MAN 320F
Emotions matter in the workplace because they: • All of the answer choices are correct • Influence how we interpret events • Impact all interpersonal aspects of the organization • Spread throughout the team or workgroup
Correct: All of the answer choices are correct
The following are examples of coping skills: Select all that apply. • Time pressures such as deadlines • Asking for help or reprioritizing tasks • Interpersonal pressures with coworkers or supervisor • Attempting to reframe a problem • Environmental factors such as noise or general working conditions
Correct: • Asking for help or reprioritizing tasks • Attempting to reframe a problem
There are a number of processes that people use when making decisions. These include decision-making heuristics like: Select all that apply • Representativeness • Reciprocity • Anchoring • Availability • Confirmation
Correct: • Representativeness • Anchoring • Availability
If the average worker can produce 15 widgets an hour, which goal is likely to lead to the best performance? • 18 • 30 • 10 • Do your best • 15
Correct: 18
The prescriptive model assumes the decision maker possesses certain information and is aware of their preferences and constraints before beginning the decision-making process. What other assumptions does the prescriptive make? • Decisions are able to be completely rational • All answer choices are correct • All relevant information is present, clear and constant preferences • No time constraints and unlimited information processing
Correct: All answer choices are correct
As employees progress in organizations from non-managerial positions to higher roles, which of the following occurs: • They get paid not for what they specifically do but rather what they get done through others • All of the answer choices are correct • Their technical skills become relatively less important • Their conceptual and human skills begin to take priority over technical skills
Correct: All of the answer choices are correct
Negotiators using a highball (or lowball) tactic start with a ridiculously high (or low) opening offer that they know they will never receive. The theory is that the extreme offer will cause the other party to reevaluate his/her own opening offer and make less demanding offers in return. Highball (or lowball) tactics are an example of what type of heuristic in decision-making? • The availability bias • Confirmation bias • Anchoring • Overconfidence bias
Correct: Anchoring
When a team leader evaluates the performance of all team members as "average," the possibility for ________ error in the performance appraisal is quite high. • personal bias • recency • halo • central tendance
Correct: Central Tendance
Rather than assuming that there is one 'best' or universal way to manage people in organizations, which approach do researchers use to try to identify how different situations can be best understood and handled? • Emotional intelligence • Scientific • Laboratory study • Industrial engineering • Contingency
Correct: Contingency
Process theories are focused on how behavior is driven by individual's cognitions and calculations they perform when choosing to engage in a behavior. The most popular process theories of motivation are: • Maslow's Heirarchy of Needs • Expectancy, equity, reinforcement, and goal-setting theory • Alderfer, Herzberg, and McClelland's theories
Correct: Expectancy, equity, reinforcement, and goal-setting theory
According to Hofstede's framework of national culture, uncertainty avoidance reflects the degree to which people are likely to respect hierarchy and rank in organizations. • True • False
Correct: False
If everyone using the same equipment performs poorly, the tendency is to attribute any one person's poor performance to internal causes; but if other people using the equipment perform well while one person performs poorly, the tendency is to attribute that individual's poor performance to external causes. • True • False
Correct: False
Organizational behavior is an interdisciplinary body of knowledge with strong ties to psychology, sociology, criminal justice, and anthropology. • True • False
Correct: False
Selective screening occurs only through conscious awareness. • True • False
Correct: False
The 'Big Five' personality traits include extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and creativity. • True • False
Correct: False
Which form of performance assessment is an example of the comparative approach? • Graphic rating scale • Critical incident diary • BARS • Forced distribution
Correct: Forced distribution
What is a possible disadvantage of choosing to make a decision by the team rather than by the individual method? • People are better informed about the reason for the decision • It won't ever result in a high-quality decision • It takes too long to reach a decision • More information is used to make the decision
Correct: It takes too long to reach a decision
When your manager increases your job content by giving you more responsibility for planning and evaluating duties, which job design approach is being used? • Job enlargement • Process reengineering • Job simplification • Job rotation • Job enrichment
Correct: Job enrichment
In considering the congruence model, an organization's goal is to have alignment between: • Leadership, strategy, formal organization, and informal organization • Leadership, workforce diversity, formal organization, and informal organization • Leadership, strategy, inclusion, and constructive culture • Leadership, workforce diversity, inclusion, and constructive culture
Correct: Leadership, strategy, formal organization, and informal organization
The result of a broken psychological contract from an employee's perspective is: • Limited promotion and development opportunities • Lower productivity or employee turnover • All of the answer choices are correct
Correct: Limited promotion and development opportunities
Which of the following is a direct application of goal setting theory? • Management by Objectives (MBO) • Merit pay, profit sharing, or employee stock ownership • Job rotation, enlargement, or enrichment
Correct: Management by Objectives (MBO)
__________ are simplified views of reality that attempt to explain real-world phenomena. • Reproductions • Models • Theories • Scientific methods • Incubators
Correct: Models
Which of the following statements about locus of control is correct? • Many managerial and professional jobs require behavior that is consistent with an external locus of control. • People with an internal locus of control tend to perform better on tasks requiring complex information processing and learning. • People with an external locus of control tend to be more introverted. • People with an external locus of control are more oriented toward their own feelings. • People with an internal locus of control tend to be more extroverted.
Correct: People with an internal locus of control tend to perform better on tasks requiring complex information processing and learning.
______ and ______ are two critical factors that must be examined to determine the scientific support for the use of any assessment instrument (personality, aptitude, or interest). • Consistency and validity • Reliability and validity • Reliability and metrics
Correct: Reliability and validity
Adam is considered to be an excellent production manager. However, he tends to give attention only to those aspects of the organization that affect his production operation and to not notice the concerns of other departments. From a perceptual perspective, Adam is guilty of which perceptual distortion? • Statutory effect. • Contrast error • Discernment error • Halo effect • Selective perception
Correct: Selective perception
In equity theory, the _________ is a key issue. • Social comparison of rewards • Absolute value of rewards • Equality of rewards • Equality of efforts
Correct: Social comparison of rewards
Which of the following statements provides an inaccurate description of people with high self-esteem? • They see themselves as capable, worthwhile, and acceptable. • They seldom experience a boost in job performance. • They may be overconfident at times. • They tend to have few doubts about themselves. • When under pressure, they may become boastful and act egotistically.
Correct: They seldom experience a boost in job performance.
ERG theory states that a lower-level need can be activated when a higher-level need cannot be satisfied. • True • False
Correct: True
Halo effects are particularly important in the performance appraisal process because they can influence a manger's evaluations of subordinates' work performance. • True • False
Correct: True
Job enlargement is designed to increase job breadth by having the worker perform more and different tasks, but all at the same level of responsibility and challenge. • True • False
Correct: True
Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory identifies five levels of individual needs, ranging from physiological needs at the lowest level, through safety, social, and esteem needs, and finally to self-actualization needs at the highest level. • True • False
Correct: True
Programmed decisions are made as standardized responses to recurring situations and routine problems. • True • False
Correct: True
The physical, social, and organizational context of the perceptual setting can influence the perceptual process. • True • False
Correct: True
Mike has always been driven by the need to work more efficiently, solve problems, and master complex tasks. According to McClelland, Mike is classified as driven by a need for: • safety. • achievement. • affiliation. • power. • none of the above.
Correct: achievement
According to McClelland, a person high in need achievement will be motivated by _______. • control and influence over other people • challenging but achievable goals • teamwork and collective responsibility • status of being an executive
Correct: challenging but achievable goals
The degree to which the culture respects and values diversity and is open to anyone who can perform a job, regardless of their diversity attributes, is known as: • multiculturalism. • constructive culture. • cultural sensitivity. • inclusion. • workforce diversity.
Correct: inclusion
In Vroom's decision-making model, the choice among individual and team decision approaches is based on criteria that include quality requirements, availability of information, and _______ • position power of the leader • need for implementation commitments • size of the organization • number of people involved
Correct: need for implementation commitments
A job's motivating potential score can be raised through all of the following methods EXCEPT: • employing vertical loading to create more planning opportunities. • opening feedback channels to enable workers to know how well they are doing. • establishing client relationships to enable employees to experience feedback directly from customers. • employing vertical loading to create more controlling responsibilities. • reducing tasks to create smaller jobs.
Correct: reducing tasks to create smaller jobs.
An example of the application of the __________ is the team leader who selects a new member not because of any special qualities of the person, but only because the individual comes from a department known to have produced high performers in the past. • representativeness heuristic • productiveness heuristic • accessibility heuristic • anchoring and adjustment heuristic • suitability heuristic
Correct: representativeness heuristic
Conscientiousness is a 'Big Five' personality dimension that involves the traits of being __________. • imaginative, curious, and broad-minded • outgoing, sociable, and assertive • good-natured, trusting, and cooperative • unworried, secure, and relaxed • responsible, dependable, and persistent
Correct: responsible, dependable, and persistent