Mastering Biology Chapter 4

Which of the following is a function of the central vacuole?

Storing compounds produced by the cell

Which of the following organelles breaks down worn out organelles?

lysosomes

Which plant cell organelle converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell?

mitochondrion

What structure acts as a selective barrier, regulating the traffic of materials into and out of the cell?

plasma membrane

The nuclear envelope is composed of __________.

a double membrane

In plant cells, ___________ may contain organic nutrients, pigments, and poisons.

central vacuoles

The structural framework in a cell is the

cytoskeleton.

Vacuoles are _____________.

membranous sacs

What is the smallest entity that exhibits all the characteristics of life?

a cell

Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the structures of an animal cell.

a. cytoskeleton b. ribosomes c. nucleus d. smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) e. cytosol f. Golgi apparatus g. rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) h. mitochondrion i. plasma membrane

You find a cell of a type you have never seen before. The cell has both a nucleus and a cell wall. Therefore, you conclude that it is likely to be a(n) ________ cell.

plant

When using a microscope to view cells you obtained from scraping under your fingernails, you notice that the cells lack nuclei; therefore, you conclude that the cells must be a type of ______________ cell.

prokaryotic

Which of the following are the two main components of cellular membranes?

proteins and phospholipids

Using the figure below for a reference, approximately how many times larger is a nucleus compared to a protein?

1,000 times larger

__________ are found only in plant cells, but _________ are found in both plant and animal cells.

Central vacuoles; ribosomes

___________ are the major lipids of plasma membranes.

Phosphilipids

Which one of the following groups is composed of prokaryotic cells?

bacteria

The plant cell wall

is a protective structure made of cellulose fibrils.

What carries instruction for making proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm?

mRNA

Where does protein synthesis take place?

on ribosomes

Which of the following is a function of the plasma membrane?

regulate the traffic of chemicals in and out of the cell

Examine the structures of the plant and animal cells below. Which of the following organelles connect(s) to the nuclear envelope?

the endoplasmic reticulum

If a cell's lysosomes burst, the cell would _____________.

digest itself

Plant cells, unlike animal cells, are characterized by the presence of a _____________.

cell wall and a central vacuole

The figure below shows a Paramecium, a single-celled freshwater protist. The hairlike structures visible on the Paramecium allow it to move. These structures are ________.

cilia

Which plant organelle is responsible for photosynthesis?

chloroplast

In eukaryotic cells, what name is given to the region between the nucleus and the plasma membrane?

cytoplasm

The term used to indicate the part of a eukaryotic cell where organelles are suspended in fluid is ____________.

cytoplasm

During a race such as a marathon, the skeletal muscle cells in your legs use a lot of energy to continually contract and power your muscles. What organelle is most likely abundant in skeletal muscle cells?

mitochondria

Which of the following parts of a cell is (are) most like the shipping center of a company?

the Golgi apparatus

Where are lipids made in the cell?

smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Similar to the nucleus, chloroplasts and mitochondria are ____________.

surrounded by two membranes

1 meter = __________ centimeters.

100

Which of the following is part of the endomembrane system?

Golgi apparatus

Which of the following describes the function of the chloroplast?

The chloroplast converts light energy to chemical energy.

A plant cell has a versatile compartment that stores organic nutrients, absorbs water, and contains poisons that protect against plant-eating animals. This compartment is the ________.

central vacuole

One difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells is that eukaryotic cells ______ prokaryotic cells.

have membrane-enclosed structures called organelles, which are lacking in

Rough endoplasmic reticulum appears "rough" because ____________.

many ribosomes stud the outside of the ER membrane

Where is the genetic information of the cell stored?

nucleus

Which of the following correctly matches the organelle with its function?

vacuole...storage

One of the ways smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) differs from rough endoplasmic reticulum is that rough ER is covered by

ribosomes.

Mitochondria, the cites of cellular respiration, are found in _____________.

plant cells and animal cells

What is the primary site of protein production in a eukaryotic cell?

ribosomes

Drag the correct label under each cell structure to identify whether it is found only in animal cells, only in plant cells, or in both types of cells. Labels can be used once or more than once.

Lysosome - found in ANIMAL cells but not most plant cells Cell wall - found in PLANT cells but not animal cells Nucleus - found in both PLANT and ANIMAL cells Chloroplast - found in PLANT cells but not animal cells Rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) - found in both PLANT and ANIMAL cells

Drag the correct description under each cell structure to identify the role it plays in the cell.

Nucleus - stores the genetic information of the cell Lysosome - breaks down macromolecules using digestive enzymes Mitochondrion - converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell Ribosome - works with mRNA to synthesize proteins Smooth ER - site of lipid synthesis

Drag the correct description under each cell structure to identify the role it plays in the cell.

Plant cell wall - strong, protective structure made from cellulose fibrils Central vacuole - regulates cytoplasm composition, creates internal pressure, and stores cell compounds Chloroplast - makes food by converting light energy into chemical energy Mitochondrion - converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy (ATP) that can power the cell Golgi apparatus - modifies and packages proteins

Can you label the structures of a plant cell?

a. central vacuole b. cell wall c. chloroplast d. Golgi apparatus e. smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) f. rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) g. nucleus h. mitochondrion

Drag the organelle labels to the appropriate pink targets. Then identify the function of each organelle on the blue target below it.

a. nucleus - stores genetic information b. plasma membrane - regulates transport c. cytoskeleton - provides support d. Golgi - processes proteins e. lysosome - breakdown and recycling f. flagellum - movement g. mitochondrion - energy harvest

Lysosomes are responsible for _________.

digestion of organic matter inside the cell

Which of the following is stored in the lysosomes of the cell?

digestive enzymes

Functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum include _______________.

lipid synthesis, steroid synthesis, and drug detoxification

Based on its function in detoxifying drugs, you would expect to find a large amount of smooth ER in ______ cells.

liver

Where in a cell is ATP made?

mitochondria

In some eukaryotic cells, cilia and flagella are motile, cellular appendages that aid the cell in _____________.

movement