Materials of Decoration; PORCELAIN and CERAMICS

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Pulcinella

"PUNCH"; He is portrayed as pitiable, helpless, and often physically disfigured; identifiable b his typical costume of a loose tunic, tall conical hat, and black mask with a prominent hooked nose.

Lithographic Method

(Staffordshire) transfer printing was succeeded by the ________________________, A CHEAP TRANSFER PROCESS, and the collector'sinterest in Staffordshire usually stops at that point.

Du Pacquier

2ND FACTORY to PRODUCE HARD-PASTE PORCELAIN; founded in Vienna by CLAUDIUS DU PAQUIER

Sgrafitto

A CHINESE CERAMIC TECHNIQUE in which the design is INCISED through a colored slip; drawn with a POINTED TOOL

Hafner ware

A GERMAN LEAD-GLAZED EARTHENWARE, popular in 16th cent. and 17th cent; has many vests imitating metal jugs and tankards.

Sancai

A THREE-COLOR GLAZE TECHNIQUE that is a feature of Tang ceramics; the glazes—most often shades of amber, yellow, green, and white—are allowed to drip and run across the surface of the form.

Terre de Pipe

A favorite earth in the construction of pottery in France was the ________________________; its PURE WHITENESS & FINENESS affording excellent qualities which went far towards perfecting the French styles of decoration.

Bone China

A hard translucent CHINAWARE PRODUCED CHIEFLY IN ENGLAND; requires TWO (2) FIRINGS; The clay body contains a large amount of OX BONE ASH.

Johann Friedrich Bottger

ALCHEMIST who discovered the materials required to produce a white, translucent, high-fired porcelain body, introducing to Europe the ART OF MAKING TRUE HARD-PASTE PORCELAIN of the CHINESE TYPE.

Slip

Aka. ENGOBE; FORM OF GLAZE; semi-solid fluid composed of clay and water; various colors are obtained through the ease of oxides.

Delft Ware

BLUE & WHITE DUTCH POTTERY in the 16th Century; emulated Chinese wares (Wan-Li Porcelain) using Majolica technique.

Augustus the Strong

BOTTGER STONEWARE, was used for both ware and figures, including one depicting _______________________, ELECTOR OF SAXONY.

Red Stoneware

BOTTGERS EXPERIMENTS with the formula for porcelain; included the development of a high fired _____________________, which ed to several technological advances ultimately resulting in porcelain.

Istoriato

CERAMIC that TELLS A STORY/NARRATIVE; Majolica had a last flowering at Urbino in the last third of the 16th century, wherein a new, rich, decorative style known as _____________________ reach its zenith.

Keramos

CERAMICS came from the GREEK work "______________________", that. Literally means potter's clay

Yangshao ware

CHINESE NEOLITHIC AGE POTTERY; fired at 1000 to 1500°C; patterns are mostly GEOMETRIC & SYMMETRICAL; painted.

Stoneware

CLASSIFICATION OF POTTERY; a HIGH-FIRE clay; Stoneware is waterproof even without glaze; the resulting ware is sturdier than earthenware.

Porcelain

CLASSIFICATION OF POTTERY; is a Chinese invention; FELDSPATHIC material in a fusible state; "the aristocrat of the potters wheel"; HAS. A CLEAR WHITE COLOR and is EXTREMELY HARD & TRANSLUCENT

Earthenware

CLASSIFICATION OF POTTERY; oldest and most universal; Anything made of clay and baked in a kiln or dried in the sun.

Underglaze

COLORED GLAZE DECORATION applied to bisqued clay, then coated with a clear glaze. Typically made of clay slip and raw pigment; it is PATTERNED AND PAINTING BEFORE GLAZING/FIRING

Lungshan pottery

Chinese Neolithic age pottery; of lacquer BLACK SHARD of, at times, eggshell thinness. UNDECORATED & ALMOST METALLIC IN FORM.

Tzu'Chou

Chinese stoneware; Sung/Song Dynasty; characterized by an UNDERGLAZE BLACK DECORATION that occurs on white or glaze porcelain of the highest quality; COMBINES TRANSPARENT GLAZES WITH BOLD SLIP PAINTING, SGRAFFITO, CARVING, etc.

Ju Yao

Chinese stoneware; Sung/Song dynasty; "BUFF STONEWARE"; covered with a celadon-like bluish gray glaze with fine crackle.

Qingci ware (Celadon)

Chinese stoneware; Sung/Song dynasty; "GREENISH PORCELAIN"

Kuan

Chinese stoneware; Sung/Song dynasty; RARE STONEWARE washed with BROWN SLIP and the glaze varies from pale green to lavender blue with wide-meshed crackle.

Chi-Chou

Chinese stoneware; Sung/Song dynasty; White porcelain with SLIGHTLY BLUISH/GREENISH GLAZE.

Kang-hsi and Imari

DELFT-WARE FACTORIES also began producing POLYCHROME CERAMICS, copying the CHINESE ____________________ and the JAPANESE _______________________.

Amstel Porcelain

DUTCH PORCELAIN that started in Weesp, near Amsterdam; produced hard-paste porcelain that had a fine white body and of the best quality; closely resembling the body or Dresden China with landscape and figure decorations

Hague Porcelain

DUTCH PORCELAIN; hard-paste porcelain made at a factory at Holland; identical with Dresdenware in body and glazed; TABLE SERVICES were decoration with a beautiful BLEU DE' ROI (Royal blue color) WITH RICH GUILDING

Delftware

De Koninklijke Porceleyne Fles founded in 1653 is only remain original product or Dutch _______________________.

Transfer Printed Pottery

Discovered by *JOHN SADLER* in 1754. A method of transferring a design to paper from an engraved copper plate coated with pigment, and from paper to pottery.

Majolica

ENAMELLED ITALIAN POTTERY richly decorated in colors; THE GREATEST CONTRIBUTION of ITALY to CERAMICS.

Germany

EUROPEAN STONEARE WAS DEVELOPED in ____________________ at the end of the 14th century; SALT-GLAZED.

Frit Paste

Earliest China made by Worcester was made of _________________________; characterized by its density and a GREENISH TINT when seen by transmitted light.

Bristol Ware

English Ceramics MILK WHITE W/ GLITTERING GLAZE; exceedingly hard and durable, often decorated in the Chinese manner; RICHARD CHAMPION

Bow Ware

English Ceramics: 1ST SOFT-PASTE PORCELAIN IN ENGLAND; 1st called the "NEW CANTON"; Eventually became part of the Derby Marker: Anchor and dagger in red

Jasper Ware

English Ceramics: Bisque made by Wedgewood; (1)Known as DIP JASPER, and in blue, colored clear through (2)Known as SOLID JASPER, and in white bas relief used in different colors.

Wedgwood Ware

English Ceramics: From its creator, JOSIAH. Produced a cream ware which supplanted salt-glaze ware. Also known for BLACK BASALT WARE & JASPER WARE, among others.

Staffordshire

English Ceramics: Generic term for the industrial area encompassing the six towns (Tunstall, Burslem, Hanley, Stoke, Fenton and Longton) that now make up Stoke-on-Trent in England. Can usually be IDENTIFIED FROM THE DESIGN OF ITS BORDERS; naturalistic motifs

Chelsea Ware

English Ceramics: Manufactured very soft-paste porcelain. Founded in 1745 under the direction of NICHOLAS SPRIMONT (1750). Sold to William Duesbery of the Derby factory. Added CALCINED BONE ASH to their paste. Known for their dark blue ground and rich claret color. Stilt marks. Toys were most valued.

Queen's Ware/Cream Ware

English Ceramics: ORIGINAL CREAM-COLORED EARTHENWARE named for QUEEN CHARLOTTE, wife of George III; applies to all light-colored English earthenware; body is white due to the invention of so-called IRONSTONE CHINA.

Basalt Ware

English Ceramics; A SOLID BLACK STONEWARE of great hardness, unglazed.

Agate Ware

English Ceramics; Earthenware made either in surface or solid decoration to RESEMBLING VEINING OF NATURAL STONE.

Toft Ware

English Ceramics; SLIP DECORATED POTTERY; by RALPH & THOMAS TOFT.; material was usually coarse reddish clay and the decorating is done in a rather crude manner. DISTINCTIVE YELLOW TONE.

Whieldon Ware

English Ceramics; TORTOISE SHELL WARE by THOMAS WIELDON; applied to all classes of ware o a mottled, cloudy, or splashed character.

Spode Ware

English Ceramics; factory produced under-glaze blue-printed cream ware, stone chine, black and jasper ware, superior bone china.

Lowesoft

English Ceramics; founded by ROBERT BROWNE Usually inscribed with words "A TRIFLE FROM ***"; decorated mostly after Chinese patterns with blue and white under the glaze; blue-green tinge.

Chantilly

Established by LOUIS HENRY (DUC DE BOURBON); products of the ________________________ WARES directly copied Japanese pieces, while others are executed in a style reminiscent to Japanese porcelain (*Weeb porcelain pfft)

Capo Dii Monte

FACTORY that DEVELOPED A FORMULA FOR A DISTINCTIVE SOFT-PASTE PORCELAIN BODY that is characterized by a: 1. Creamy color and unusually clear glaze 2. It's mark "N" surmounted by a crown in blue

Sevres

FACTORY; originally from Viscennes; SET STANDARDS FOR EUROPEAN PORCELAIN PRODUCTION; King Louis XV provided financial banking and bought the 1st diner service of this factory.

Saint Cloud

FIRST WARES produced at ____________________ closely imitate Chinese blue and white porcelain but typically with French Subject matter such as foliage, scrollwork, and animals or human heads

Fayence de Oiron/Herni Deux Ware/Saint-Poichaire

French ceramic that was made for RESTRICTED FRENCH CLIENTELE from the 1520s-1540s; TRUE-PIPE CLAY PASTE; white with a yellowish tint glaze; Also had bold, elegant designs, in relief, of natural objects, heraldic ornaments, wealths, interlacing, arabesques, and cavities filled with colored pastes.

Limoges

French hard-paste porcelain factory established in 1774; The 1ST HARD PORCELAIN SEAS made in _______________________ due to the fact that Kaolin was discovered in France; made from the finest, purest, and whitest porcelain in the world.

Poterie Deluxe

GERMAN CERAMIC STYLE exceedingly fine in color, form and ornament. HIGHEST EMINENCE which German pottery reached.

Overglaze

GLAZE DECORATION applied on the surface of an ALREADY GLAZED PIECE AND THEN REFIRED;

Francesco de Medici

GRAND DUKE OF TUSCANY who produced an INFERIOR TYPE OF SOFT-PASED PORCELAIN in the 16th century; The 1ST IN EUROPE to make imitations of CHINESE PORCELAIN.

Lucca Della Robia

Goldsmith and sculptor who discovered the use of *STANNIFEROUS ENAMEL*, the hardest glaze then in use; Credited to the one to raise production of majolica from a craft to high art.

Yueh ware

Han Dynasty; CELADON-GLAZED stoneware

Commedia dell'arte

IMPROVISED STREET THEATER that provided limitless source of subjects for both porcelain models and painters in the 18th century.

Passeri

ITALIAN ANTIQUARY OF DISTINCTION; he affixes the date 1492 to the introduction of Majolica ware and claims the discovery and introduction of the ware in Pesaro.

Francesco Vezzi

In 1720,________________________ established a PORCELAIN FACTORY WHICH PRODUCED HARD-PASTE PORCELAIN on a significant scale in Italy.

Meissen

JOHANN FRIEDRICH BOTGER established a factory at ________________________ that PRODUCED BOTTGER PORCELAIN (creamy white porcelain characterized by Chinoiseries) becoming the 1st European manufacture of had-paste porcelain.

Soft Porcelain

KIND OF PORCELAIN; fired below 2300˚ F; IMITATION PORCELAIN that is more translucent and does not have the clear ringing tone of true porcelain.

Hard Porcelain

KIND OF PORCELAIN; fired between 2390˚-2570˚ F; Best kind of porcelain and usually called the "TRUE PORCELAIN"; made of KAOLIN whose glaze was also feldspathic and fired in one with the body whose fusion regulated in perfection of the surface.

Master Giorgio Andreoli

Known to have *PERFECTED THE LUSTER TECHNIQUE*.

Bianchi di Faenza

LIGHTLY DECORATED WHITE WARES made in Faenza;

Dresden Ware

MEISEN CERAMICS are usually identified by the CROSSED SWORD MARK OF MEISSEN, these wares came to be known as __________________wares

Worcester

Of all the English Porcelain ventures of the 18th century, ________________________ had SURVIVED WITH A RECORDED OF CONTINUOUS ACTIVITY DOWN TO THE PRESENT DAY; imitations of Chinese Porcelain

Han Period; Meissen

PORCELAIN was 1ST MADE BY CHINESE POTTERS towards the end of the _________________________; It was 1ST MASTERED in the occidental world at the GERMAN FACTORY in _______________________.

Blue Porcelain

Porcelain which USED IRON AS PIGMENT; 1st appeared as early as Shang dynasty, but reached its maturity in the Eastern Han.

Chou Dynasty/Zhou Dynasty

Pottery during the PERIOD OF WARRING STATES that produced UTILITARIAN POTTERY; hard grey clay w/ no glaze

Doccia Ware

Principal Features of this ware is: 1. IMITATION OF THE MAJOLICA 2. SUCCESSFUL REPRODUCTION OF THE BAS RELIEFS OF LUCA DELLA ROBIA 3. Its principal mark is TWO TRIANGLES CROSSED, FORMING A 6 POINTER STAR

Bernard Palissy

ROYAL POTTER TO CATHERINE DE MEDICI reproducing scriptural and mythological subject in low relief and for his rustic pieces decorated with sharply modeled forms copied from nature; Succeeded in producing a widely imitated pottery, admired for smooth glazes in richly colored enamels;

Burn Retiro/El Retiro

SPANISH COUNTERPART of CAPO DI MONTE; consists of BEAUTIFUL FIGURINES IN GROUPS OF SOFT PORCELAIN, PLAQUES FOR WALLS IN ROCOCO SPIRIT; MOST COSTLY & PERFECT PORCELAIN

Majolica

SPANISH WARE TERM generally applied to pottery painted with a tin glaze that, when fired, gives a lustrous and colorful surface; FUSION OF RENAISSANCE W/ MOORISH MOTIFS

Azulejos (tiles)

SPANISH WARE; TILES with a BLUISH HUE; painted with groups of people engaged in sports, amusements, dancing, drinking, etc.

Biscuit State/Bisque

STAGE OF POTTERY; ware has UNDERGONE LOW RANGE FIRING

Glazed State

STAGE OF POTTERY; ware is COVERED WITH GLAZED and has UNDERGONE FIRING

Clay State/Greenware

STAGE OF POTTERY; ware is formed but has NOT GONE UNDER FIRING

6000+

TERRACOTTA ARMY OF SHIHAUNGDI has an imperial legion of more than ________________________ life-sized soldiers.

Majorca ware

TIN-GLAZED EARTHENWARE, from Majorca;

Peasant Delft

TYPE OF DELFTWARE made for LOCAL CONSUMPTION

Faience

The 1ST PORCELAIN in FRANCE were made ______________________ factories.

Decalcomania

The ART OF TRANSFERRING DESIGNS from specially prepared PAPER TO WOOD, GLASS, OR METAL SURFACE.

Dr. Wall

The BEST PERIOD OF OLD WORCESTER CHINA and its richest decoration was made from the ___________________________PERIOD where the SALMON-SCALE BLUE GROUND and superlative quality building were the characteristics.

Song Dynasty/Sung Dynasty

The GOLDEN AGE OF CHINESE CULTURE; greatest era of Chinese pottery

Pottery

The production of _______________________ is said to be ONE OF THE MOST ANCIENT ARTS and in all ages reflects the condition of every art.

Ceramics or Pottery

The term ___________________ or ___________________ refers to ARTIFACTS MADE OF HEATED EARTH / EARTHEN WARE but the usual modern distinction is to apply it to ware that is opaque when iit ccomes from the kiln / oven

Cobalt

To obtain colors for the SLIP OXIDES of these were used: _____________________ = Blue

Copper

To obtain colors for the SLIP OXIDES of these were used: _____________________ = Green

Manganese

To obtain colors for the SLIP OXIDES of these were used: _____________________ = Purple-brown to black

Iron

To obtain colors for the SLIP OXIDES of these were used: _____________________ = Red

Willow Pattern

Underglaze blue transfer printing was introduced by john turner and Josiah Spode and produced the new "__________________________", and from that time onward, Staffordshire production was enormous.

Slip Ware

WARE that has been DIPPED IN SLIP is called?

Tang Dynasty

Ware during the __________________________ is mainly composed of green, yellow, blue, and golden brown; these glazes were either monochrome or splashed and dappled; fine-crackle, uneven like glazing

Han Dynasty

Ware during the ____________________________ has patterns of dragons, tigers, zhucui (legendary bird guarding the west), and the clouds.

Bisque

What is another name for "Biscuit State"

Greenware

What is another term for "Clay State"

Transfer Printing

_________________________________ was introduced in Worcester and their early printed China is the best of its class ever made in England; printing was done in Lilac and red, as well as in the usual brown and black or in under-glaze blue


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