a certain value is between - 1 and + 1 which will lead to a conclusion relative to the hypothesis. The value calculated by this formula is the ________________________ .
Sample Correlation Coefficient
Which 5S involves red-tagging potentially unwanted items?
Sort
1. What does lean add to six sigma? Waste, Rework, Speed, Volume
Speed
Explain why standardization is such an important part of Six Sigma.
Standardization of a process creates a known best practice flowchart that can be improved by one or more employees, perhaps a Six Sigma project team
In the Control Phase of a LSS project a Belt will identify key metrics that can be monitored and analyzed to give an indication that a process may be moving towards an out of spec condition. When he applies this approach he is using __________________.
Statistical Process Control
A Belt has used the 5S approach of Lean to set up a control method with frequently used tools organized as shown in this graphic. The Belt has applied the ______________ principle of 5S.
Straightening
Which process flow chart makes it easy to study handoffs b/w people and/or work groups in a process?
Swim lane
When a Belt is developing a Macro Process Map to define a complex process he will frequently include activities across various department to capture all the appropriate activity. He will use _____________ to show which department is responsible for which steps in the process.
Swim lanes
Which of the following is not a formula for the defects per opportunity (DPO) calculation: a) TOP/D b) D/(U*O) c) DPU/O d) D/TOP
TOP/D
List the steps involved in developing a "risk abatement" plan.
Team members construct risk abatement plans for risk elements with high and medium risk elements; that is, a risk element score of 16 to 25. Team members identify process, product or service changes to reduce the risk for each high and medium risk element (Xs). Next, team members estimate the risk element score after the risk abatement plan is set into motion. Team members identify the risk element owner and set a completion date for the risk abatement plan to become operational. Finally, team members document the risk abatement plans.
A Master Black Belt ran a correlation test on employee performance scores and bonus pay. The test returned a coefficient of -0.113. What is the most likely interpretation?
The coefficient is inconclusive
Explain the purpose of a QC process chart.
The purpose of a QC process chart is to monitor implementation of revised best practice method.
Explain the purpose of "risk management."
The purpose of risk management is to maintain control and minimize the risk of failure of product, service or process by using risk abatement plans.
According to the central limit theorem regardless of the shape of the population, the sampling distribution of the mean is approximately normal if:
The sample size is sufficiently large
QFD is a planning process for products and services. It starts with: A Competitive intelligence B The voice of the customer C A relationship matrix D Quality specifications
The voice of the customer
A Green Belt run a correlation test on the following two variables: N of staff meetings held and staff's performance scores. The correlation coefficient turned out to be 0.754. What can be inferred from this number?
There is a strong positive statistical association between two variables
The Navy is trying to address a problem of declining number of new recruits. A study commissioned by the Navy recruitment office found that there is a sharp demographic decline among the males aged 18 through 25 years. A Lean Six Sigma team will most likely enter this finding in SWOT analysis as:
Threat
Explain the origin of the "6" and "3.4" in Six Sigma management.
Through the continuous process improvement, the variation of process is reduced. Thus, the relationship between Voice of Customer and Voice of Process moves to a better level, Voice of Process is half the Voice of Customer, that is --- the process improves from a 3- sigma process to a 6-sigma process. 1.5 sigma shift in the mean results in 3.4 DPMO.
In the control phase of a Six Sigma project focusing on attribute defects data using a variable sample size, team members need to use _________.
U chart
The Lean enterprise emphasizes all of the following except: Prevention of Waste, Reduction of Waste, Use of statistical process control, Just-In time delivery
Use of statistical process control
1. Which of the following is not included in the six sigma road map? Use a problem solving methodology Identify the customer needs Use quality circles to improve morale Identify customer needs and wants
Use quality circles to improve morale
Levene's test is used to assess variance homogeneity. The significance form the test is less than 0.05. What is a conclusion :
Variances are significantly different and a non-parametric test will probably have to be used
Within the framework of a Six Sigma project a process improvement team at a high performing local government agency is trying to collect information on the service standard preferences of the people served. What is the Six Sigma team trying to determine:
Voice of the customer
1. Process capability measures should be calculated only: When the shape of the histogram is exponential When the process is in a state of statistical control After 3 months of error free operations When we want to know how we are doing
When we want to know how we are doing
What should a histogram tell you?
Whether or not the data are normally distributed, the dispersion, the central tendency
What is an advantage of focus groups as a method of gathering data about customers?
You can read body language
Multivoting is
a group making technique used to reduce a long list of items to a manageable number by means of a structured series of votes
To focus a team on a small set of issues when many ideas have been contributed by various sources, the team can use a
affinity diagram
A ___________ provides the Six Sigma team with resources, removes organizational barriers for the team, participates in project tollgate reviews, and essentially serves as the team backer.
champion
A 23 full factorial design can be physically represented by which shape?
cube
A 2^3 full factorial design with 2 replications provides information about: a) main factor effects b) two way interactions c) three way interaction d) all of the above
d) all of the above
The purpose of a full factorial design is to: a. provide information on the effects of main factors b. provide information on the effects of interactions c. if possible, remove the effects of lurking d. all of the above
d. all of the above
The prime use of a control chart is to
detect special causes of variation in a process
As we calibrate our Measurement System to assure accurate data we frequently encounter Bias which is the __________________ of a measured value from the ________________ value.
deviation, true
The main purpose of the Kano Analysis is to:
evaluate relative importance of your customers' requirements
Sigma level is an indicator of
how often defects are likely to occur
Regarding the critical path,
it is the longest sequence of tasks w/ no slack
Points out of control
may be random error or common cause, but needs to be checked
Which best explains what customers experience and is likely to cause them unhappiness?
process
Common-cause variation is normally:
random
Crashing a project is simply
speeding up a project
In statistics sigma (σ) represents:
standard deviation
What is considered to cure the wide variation in clinical practice?
standardization
The peak of the bell-shaped curve represents: A) The standard deviation B) Process sigma C) The width or fatness of the shape of the distribution D) The mean or average of the distribution
the mean or average of the distribution
In a statistical hypothesis test, failing to reject implies that
the null hypothesis is true
The concept of "sigma" is that it is
the number of standard deviations b/w the USL and the LSL
When considering process capability calculations, what is indicated when the specification limits supplied full encompass the process output?
the process is fully able to fulfill customer requirements
When using process cabaility estimates,
the process must be in control, or the estimate is misleading
From process capability, we learned that a process that is capable indicates
the process variation is less than the width of the specification window
When doing a graphical analysis of DOE results a Belt frequently uses the Main Effects Plot. To determine the relative impact of a variety of inputs on the output of interest it is easy to identify the most impactful input because the slope of the line on the Main Effects Plot is __________________.
the steepest
Every Green Belt knows that the following symbol is used to describe a sample mean:
x̄
In the Six Sigma philosophy processes require inputs to produce outputs. Controlling the inputs, means controlling the outputs. This is normally expressed as:
y=f(x)
