Marriage and Family Exam (chapter 1-6)
Contemporary gender roles encourage:
males to be more expressive
Which social class is largest?
middle class
Learning through imitation is known as:
modeling
The most widely practiced marital arrangement worldwide is:
monogamy.
"Nothing serious" is the motto of ludic lovers.
true
Between ages 12-17, children are exposed to media content approximately how many hours per week?
23
The average age for women to begin menopause is:
50
Compared to whites, African Americans tend to express more conservative attitudes toward which of the following family issues?
All of these are family issues on which African Americans express more conservative attitudes than whites.
Common sexual dysfunctions among men include which of the following?
Erectile dysfunction
Traditional male sexual scripts include which of the following assumptions?
Men should be knowledgeable about sexual matters.
Which group makes up the largest component of the Hispanic American population in the United States?
Mexican Americans
Comparing various populations, employment is a most integral, normative, and traditional component of being a wife and mother for:
african american women
Lucy feels unworthy of love and needs approval from others. She fears that her boyfriend does not really love her. Her attachment style is:
anxious/ambivalent.
Middle-class parents tend to emphasize ______, while working-class parents emphasize _______ in their children.
autonomy; compliance
Infants who sense their mother's detachment and rejection when they desire close bodily contact develop a(n) _____________ attachment style.
aviodant
Social learning theory represents a modification of the traditional behaviorist approach to include:
cognition
Those who are dissatisfied with __________ love often engage in extra-relational affairs to maintain the passion in their lives.
companionate
Despite the considerable variations among tribal groups, two important aspects of most Native American families are:
extended families and high rates of intermarriage to non-Native Americans.
Central to a pro-feminist men's movement is the issue of:
fairness
Affiliated kin is defined as related individuals we have little contact with.
false
All extramarital involvements are sexual.
false
Among the styles of love, eros is one of the most enduring.
false
Married couples report engaging in sexual relations about two or three times a month.
false
Researchers agree that attachment styles in adulthood are a result of early childhood experiences.
false
The family most Americans consider to be the traditional family is a family where both the husband and wife work outside of the home full-time.
false
Who may marry in the United States has remained unchanged over the past 150 years.
false
The status we are given in society is initially acquired through our:
families.
_______ or deceptive love is whirlwind love; it begins the day a couple meets and quickly results in cohabitation or engagement, then marriage.
fatuous
Which term best defines gender as we understand it scientifically?
gender spectrum
___________ denotes that in economic ways, as well as politically and socially, men are advantaged.
gender stratisfication
Mothers who are employed full time come home to a "second shift," which refers to:
housework and childcare
_______ tend to believe in innate gender roles more than _______ do.
husbands; wives
Arlie Hochschild referred to women's own domestic work in the household and child care after their paid workday hours as a(n):
second shift
All the people living in a housing unit makes up a household.
true
Men and women are more alike than different, but our culture has encouraged us to look for differences and to exaggerate their degree and significance.
true
Romantic love begins to increase as the children grow up and leave home.
true
Secure adults find it relatively easy to get close to others.
true
To study family patterns and issues, we need to understand that our attitudes and beliefs about families may affect and distort our efforts.
true
In which class do we most often find a two-person career?
upper class
In 2015, the calculated poverty line for a family of four in the U.S. was:
$24,250.
During the Depression, unemployment jumped from 3 million in 1929 to over _____ in 1932.
12 million
Children are socialized in gender roles through which of the following processes?
Activity exposure
Industrialization created which of the following?
Breadwinners
Which of the following is false with respect to extramarital affairs?
Emotional affairs are more common than sexual affairs.
A scientist wants to conduct research to determine if change in a certain variable causes predicable change in another variable. Which method should the scientist use?
Experimental
Which of the following is not a macro-level theory?
Family systems theory
Which of the following diseases cannot be (or is not) treated with penicillin?
Genital herpes
The largest ethnic group in the United States is:
Hispanics.
Which of the following is a common criticism of symbolic interaction theory?
It does not fully account for the psychological aspects of human life.
The first slaves brought to what today is the United States arrived at:
Jamestown.
Which of the following is a way in which media affect sexual choices?
Listening to music with sexually degrading lyrics increases rates of sexual activity.
Developmental tasks of young adulthood include which of the following?
Making fertility or childbearing decisions
Through which court case did same-sex marriage become legal in the United States?
Obergefell v. Hodges
What method of research deals with large amounts of information that is analyzed and presented statistically?
Quantitative
Which of the following is not a major problem in using the survey method in family research?
Questionnaires are one of the most expensive and difficult research methods.
Which of the following is a central feature of romantic love?
Sharing thoughts and secrets
Managing jealousy requires which of the following?
The recognition by each partner of the feelings and motivation of the other
Which of the following is true regarding sexual scripts?
These scripts are available for heterosexuals, lesbians, bisexuals, and gay men.
Which of the following statements is true of surveys?
They are the most popular data gathering tool in marriage and family studies.
The only way to completely prevent sexually-transmitted diseases is through:
abstinence.
According to attachment theory:
all important love relationships are attachments.
Clinical research examines:
people who come to a psychiatrist, psychologist, or social worker.
Kate has not seen or heard from her mother since Hurricane Katrina hit the Louisiana town where her mother lived. She does not know for sure if her mother is dead or alive. Kate feels her mother's psychological presence even though she is not physically with her. Pauline Boss uses the term _____ to describe what Kate is feeling.
ambiguous loss
A strong dislike, fear, or hatred of lesbians and gay men because of their homosexuality is known as:
antigay prejudice.
Factors affecting commitment include:
balance of costs and benefits.
The study of marriage and family is:
both abstract and personal.
When it comes to opinions and values about marriage and family relationships:
both the wider society and academic disciplines are conflicted.
According to the text, the functions of the family may include all of the following except:
caring for extended family.
The traditional white female gender role:
centers on women's roles as wives and mothers.
According to your text, intimacy refers to:
closeness between two people.
Companionate love consists of:
commitment and intimacy.
Professor Brooks is a centrist. This means he is:
conservative about some issues and liberal about other issues.
The family over time has moved from being an economically productive unit to a(n):
consuming, service-oriented unit.
In the hypothesis "race influences marital status," marital status is the:
dependent variable.
In colonial families, adolescence:
did not exist as a separate life stage.
Conflict theory assumes that:
differences lead to conflict.
Social classes are typically identified using _________ indicators.
economic
Mistaken beliefs that everyone has the same experiences and values as oneself and therefore should think the same way one does are called:
egocentric fallacies.
Sexual responsibility involves:
engaging in mutually agreed-upon sexual activities.
When it comes to gender differences, our cultures teach us to:
exaggerate their degree and significance.
Symbolic interaction theory:
examines how people interact with each other.
Companionate marriages and families:
expected marriages to provide romance, sexual fulfillment, and emotional growth.
The most recent idea used to examine the dynamic nature of the family by family development theorists is the:
family life course.
The family in which we grow up is known as the:
family of orientation.
A group of two or more persons related by birth, marriage, or adoption and residing together is the definition of:
family used by the U. S. Census Bureau.
One problem with research data on sex is social desirability bias, which means there is a tendency:
for subjects to give researchers socially desirable responses.
African Americans:
have a long history of being dual-earner families.
When compared to married couples or singles, cohabiting couples tend to:
have sex more often.
In society certain particular models of ideal male and female behaviors are held up as standards for all. These are called:
hegemonic masculinity and emphasized femininity.
To conservatives, cultural values have shifted from _____ toward ________.
individual self-sacrifice; personal self-fulfillment
The role of fathers in gender-role development:
involves pressure to behave in gender-appropriate ways.
Jealousy:
is a yardstick for measuring insecurity or possessiveness.
The feminist perspective has been criticized because it:
is not a unified theory.
The _____ system is the social organization of the family.
kinship
According to conflict theory, four important sources of power in relationships are:
legitimacy, money, physical coercion, and love.
When we first meet someone, intimacy increases rapidly as we:
make critical discoveries about each other.
As a result of industrialization:
men's work was given higher status than women's work.
According to John Gagnon, the inoculation theory of sex education means that parents:
mention sexuality once and think that is enough.
Most Native American families in the Colonial Era practiced:
monogamy.
Research on how children learn about sex suggests that most parent-child discussions about sex are really:
mother-daughter conversations.
Slave marriages were:
not recognized as legal.
When we suspend personal beliefs we are applying:
objectivity.
When studying gender, it is best to keep in mind that:
our perceptions of gender differences are much greater than actual differences.
The most common type of gender stratification is:
patriarchy.
In 1967, the U.S. Supreme court ruled in the case of Loving v. Virginia and decided that it was unconstitutional for states to:
prohibit interracial marriage.
Case studies and in-depth interviews are examples of:
qualitative research.
A group of people who share common phenotypical characteristics is known as a(n):
racial group.
The primary feminist theory goal is to:
raise society's level of awareness regarding the oppression of women and all other disadvantaged groups.
Meg tends to anticipate and overreact to rejection. Meg's behavior is an example of:
rejection sensitivity.
In the contemporary family, _____ have had the greatest impact on reshaping the meaning and experiences of sexuality and parenthood.
revolutions in contraception and biomedical technology
According to Sternberg's triangular theory of love, the combination of intimacy and passion results in:
romantic love.
Our marriage system in the United States may best be described as:
serial monogamy or modified polygamy.
Parents who overreact to children's sexual curiosity may create a sense that:
sex is wrong.
Equity is a key component of ____________ theory.
social exchange
The shaping of individual behavior to conform to social or cultural norms is referred to as:
socialization.
According to a 2005 study of young, heterosexual couples, a sexual double standard:
still exists.
Cognitive development theory ideally:
stresses the importance of age in learning.
Marital commitments may last longer than those of unmarried couples because:
structural constraints do not apply to marriage.
Family systems theory is a combination of:
structural functionalism and symbolic interaction theory.
The research method that is most popular in marriage and family studies is the:
survey method.
An ethnic identity that is used only when the individual chooses is known as a(n):
symbolic ethnicity.
The first year after freedom for the African Americans was called:
the "traveling" time.
Exchange theory predicts that we will stay in an unhappy marriage when:
the costs of leaving are greater than the rewards of leaving and/or the costs of staying.
Coitus is defined as:
the insertion of the penis into the vagina and subsequent stimulation.
In the colonial family, the married woman was:
thought of as a helpmate.
Combining observational data with data obtained through other methods such as surveys or secondary analysis is a process referred to as:
triangulation.
The portrayal of family life that results from soap opera families and daytime talk shows is:
unrealistic and highly negative.
Until the later decades of the 20th century, most research about American marriages and families was conducted on:
white, middle-class Americans.