Mastering A&P (CH.17,18,19)

The total volume of blood in the body of an adult male is approximately ________ liters.

5-6

Bill wants to determine his blood type, so he takes a few drops of blood from a puncture wound in his finger and mixes it with various antisera. His blood cells agglutinate when mixed with the anti-A sera but not with the anti-B or anti-D sera. This means

Bill's plasma contains B antibodies. Bill is Rh negative. Bill could receive type A-negative blood in a transfusion. Bill could donate blood to an individual with type AB blood.

Which of the plasma proteins or blood components function in clotting and normally accounts for roughly 4 percent of plasma proteins?

Fibrinogen

Which blood type contains RBCs with surface antigen B only and plasma that contains only anti-A antibodies?

Type B

Which blood type consists of plasma containing both anti-A and anti-B antibodies?

Type O

Which of these descriptions best matches the term platelets?

adhere to collagen beneath endothelium

Monocytes are classified as :

agranular leukocytes, which are very large cells with kidney bean-shaped nuclei and abundant cytoplasm.

Hemolytic disease of the newborn may result if

an Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive fetus.

Hematology can detect

anemia. infection. diminished erythropoiesis. clotting disorders.

The function of hemoglobin is to

carry oxyegn

The function of red blood cells is to

carry oxygen from the lungs to the body's cells.

The blood vessel that supplies blood to the liver, stomach, and spleen is the ________.

celiac trunk

All of the veins listed are deep veins except internal jugular. anterior tibial. superior vena cava. femoral. cephalic.

cephalic

Which of the following is not a characteristic of venous valves?

channeling blood away from the heart

The venous system:

consists of vessels (veins) that have valves.

Capillaries that have a complete lining are called

continuous capillaries

The process of red blood cell production is called

erythropoeisis

The yellow color that is visible in the eyes and skin in jaundice results from

excessive amounts of bilirubin in the plasma. destruction of hemoglobin. extensive breakdown of RBCs.

The pulmonary trunk:

exits the right ventricle.

Capillaries with a perforated lining are called

fenestrated capillaries

The earliest precursor cells that give rise to blood cells are

hemangioblasts

The percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood is the

hematocrit

________ transport(s) oxygen and CO2 in the RBCs.

hemoglobin molecules

An increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration is termed

hyperchromic

Blood is drained from the various venous sinuses within the cranium by the:

internal jugular vein

Which of the following is incorrect about hemoglobin?

it is a plasma protein

All of the following blood disorders are due to specific issues with RBCs except

myeloid leukemia.

During a bacterial infection you would expect to see increased numbers of

neutrophils

Which white blood cell population is found in the highest abundance and has lobed nuclei resembling a string of beads?

neutrophils

The ________ artery is the kidney's sole blood supply.

renal artery

Blood returning from the systemic circuit enters the

right atrium

The brachiocephalic trunk branches to form which of the following?

right subclavian artery and right common carotid artery

The blood vessel that supplies blood to the pancreas, the small intestine, and most of the large intestine is the ________.

superior mesenteric artery

The vessel that receives blood from the head, neck, chest, shoulders, and arms is the

superior vena cava

These vessels hold the largest percentage of the blood supply.

systemic venous system

Which of the following is/are (a) congenital blood disorder(s)?

thalassemias

Vasculogenesis refers to

the formation of the first blood vessels

Angiogenesis refers to

the growth of new blood vessels from preexisting vessels.

Branches off the aortic arch include

the left subclavian artery. the left common carotid artery. the brachiocephalic trunk

Sensitization during hemolytic disease of the newborn refers to

the mother's immune system producing antibodies against the fetus' RBCs.

If the blood types of a donor and recipient are compatible, then

there is no reaction between antibodies and antigens.

Which of the following is characteristic of a typical artery?

thick tunica media, dominated by smooth muscle cells and elastic fibers

The most common congenital heart defect is

ventricular septum defect.

After blood leaves the capillaries, it enters the

venules

The vessel that passes through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae is the

vertebral vein

The combination of plasma and formed elements is called

whole blood

The two vertebral arteries fuse to form a large artery, the

basilar artery.

All of the vessel names below refer to both an artery and a vein except: basilic. axillary. femoral. gonadal. radial.

basilic

Which of the following is not a phagocytic cell?

basophil

If bile ducts are blocked,

bilirubin appears in the skin and eyes.

The systemic circuit delivers oxygenated blood to ________ and returns blood to the ________.

body organs; right atrium

Arteries of the pulmonary circuit:

carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

________ involves a cascade of reactions leading to the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.

coagulation

________ are multiple arteries joined in order to serve a single capillary network.

collaterals

The ________ divides the aorta into the thoracic aorta and the abdominal aorta.

diaphragm

Some rat poisons contain a toxin that blocks the liver's ability to utilize vitamin K. Animals that consume this poison would die of

hemorrhage

What term is associated with elevated values of mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrations (MCH)?

hyperchromic

Plasma proteins essential in body defense are the

immunoglobins

An important artery that supplies blood to the brain is the ________ artery.

internal carotid

angiogenesis:

is the growth of new blood vessels from preexisting vessels.

Which structures fuse along the ventral surface of the medulla oblongata to form the basilar artery?

left and right vertebral arteries

Pulmonary veins carry blood to the

left atrium

The left atrium pumps blood to the:

left ventricle

Which of the following plays a major role in the body's defense mechanisms?

leukocytes

Which organ secretes most of the plasma proteins?

liver

Pulmonary arteries carry blood to the

lungs

The vein in the arm commonly sampled for blood by venipuncture is the ________.

median cubital vein

An artery delivering blood to the kidney would have ________ blood in it and would be part of the ________ circuit.

oxygenated; systemic

Which blood disorder involves a deficiency of Vitamin B12?

pernicious anemia

An elevated hematocrit value is termed

polycythemia

In a capillary bed, bands of smooth muscle at the entrance to each capillary are called:

precapillary sphincters

A person's blood type is determined largely by the

presence of specific glycoproteins on the cell membrane.

Which of the following break(s) the rule that arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart?

pulmonary arteries

Arrange the following vessels in the order in which blood would pass through them

pulmonary trunk pulmonary arteries pulmonary arterioles alveolar capillaries pulmonary venules pulmonary veins

Blood moves forward through veins because of all of the following except

pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein.

A condition where pathogens are present and multiplying in the blood is called

septicemia

An example of a heritable blood disorder is

sickle cell anemia. thalassemia. hemophilia.

The type of capillary that permit the free exchange of water and solutes as large as plasma proteins are the

sinusoids

The bronchial arteries branch from the ________ to supply the lung airways.

thoracic aorta

The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is catalyzed by

thrombin

Which of the following is a function of the blood?

transport of gases transport of nutrients and wastes defense against toxins and pathogens transport of body heat

How does a treatment with RhoGAM prevent hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)?

It destroys fetal RBCs that enter the maternal circulation.

Which of the following is not a function of the blood?

NOT - generates body temperature transports nutrients to the tissues restricts fluid losses at injury sites regulates the pH and ion concentrations of interstitial fluids

Each of the following is a characteristic of whole blood except

NOT - viscosity about the same as water. the ability to absorb heat from active skeletal muscles. the ability to neutralize acids. deep red color. a built-in system for clotting.

Type O+ blood cannot be given to a type _______ recipient.

O-

The most common form of hemolytic disease of the newborn happens after an ___ woman has carried an __ fetus.

Rh-; Rh+

A rouleaux is:

a stack of red blood cells

Branches of the thoracic aorta include all of the following except the ________ arteries.

basilar

Which vessel(s) supplies/supply the frontal and parietal lobes of the brain?

anterior cerebral artery

Which of the following is not an artery?

aorta NOT inferior vena cava celiac trunk common carotids

After passing the first rib, the subclavian artery becomes the ________ artery.

axillary

Veins of the brain empty into

dural sinuses

Arrange the structures in the following list in the order that blood will encounter as it flows from the heart back to the heart in the cardiovascular circuit.

elastic arteries muscular arteries arterioles capillaries venules medium veins large veins

A plasma protein essential for blood coagulation is

fibrinogen

Which of the following is not one of the three phases of hemostasis?

fibrinous

Compared to arteries, veins

have thinner walls.

Which of the following is the innermost layer of a blood vessel?

tunica intima

The muscular layer of a blood vessel is the

tunica media

Venoconstriction reduces the diameter of which vessel?

vein

The large vessels that return blood to the heart are called

veins