M08 Final Exam

A marking device such as an arrow, dot, or tick mark is placed at each end of a ____.

dimension line

Plastic pipe is typically rated according to its ____ and its ability to carry hot water.

wall thickness

Telephone outlet Duplex receptacle outlet Ceiling outlet Fluorescent fixture Three-way switch

E B A D C

10 3/16" 12" 7 7/8" 11 1/4" 8 1/2"

E D F C B

Floor drain Coupling Gate valve 45° elbow Tee 90° elbow

E G B D H C

The ____ symbol indicates a weld that extends completely around a joint.

weld all-around

When you need to know the size of the weld, refer to the ____.

weld dimensions

Most residential wiring calls for #16 aluminum wiring.

False

n ampere is a measure of electrical power.

False

Laminating is a process in which layers of lumber are bonded by using ____.

adhesive

Also referred to as gravel, ______________________________ are typically used for subbase support under concrete slabs.

aggregates

A common admixture used to improve concrete's durability in freeze/thaw environments is called ______________________________.

air entrainment

The ____ method of estimating breaks a building down into equal units and then multiplies the units by dollars per unit cost.

approximate

What are the five types of foundation systems described in this unit?

1. Footing and walls 2. Grade beams 3. Auger cast piles 4. Caissions 5. Steel piles

If a symbol is below the reference line, it indicates that the weld should be made on the ______________________________ of the joint.

arrow side

The smallest conductor permitted in branch circuits by the NEC is ______________________________ AWG.

14

If the scale of a drawing is identified as 1/8″ = 1′ and an interior wall of the drawing measures 3″, then the actual length of the wall is ____.

24′

To convert millimeters to inches, divide by ____.

25.4

Information on light switches and receptacles can be found under Division ____ in the specifications.

26

Concrete reaches its compressive or design strength within ____.

28 days

There are ____ small divisions within each 1/4″ division of a fractional rule.

4

Projection lines for features in the top and side views will intersect at a line drawn at a(n) ______________________________ angle.

45

Convert 19 inches to millimeters.

482.6 mm

A reading of 5.8 meters equals ____.

5800 mm

On what type of plan would you find existing walls and doors that need to be removed?

Demolition plan

Which of the following is not a basic type of heating system?

Electrostatic system

A cost oversight committed by an estimator will not affect the profitability of the contractor.

False

A lighting schedule lists equipment rather than light fixtures.

False

A takeoff describes the amount of days that a worker will not have to show up to the job site.

False

Abbreviations are standard and can only stand for one thing.

False

An architect's scale is typically used on civil drawings such as site plans.

False

Architectural drawings do not provide information for materials behind walls.

False

Brick masonry provides great tensile strength.

False

Centerlines are used to separate the title block and notes.

False

Details are made at a smaller scale than a plan drawing.

False

Estimating the cost of a construction job prevents cost overruns.

False

Treads are vertical members that provide changes in elevation between two adjacent stairs.

False

What type of heating system uses ducts to diffuse air throughout a residence?

Forced-air heating system

When there is a current leakage in excess of 0.006 amperes, a(n) ____ will open the circuit.

GFCI

The following is a method indicated by the finish symbol.

Grinding

Dimension lines Hidden line Cutting-plane line Centerline Leader Extension lines

H B D A E G

Structural steel Wood Concrete Earth Brick Glass Concrete block Stone Tile Gravel fill

H E B A F L C G M D

What is the difference between hard- and soft-temper copper pipes?

Hard-temper copper pipes: - more suitable for straight runs of exposed pipe, where appearance is a factor - can be bent to a limited radius with proper tools Soft-temper copper pipes: - easily bent by hand or with a tube bender

NEC stands for ____.

National Electrical Code

What is the primary way in which a steel friction pile supports a load?

Soil resistance along the side of the pile

It is permissible to draw different lines with different widths.

True

Specifications aid the contractor in making a more accurate estimate.

True

Steel is the most widely used metal in construction.

True

Symbols are used to represent building materials on a construction drawing.

True

The approximate method of estimating is often used to help an owner decide whether or not to build.

True

The contour symbol is a supplementary symbol used within the welding symbol.

True

The contract requirements are contained within the specifications.

True

The different lines used on prints make up a system known as the Alphabet of Lines.

True

The fractional rule is used with the customary measuring system.

True

The term scale describes the relative size at which a drawing has been made.

True

The term scale refers to the instrument that is used to measure the distances of a drawing.

True

The watt is the unit of measurement of electrical power.

True

The weld all-around symbol is a small circle surrounding the intersection of the reference line and the arrow.

True

To convert inches to millimeters, multiply by 25.4.

True

With a fractional rule, you can determine that 1/4″ is less than 3/8″.

True

Wood is the most widely used residential construction material.

True

Woods are broadly classified as either hardwoods or softwoods.

True

A ____ is used to indicate the centers of objects such as columns and fixtures.

centerline

Made from nonmetallic minerals, ______________________________ is fired at a very high temperature.

ceramic tile

When you apply chromium as a finish to a metal surface, the treatment is called ______________________________.

chroming

Elevations may be identified by the ____ direction that the elevation faces.

compass

The roof plan is only shown for ____ structures.

complex

A(n) _____ is placed between a slab and a wall.

expansion joint

The ______________________________ line is drawn perpendicular to the dimension line to specify the features between which the dimension applies.

extension

The ____ symbol indicates welds that are to be flat-, convex-, or concave-faced.

contour

When a weld needs to be finished, a finish symbol is included with the ____ symbol.

contour

For branch circuit wiring in residential construction, ____ wire is normally used.

copper

The chemical reaction between the cement and water in concrete is called ______________________________.

hydration

The fractional rule is used with the ______________________________ system.

customary

Available for ceiling and wall installation, ____ can be covered with a finish covering material, plastered, or mounted directly to the ceiling or wall.

electric radiant heating panels

Who prepares the HVAC plans for a residential structure?

The HVAC subcontractor

The ____ weld is specified by its diameter, strength in pounds, pitch, and number of welds.

spot

Straight run, long-L, and double-L are all styles of ____.

stairs

A brick laid in a flat position, lengthwise with the wall, is in the ______________________________ position.

stretcher

In stair framing, the angled member that runs between the lower and upper floors and supports the stairs is called the ______________________________.

stringer

Lumber that has been dressed or finished to size by running it through a planer is called ____ lumber.

surfaced

Nearly all drawings used on a construction project are orthographic drawings.

true

The relationship of the size of one part of an object to another part is called proportion.

true

The mortar type that is used when mortar is the only connection between face brick and backing brick is ______________________________.

type S

18 inches is equivalent to 457.2 mm.

True

A break line is used to indicate that an object's full length is not shown to save space.

True

What are the two main categories of material costs?

1st: The materials that are actually installed in the building project. 2ns: The materials that it takes to build the structure.

On a 1/8″ = 1′-0″ scale, the smallest tick mark is equal to ______________________________.

2

The specifications define the ____.

All of the above.

The welding symbol consists of the ____.

All of the above.

____ is a source of heat for a forced-air system.

All of the above.

The ____ has developed standard procedures for using symbols to indicate the details of a weld.

American Welding Society

Regular stud Blocking Sole plate Cripple stud Trimmer stud Header King stud

B H F E A C I

V Bevel Flare-V Flare-bevel Scarf

C D G H B

Which member is located above a window?

Header

Which of the following is not a recommended step for preparing a detailed estimate?

Mark up the job a minimum of 20%.

One organization responsible for developing safety and health standards is the ______________________________.

OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration

Which line is used to represent the main outline of an object?

Object line

Which member rests directly on top of the foundation wall?

Sill plate

_____ rods are used to reinforce footings, slabs, and foundation walls.

Steel

What is the purpose of the reinforcement in a slab-on-grade?

To strengthen load carrying capacity and prevent shrinkage cracks.

On a 3/4″ = 1′-0″ scale, the smallest tick mark is equal to ______________________________.

1/2

Reinforcing bar is identified by a number that is a multiple of ____.

1/8″

Each centimeter is divided into ____.

10 mm

Which member connects rafters to make the roof frame more stable? Correct!

Collar beam

Piping layouts are generally shown on residential plans.

False

Plywood is not considered an economical building material.

False

Solar energy is not used as a fuel source in forced-air systems.

False

Stringer is a term used when describing support beams.

False

Technical aspects contained within the specifications are listed in a random order.

False

The DWV system is used to supply water to different service locations in the building.

False

The abbreviation cm is used when dealing with a fractional rule.

False

The customary measuring system is also known as the American system.

False

The first stage of plumbing installation is attaching the fixtures to walls.

False

The footings used in a monolithic slab are called turned-up footings.

False

The frost line is the depth at which the ground is frozen when the temperature is 25°F (-4°C).

False

The views of an orthographic drawing are projected at a 45° angle to each other.

False

The weld symbol and the welding symbol are two terms that mean the same thing.

False

Compare and contrast an architect's scale and an engineer's scale. Which one is used for smaller projects? Which one is used for larger projects?

On a drawing made using an architect's scale, the drawing scale is defined so that some fraction of an inch or a whole number quantity in inches equals one foot. On a drawing made using an engineer's scale, the drawing scale is defined so that every inch measurement on the plan is equal to a measurement in the designated unit (typically in feet). The architect's scale is used for a smaller project while the engineer's scale is used for larger projects.

Detail drawings may be placed on the same sheets as the plan or elevation views.

True

Doors in narrow areas do not have to be dimensioned if it is obvious they would be centered in the space available.

True

Exterior elevations indicate building materials such as siding

True

Graph paper has a grid of lines on it, helping to keep lines straight.

True

Loadbearing partitions are walls that support a load from above.

True

Normally, a column footing is larger than a footing below a wall.

True

Over 90% of the world's flat glass is made by the float process.

True

Roof slope is usually given on a drawing as a slope triangle.

True

Specifications can be used to settle disputes that may arise.

True

Spot welds are specified by their diameter.

True

Standards for the quality of work are also included in the specifications.

True

Steel angles are used as bracing in steel framing.

True

The detailed estimating method works best when a project is unique in size and structure.

True

The labor costs used in estimates will typically be higher than the actual hourly rate paid to the workers.

True

The main disadvantage of balloon framing is the tendency of the walls to act as flues in spreading fires from floor to floor

True

Sill plates are a basic component of floor frames.

True

The one view not necessary in an orthographic projection is the ____ view.

bottom

The total length of an exterior wall is 41′. One of the known dimensions is 18′-4″ and the other known dimension is 13′-8″. What is the unknown dimension?

9′

Welded wire fabric is used to _____.

reinforce concrete slabs

When a footing must be placed above ground that has been disturbed, it should be _____.

reinforced with steel reinforcing bars

Copper with zinc as its primary alloy element is called ______________________________.

brass

In floor framing, ______________________________ consists of small members connected between the sides of adjacent joists to help provide lateral stability and transmit the load between joists. Correct!

bridging

The approximate method of estimating costs is also known as ______________________________ estimating.

budget parameter

In residential buildings, the wire routing is determined by the ____ and established electrical codes.

electrical contractor

Masonry walls are dimensioned to their ____ surfaces.

exterior

Sketching serves no real purpose in the area of construction.

false

A ______________________________ symbol indicates that a weld must be made at the construction site, instead of in the assembly shop.

field weld

Gypsum wallboard, ceramic tile, carpeting, and wood flooring are materials that fall under CSI Division 09, which deals with ____.

finishes

A sheet material such as ____ is used to cover the joists and headers to make the subfloor.

plywood

An angled roof-supporting beam member is called a(n) ______________________________ in residential construction.

rafter

Hip jacks, valley jacks, and cripple jacks are all types of ____.

rafters

Construction drawings are made to a(n) ______________________________, which means smaller than actual size.

reduced scale

The ____ is the horizontal line portion of the welding symbol.

reference line

The type of electrical plan that illustrates ceiling-mounted light fixtures is the ____.

reflected ceiling plan

An evaporative system does not require the use of ____.

return ducts

The horizontal member at the peak of the roof that each rafter connects to is the ______________________________.

ridge board

Reinforcing bar is put into place immediately after the concrete is poured.

False

Elevations can be either exterior or interior views of a building.

True

If a contractor charges $227 per cubic yard to pour concrete, how much will it cost to pour a slab that measures 48′ by 36′ by 9″?

$10,896

If it takes three concrete workers 1 hour to pour 5 yd3 of concrete, and each worker makes $15 an hour, how much will it cost to pour 25 yd3?

$225

If the concrete for a 70,000 ft2 warehouse costs $233,000, what is the cost per square foot?

$3.33

Calculate a company's overhead costs if it has annual sales of $3.5 million and marks up each job 12% just to break even.

$420,000

It takes four laborers to frame the walls of a house. Two of the laborers make $14 per hour and the other two make $18 per hour. The contractor must also pay an additional 16% on top of their total wages for taxes and insurance. If it takes them 3 hours to frame each wall, what is the cost to frame a house with four walls?

$890.88

On a 1/4″ = 1′-0″ scale, the smallest tick mark is equal to ______________________________.

1

1. This plan shows the layout of the building and where doors, windows, stairs, and walls are located. 2. In addition to the basement, this plan shows walls, slabs, piers, and footings. 3. This plan shows the heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning systems. This plan shows the locations of receptacles, switches, and fixtures. 4. This plan shows a layout of the structural members supporting a floor or roof.

1. Foundation Plan 2. Mechanical Plan 3. Electrical Plan Framing Plan

1. This plan shows items, such as light fixtures and air supply registers. 2. This plan shows existing walls that need to be removed. 3. This plan provides more detail for complex areas such as stairways. 4. This plan shows a vast layout at a small scale.

1. Reflected ceiling 2. Demolition plan 3. Enlarged Plan 4. Overview plan

A "30 scale" on a three-sided engineer's scale translates to ____.

30 feet are equal to 1 inch

Each inch on an engineer's scale is divided into 10 increments that represent 1′, which means 1″ = 10′. A line measured with an engineer's scale that is 3 inches plus 3 increments would be ____.

33′

The group responsible for establishing standards that identify material specifications and testing procedures is ____.

ASTM International

What kind of information can you find on a panel schedule?

All of the information associated with a distribution panel. The voltage entering the box, the numbers and sizes of the breakers, and a brief description of the devices protected by the breakers are included.

Who inspects a building to make sure that it meets building code requirements? Give an example of an item that may require inspection.

City, county, or local inspectors. Items such as footings, framing, and plumbing and electrical rough-in.

The group responsible for organizing the various divisions utilized in the MasterFormat standard is the ____.

Construction Specifications Institute

Hip jack rafter Hip jack rafter Cripple jack rafter Gable Hip rafter Valley jack rafter

D G E H C F

Information of a general nature, such as insurance, supervision, and inspection, is located in ____ in the specifications.

Division 01

- Wiring concealed in floor - Externally operated disconnect switch - Ground - Conduit run - Lighting panel - Power panel

E H A F B C

A GFCI will close the circuit if it senses a current leakage in excess of 0.006 amperes.

False

A door schedule specifies the order in which doors are to be installed.

False

A leader is a line that has an arrow at both ends.

False

A wall section shows only the wall above the nearest window.

False

An orthographic drawing is a print that shows the front and rear elevations exclusively.

False

Concrete is hardened by a chemical reaction involving the heat of the sun and sodium oxide.

False

Division 03 in the specifications provides electrical information.

False

Division 26 in the specifications provides information about HVAC equipment.

False

Electrical plans show the precise locations where conduit is to be run.

False

Elevations show the horizontal layout of a building.

False

Expansion joists placed around slab expand and prevent the slab from moving.

False

Extension lines are placed at the bottom of the legend.

False

Floor plans are generated by making a cut above the height of doors and windows.

False

Footings are only needed below the perimeter walls of a building.

False

In a set of drawings, architectural drawings are typically prefixed with the letter D.

False

In platform framing, wall studs run continuously from the sill plate to the roof.

False

In the customary measuring system, distances are divided into meters.

False

Provide five examples each of hardwoods and softwoods.

Hardwood: Ash, Beech, Gum, Oak, Walnut Softwood: Hemlock, Redwood, Cypress, Spruce, Red Cedar (Eastern)

What does the term TOF indicate?

Top of Footing

A door schedule typically includes the room number where the door is to be installed.

True

A ground wire connects a device to the earth to minimize injuries from electrical shock.

True

A panel schedule includes a list of all the circuits running from the box.

True

A panel schedule includes a list of all the circuits running from the panel.

True

A welding symbol may include specifications for the weld's groove angle.

True

A wire carrying 12 volts is considered a low-voltage wire.

True

All specification documents are divided into sections of information.

True

Balloon framing reduces lumber shrinkage problems in masonry veneer structures.

True

Break lines indicate that a portion of the object has been omitted.

True

Why is estimating one of the most important operations in a contracting business?

Whether a contractor makes a profit or suffers severe losses depends on estimating the cost of a construction project. Inaccurate estimates can also cause a contractor to bid too high and lose the job to other contractors.

In balloon framing, ____ is used to prevent the spread of fire from floor to floor through stud spaces.

blocking

When the detailed estimate is completed, it should be checked by the ____ method.

approximate

Drawings for floor plans, elevations, and details are commonly made with a(n) ______________________________.

architect's scale

Information on specification requirements for roof systems, floor framing, ceiling layouts, and walls can be found on the ____.

architectural drawings

Squared stones that have been laid in a pattern but not cut to dimensions are called ______________________________ stones. Correct!

ashlar

A ground fault circuit interrupter should be installed in a(n) ____.

bathroom

The seat cut and the plumb cut together make up the ______________________________, which allows the rafter to sit flush on the top plate.

bird's mouth

Elevations that show the vertical surfaces of features, such as cabinets, are called ______________________________ elevations.

interior

A ____ is used to connect a distribution panel to a light.

conductor

The flow rate of a heating and cooling system at a given point is specified on plans as ____.

cubic feet per minute

When a large-scale illustration of a small portion of a building is required, you should consult a(n) ____ drawing.

detail

All pipes that take the water from the main to the various service outlets are called ____.

distribution pipes

The technical aspects of a project are listed by ____ and usually in the order that the work is performed.

divisions

The specifications and drawings together make up the ______________________________.

drawing documentation

Specifications and ____ supplement each other, so that all information needed for a construction project is included.

drawings

Sill plates, joists, headers, and double headers are all basic components of ____.

floor frames

If you are making framing plans, mechanical plans, or electrical plans, you should always reference the ____.

floor plan

Walls, doors, windows, rooms, and stairways are all shown on a(n) ____.

floor plan

List three types of heating systems.

forced-air, - hydronic(hot water) - electric radiant heating

When a scale is not available, you can take measurements with a(n) ______________________________.

fractional rule

What other drawings use the floor plan as a reference?

framing plans mechanical plans electrical plans plumbing plans.

In an orthographic drawing, you should begin by drawing the ______________________________ view.

front

A cut through the entire structure will create a ____ section.

full building

The type of building that seeks to build structures that use resources and energy efficiently is called ______________________________.

green building

A(n) ______________________________ should be installed in areas where moisture may be present.

ground fault circuit interrupter

When some studs must be left out to make room for a window or door, a ____ is used to distribute the weight of the building around the opening.

header

Edges and surfaces that are not visible in a particular area are drawn with ____ lines.

hidden

Underground features, such as foundation footings, are shown with ______________________________ lines on an exterior elevation.

hidden

On a residential f foundation plan, footings are shown as _____.

hidden lines

In the AWG system, the number of the wire ____ as the size of the wire gets smaller.

increases

A floor-supporting beam member is called a(n) ______________________________ in residential construction.

joist

A_____ is a slotted joint in concrete used to connect portions cast at different times.

keyway

Short walls joined by a sloping ceiling are called ______________________________.

knee walls

When estimating the labor costs, you need to determine the ____ for each trade.

labor rates

A line that has an arrow at one end and a text note at the other is a ____.

leader

The arrow in a(n) ______________________________ points to a feature or detail that requires a note.

leader

In floor framing, a(n) ______________________________ is a small piece of lumber nailed to the side of a double header for each tail joist to rest on.

ledger

A list of symbols and their corresponding meanings can be found in the ____.

legend

Interior walls that carry the ceiling or floor load from above are called ______________________________.

loadbearing partitions

A ______________________________ symbol indicates that a weld requires 100% joint penetration.

melt-through

Ferrous and nonferrous are terms designated to types of ____.

metal

The basic unit of linear measure in the metric system is the ____.

meter

The binding resource that is widely used to hold masonry units together is ____.

mortar

Type O, Type N, and Type M are all established ASTM standards for ____.

mortar

If a symbol is above the reference line, it indicates that the weld should be made on the ______________________________ of the joint.

other side

The top view of a building is called a ____.

plan view

When first mixed, concrete can be described as ______________________________, which means it can take the shape of the formwork provided.

plastic

Also known as western framing, ____ is the most widely used wall framing system.

platform framing

Provisions for the service entrance of the water supply are made ____.

prior to the pouring of the foundation

A ____ line is an extra-heavy line that is made up of long dashes alternating with two short dashes.

property

The roof slope triangle represents the ratio between the ______________________________ and ______________________________ of a roof.

rise, run

When referencing stair frames, there is always one more ____ than the number of ____.

riser, treads

The specifications for the final treatments required for floors, walls, and ceilings in each room can be located on the ______________________________.

room finish schedule

Contractors use the approximate method of estimating to determine a(n) ____ estimate of cost.

rough

The ____ plumbing stage involves installation of underground plumbing before the concrete slab is poured.

rough-in

The galvanizing of steel or iron is applied to increase ____.

rust resistance

The term ______________________________ refers to the relative size at which a drawing is made.

scale

To find a list of materials or products required in a structure, you would consult a(n) ______________________________.

schedule

If you need to identify where a section has been taken from a plan or elevation, you must locate the ____.

section cutting plane

A section cutting line marks the part of the drawing being cut to create a(n) ____.

sectional view

Hydronic heating systems use a(n) ____ to carry heated water to convectors.

series-loop system

To show that a portion of a drawing has been removed to reveal details underneath, a(n) ______________________________ break line is used.

short

Plastic pipes and fittings commonly use ____ joints to connect piping.

solvent-welded

The written statements that define the extent and quality of work to be done are called the ____.

specifications

The ability of a structure to have minimal impact on the environment is called ______________________________.

sustainability

Before you read specifications, first review the ____ to become familiar with the type of information included.

table of contents

To identify what type of door is being used in a floor plan, you should refer to its corresponding ____ in the door schedule.

tag

Notes that designate welding specifications are placed within the ______________________________ of the welding symbol.

tail

Lists that detail a contractor's various costs are called ____.

takeoffs

One type of structural clay tile that is mainly used for decorative effects is ______________________________.

terra cotta

Dimensions provided on elevation drawings are those related to the ____.

vertical plane

The type of safety glass that has a wire mesh molded into its center is called ______________________________ glass.

wired

The primary building material for residences is ____.

wood