Male Reproductive system
benign prostatic hyperplasia and Prostate Cancer
2 Types of prostate enlargements are called
Root (attaches to body wall) Body/Shaft (contains erectile/spongy tissue) Glans Penis (tip of penis, where external urethral orifice is located)
3 Parts to the penis
Head-contains nucleus&acrosome Midpiece- contains mitochondria Tail- Flagellum (used for swimming)
3 parts of spermatids (mature sperm)
parasympathetic control
Arrousal is controlled by
increase, begins spermatogenesis.
At puberty, testosterone levels _______ which begins ____________ and the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics.
5%
Bulbourethral glands (pre-cum) make up ____% of total semen volume
half from ovum, half from sperm
During fertilization, a zygote must contain correct number of chromosones which is
Considered the switch. Turns OFF PSN, Turns ON SNS
During the male sexual response the orgasm is considered the _________. What does it do the PSN & SNS?
a spongy network of connective tissue and smooth muscle with vascular spaces
Each erectile body is defined as
Lobules, contain highly coiled loops called seminiferous tubules where sperm is produced
Each testis is divided into ____ which contain
Gametes, meiosis
Gonads produce ______ by _______
From the pituitary gland, triggers sperm production and triggers susentacular cells to take care of sperm.
Hormone FSH (location & Function)
From the hypothalamus, triggers pituitary gland to release FSH & LH
Hormone GnRH (location & function)
From the pituitary gland, stimulates interstitial cells to produce/release testosterone
Hormone LH (location & function)
From interstitial cells, main hormone involved in regulation of spermatogenesis and male reproductive anatomy. (Testosterone --> matures sperm)
Hormone Testosterone (location & function)
abdominal cavity
Inguinal canal leads into
Male-sperm Female-ova/egg cells
Male gametes are called _____ Female gametes are called _______
Male- testes Female- ovaries
Male gonads are called are called ____ Female gonads are called_____
produces sperm and ova for reproduction, cells need to have half chromosome number of original cell
Meiosis occurs because
new cells are needed for tissue growth or repair, new cells must be genetically identical to original
Mitosis occurs because
Seminiferous tubles (sperm is made) Straight tubule Rete Testis Efferent Ductules Epididymis (site of sperm maturation, organ) Vas Deferens Ejaculatory Duct Urethra in prostate gland (prostatic urethra) Urethra out
Pathway of sperm out of the body
what determines the identification of male or female
Primary sex characteristics
30%
Prostatic secretions make up _____% of total semen volume
Gonads
Responsible for secreting sex hormones including testosterone and estrogen
Happens at puberty. Growth of pubic, axillary, chest and facial hair Larynx enlarges Skin thickens, sebaceous glands increase secretion Bone Density & muscle mass increase (Body conformation) Erythrocyte production increase as testosterone increases erythropoietin secretion. Testosterone influences behavior; basis for male libido(sex drive)
Secondary sex characteristics (and examples for men)
60-70%
Seminal vesicles/seminal fluid make up _____% of semen volume
Spermatagonia & sustentacular cells
Seminiferous tubules contain 2 cells types called
5%
Sperm cells make up ___% of total semen volume
sperm can be stored for months here and any sperm that has not been ejaculated is reabsorbed.
Sperm in the Vas deferens
Inhibin, which help regulate spermatogenesis
Susentacular cells are responsible for producing which hormone, which functions in
located outside abdominopelvic cavity in the SCROTUM Sperm production and secretion of testosterone (sex hormone)
Testes are located and perform 2 important functions which are
surrounds urethra, 30% of semen volume
The prostate surrounds the ______ and makes up ____% of total semen volume
Scrotum and spermatic cord
What are the 2 support structures in the male reproductive system
corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum
What are the two names of erectile tissue in the penis?
Epididymis, Vast Deferens, Spermatic cord, Ejaculatory Duct, Urethra
What does the duct system of male reproductive system consist of
Causes negative feedback loop to CLOSE. LH & FSH & GnRH are no longer being secreted to slow down spermatogenesis (stop producing sperm)
When Elevated testosterone and inhibin levels are sensed by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, what happens
in the seminiferous tubules
Where does spermatogenesis occur
Internal Penis
______ includes three cylindrical erectile bodies (corpora)
46 chromosomes, 23 pairs
all human somatic cells have a nucleus with
Epididymis, complete its maturation process. Cells will remain viable for months.
as sperm leaves the seminiferous tubules it migrates to the _______ where it will _______
vas deferens
begins at the end of the epididymis, travels with testicular arteries, veins, and nerves within spermatic cord through the inguinal canal into pelvic cavity.
Zygote
cell that divides to produce all of cells in a new individual via mitosis
Interstitial cells
cells found between seminiferous tubules that produce testosterone
susentacular cells
cells that take care of sperm cells by providing nutrients for dividing cells and also phagocytize damaged spermatogenic cells
cryptorchidism
condition when testis do not descend into scrotum during the 8th month of fetal development. Results in sperm cells not being able to be produced
midline septum
divides the scrotum into two compartments, one for each testis
receives sperm from vas deferens at the seminal vesicle
ejaculatory duct recieves sperm from _____ at the _______
seminal vesicles
gland found on posterior surface of urinary bladder and meets with vas deferens to form ejaculatory duct, contributes to 60-70% of semen volume
erectile dysfunction
inability of an adult male to achieve an erection
prepuce (foreskin)
loose skin of penis that forms a circular fold called
Male infertility
low sperm count (less than 15 million sperm cells)
Myoid cells of seminiferous tubules
muscle like cells that surround seminferous tubules, contract to push sperm and testicular fluid through tubules via peristalsis
Flaccid
non- aroused state penis is called
40-750 million sperm cells
normal ejaculate contains _____ million sperm cells
Epididymis
organ in the male reproductive system in which sperm mature and are stored , filled with ductules
Fertilization
process by which a sperm and egg cell fuse to form a new cell called a zygote
Ejaculation, sympathetic control. Emmision- movement semen into urethra Expulsion- semen pushes from urethra
process during sexual response in which semen is expelled from penis under _______ control. Occurs in 2 phases called
meoiosis
process during which a cell divides to form daughter cells with half number of chromosomes; ensures correct number in gametes and eventually zygote.
Spermatogenesis
production of sperm
sustentacular cells
provide nourishment for development of sperm
dartos muscle
scrotum wall contains a layer of smooth muscle called
seminiferous tubules
site of sperm production
cremaster muscle
smooth muscle that controls height of testis
diploid (2n)
somatic cells are ______ because they have full paired set of chromosomes
spermatogonia
sperm forming cells
Prostate gland
the vas deferens and urethra join in the
Urethra
transports both urine and semen in the male reproductive system
Spermatic cord, contains vas deferens, blood and lymph vessels, and leads to pelvic cavity.
tube extending from scrotum and contains
Erection, parasympathetic control
when blood fills the penis this is called_______ and it is controlled by