Materials of Decoration; PORCELAIN and CERAMICS
Pulcinella
"PUNCH"; He is portrayed as pitiable, helpless, and often physically disfigured; identifiable b his typical costume of a loose tunic, tall conical hat, and black mask with a prominent hooked nose.
Lithographic Method
(Staffordshire) transfer printing was succeeded by the ________________________, A CHEAP TRANSFER PROCESS, and the collector'sinterest in Staffordshire usually stops at that point.
Du Pacquier
2ND FACTORY to PRODUCE HARD-PASTE PORCELAIN; founded in Vienna by CLAUDIUS DU PAQUIER
Sgrafitto
A CHINESE CERAMIC TECHNIQUE in which the design is INCISED through a colored slip; drawn with a POINTED TOOL
Hafner ware
A GERMAN LEAD-GLAZED EARTHENWARE, popular in 16th cent. and 17th cent; has many vests imitating metal jugs and tankards.
Sancai
A THREE-COLOR GLAZE TECHNIQUE that is a feature of Tang ceramics; the glazes—most often shades of amber, yellow, green, and white—are allowed to drip and run across the surface of the form.
Terre de Pipe
A favorite earth in the construction of pottery in France was the ________________________; its PURE WHITENESS & FINENESS affording excellent qualities which went far towards perfecting the French styles of decoration.
Bone China
A hard translucent CHINAWARE PRODUCED CHIEFLY IN ENGLAND; requires TWO (2) FIRINGS; The clay body contains a large amount of OX BONE ASH.
Johann Friedrich Bottger
ALCHEMIST who discovered the materials required to produce a white, translucent, high-fired porcelain body, introducing to Europe the ART OF MAKING TRUE HARD-PASTE PORCELAIN of the CHINESE TYPE.
Slip
Aka. ENGOBE; FORM OF GLAZE; semi-solid fluid composed of clay and water; various colors are obtained through the ease of oxides.
Delft Ware
BLUE & WHITE DUTCH POTTERY in the 16th Century; emulated Chinese wares (Wan-Li Porcelain) using Majolica technique.
Augustus the Strong
BOTTGER STONEWARE, was used for both ware and figures, including one depicting _______________________, ELECTOR OF SAXONY.
Red Stoneware
BOTTGERS EXPERIMENTS with the formula for porcelain; included the development of a high fired _____________________, which ed to several technological advances ultimately resulting in porcelain.
Istoriato
CERAMIC that TELLS A STORY/NARRATIVE; Majolica had a last flowering at Urbino in the last third of the 16th century, wherein a new, rich, decorative style known as _____________________ reach its zenith.
Keramos
CERAMICS came from the GREEK work "______________________", that. Literally means potter's clay
Yangshao ware
CHINESE NEOLITHIC AGE POTTERY; fired at 1000 to 1500°C; patterns are mostly GEOMETRIC & SYMMETRICAL; painted.
Stoneware
CLASSIFICATION OF POTTERY; a HIGH-FIRE clay; Stoneware is waterproof even without glaze; the resulting ware is sturdier than earthenware.
Porcelain
CLASSIFICATION OF POTTERY; is a Chinese invention; FELDSPATHIC material in a fusible state; "the aristocrat of the potters wheel"; HAS. A CLEAR WHITE COLOR and is EXTREMELY HARD & TRANSLUCENT
Earthenware
CLASSIFICATION OF POTTERY; oldest and most universal; Anything made of clay and baked in a kiln or dried in the sun.
Underglaze
COLORED GLAZE DECORATION applied to bisqued clay, then coated with a clear glaze. Typically made of clay slip and raw pigment; it is PATTERNED AND PAINTING BEFORE GLAZING/FIRING
Lungshan pottery
Chinese Neolithic age pottery; of lacquer BLACK SHARD of, at times, eggshell thinness. UNDECORATED & ALMOST METALLIC IN FORM.
Tzu'Chou
Chinese stoneware; Sung/Song Dynasty; characterized by an UNDERGLAZE BLACK DECORATION that occurs on white or glaze porcelain of the highest quality; COMBINES TRANSPARENT GLAZES WITH BOLD SLIP PAINTING, SGRAFFITO, CARVING, etc.
Ju Yao
Chinese stoneware; Sung/Song dynasty; "BUFF STONEWARE"; covered with a celadon-like bluish gray glaze with fine crackle.
Qingci ware (Celadon)
Chinese stoneware; Sung/Song dynasty; "GREENISH PORCELAIN"
Kuan
Chinese stoneware; Sung/Song dynasty; RARE STONEWARE washed with BROWN SLIP and the glaze varies from pale green to lavender blue with wide-meshed crackle.
Chi-Chou
Chinese stoneware; Sung/Song dynasty; White porcelain with SLIGHTLY BLUISH/GREENISH GLAZE.
Kang-hsi and Imari
DELFT-WARE FACTORIES also began producing POLYCHROME CERAMICS, copying the CHINESE ____________________ and the JAPANESE _______________________.
Amstel Porcelain
DUTCH PORCELAIN that started in Weesp, near Amsterdam; produced hard-paste porcelain that had a fine white body and of the best quality; closely resembling the body or Dresden China with landscape and figure decorations
Hague Porcelain
DUTCH PORCELAIN; hard-paste porcelain made at a factory at Holland; identical with Dresdenware in body and glazed; TABLE SERVICES were decoration with a beautiful BLEU DE' ROI (Royal blue color) WITH RICH GUILDING
Delftware
De Koninklijke Porceleyne Fles founded in 1653 is only remain original product or Dutch _______________________.
Transfer Printed Pottery
Discovered by *JOHN SADLER* in 1754. A method of transferring a design to paper from an engraved copper plate coated with pigment, and from paper to pottery.
Majolica
ENAMELLED ITALIAN POTTERY richly decorated in colors; THE GREATEST CONTRIBUTION of ITALY to CERAMICS.
Germany
EUROPEAN STONEARE WAS DEVELOPED in ____________________ at the end of the 14th century; SALT-GLAZED.
Frit Paste
Earliest China made by Worcester was made of _________________________; characterized by its density and a GREENISH TINT when seen by transmitted light.
Bristol Ware
English Ceramics MILK WHITE W/ GLITTERING GLAZE; exceedingly hard and durable, often decorated in the Chinese manner; RICHARD CHAMPION
Bow Ware
English Ceramics: 1ST SOFT-PASTE PORCELAIN IN ENGLAND; 1st called the "NEW CANTON"; Eventually became part of the Derby Marker: Anchor and dagger in red
Jasper Ware
English Ceramics: Bisque made by Wedgewood; (1)Known as DIP JASPER, and in blue, colored clear through (2)Known as SOLID JASPER, and in white bas relief used in different colors.
Wedgwood Ware
English Ceramics: From its creator, JOSIAH. Produced a cream ware which supplanted salt-glaze ware. Also known for BLACK BASALT WARE & JASPER WARE, among others.
Staffordshire
English Ceramics: Generic term for the industrial area encompassing the six towns (Tunstall, Burslem, Hanley, Stoke, Fenton and Longton) that now make up Stoke-on-Trent in England. Can usually be IDENTIFIED FROM THE DESIGN OF ITS BORDERS; naturalistic motifs
Chelsea Ware
English Ceramics: Manufactured very soft-paste porcelain. Founded in 1745 under the direction of NICHOLAS SPRIMONT (1750). Sold to William Duesbery of the Derby factory. Added CALCINED BONE ASH to their paste. Known for their dark blue ground and rich claret color. Stilt marks. Toys were most valued.
Queen's Ware/Cream Ware
English Ceramics: ORIGINAL CREAM-COLORED EARTHENWARE named for QUEEN CHARLOTTE, wife of George III; applies to all light-colored English earthenware; body is white due to the invention of so-called IRONSTONE CHINA.
Basalt Ware
English Ceramics; A SOLID BLACK STONEWARE of great hardness, unglazed.
Agate Ware
English Ceramics; Earthenware made either in surface or solid decoration to RESEMBLING VEINING OF NATURAL STONE.
Toft Ware
English Ceramics; SLIP DECORATED POTTERY; by RALPH & THOMAS TOFT.; material was usually coarse reddish clay and the decorating is done in a rather crude manner. DISTINCTIVE YELLOW TONE.
Whieldon Ware
English Ceramics; TORTOISE SHELL WARE by THOMAS WIELDON; applied to all classes of ware o a mottled, cloudy, or splashed character.
Spode Ware
English Ceramics; factory produced under-glaze blue-printed cream ware, stone chine, black and jasper ware, superior bone china.
Lowesoft
English Ceramics; founded by ROBERT BROWNE Usually inscribed with words "A TRIFLE FROM ***"; decorated mostly after Chinese patterns with blue and white under the glaze; blue-green tinge.
Chantilly
Established by LOUIS HENRY (DUC DE BOURBON); products of the ________________________ WARES directly copied Japanese pieces, while others are executed in a style reminiscent to Japanese porcelain (*Weeb porcelain pfft)
Capo Dii Monte
FACTORY that DEVELOPED A FORMULA FOR A DISTINCTIVE SOFT-PASTE PORCELAIN BODY that is characterized by a: 1. Creamy color and unusually clear glaze 2. It's mark "N" surmounted by a crown in blue
Sevres
FACTORY; originally from Viscennes; SET STANDARDS FOR EUROPEAN PORCELAIN PRODUCTION; King Louis XV provided financial banking and bought the 1st diner service of this factory.
Saint Cloud
FIRST WARES produced at ____________________ closely imitate Chinese blue and white porcelain but typically with French Subject matter such as foliage, scrollwork, and animals or human heads
Fayence de Oiron/Herni Deux Ware/Saint-Poichaire
French ceramic that was made for RESTRICTED FRENCH CLIENTELE from the 1520s-1540s; TRUE-PIPE CLAY PASTE; white with a yellowish tint glaze; Also had bold, elegant designs, in relief, of natural objects, heraldic ornaments, wealths, interlacing, arabesques, and cavities filled with colored pastes.
Limoges
French hard-paste porcelain factory established in 1774; The 1ST HARD PORCELAIN SEAS made in _______________________ due to the fact that Kaolin was discovered in France; made from the finest, purest, and whitest porcelain in the world.
Poterie Deluxe
GERMAN CERAMIC STYLE exceedingly fine in color, form and ornament. HIGHEST EMINENCE which German pottery reached.
Overglaze
GLAZE DECORATION applied on the surface of an ALREADY GLAZED PIECE AND THEN REFIRED;
Francesco de Medici
GRAND DUKE OF TUSCANY who produced an INFERIOR TYPE OF SOFT-PASED PORCELAIN in the 16th century; The 1ST IN EUROPE to make imitations of CHINESE PORCELAIN.
Lucca Della Robia
Goldsmith and sculptor who discovered the use of *STANNIFEROUS ENAMEL*, the hardest glaze then in use; Credited to the one to raise production of majolica from a craft to high art.
Yueh ware
Han Dynasty; CELADON-GLAZED stoneware
Commedia dell'arte
IMPROVISED STREET THEATER that provided limitless source of subjects for both porcelain models and painters in the 18th century.
Passeri
ITALIAN ANTIQUARY OF DISTINCTION; he affixes the date 1492 to the introduction of Majolica ware and claims the discovery and introduction of the ware in Pesaro.
Francesco Vezzi
In 1720,________________________ established a PORCELAIN FACTORY WHICH PRODUCED HARD-PASTE PORCELAIN on a significant scale in Italy.
Meissen
JOHANN FRIEDRICH BOTGER established a factory at ________________________ that PRODUCED BOTTGER PORCELAIN (creamy white porcelain characterized by Chinoiseries) becoming the 1st European manufacture of had-paste porcelain.
Soft Porcelain
KIND OF PORCELAIN; fired below 2300˚ F; IMITATION PORCELAIN that is more translucent and does not have the clear ringing tone of true porcelain.
Hard Porcelain
KIND OF PORCELAIN; fired between 2390˚-2570˚ F; Best kind of porcelain and usually called the "TRUE PORCELAIN"; made of KAOLIN whose glaze was also feldspathic and fired in one with the body whose fusion regulated in perfection of the surface.
Master Giorgio Andreoli
Known to have *PERFECTED THE LUSTER TECHNIQUE*.
Bianchi di Faenza
LIGHTLY DECORATED WHITE WARES made in Faenza;
Dresden Ware
MEISEN CERAMICS are usually identified by the CROSSED SWORD MARK OF MEISSEN, these wares came to be known as __________________wares
Worcester
Of all the English Porcelain ventures of the 18th century, ________________________ had SURVIVED WITH A RECORDED OF CONTINUOUS ACTIVITY DOWN TO THE PRESENT DAY; imitations of Chinese Porcelain
Han Period; Meissen
PORCELAIN was 1ST MADE BY CHINESE POTTERS towards the end of the _________________________; It was 1ST MASTERED in the occidental world at the GERMAN FACTORY in _______________________.
Blue Porcelain
Porcelain which USED IRON AS PIGMENT; 1st appeared as early as Shang dynasty, but reached its maturity in the Eastern Han.
Chou Dynasty/Zhou Dynasty
Pottery during the PERIOD OF WARRING STATES that produced UTILITARIAN POTTERY; hard grey clay w/ no glaze
Doccia Ware
Principal Features of this ware is: 1. IMITATION OF THE MAJOLICA 2. SUCCESSFUL REPRODUCTION OF THE BAS RELIEFS OF LUCA DELLA ROBIA 3. Its principal mark is TWO TRIANGLES CROSSED, FORMING A 6 POINTER STAR
Bernard Palissy
ROYAL POTTER TO CATHERINE DE MEDICI reproducing scriptural and mythological subject in low relief and for his rustic pieces decorated with sharply modeled forms copied from nature; Succeeded in producing a widely imitated pottery, admired for smooth glazes in richly colored enamels;
Burn Retiro/El Retiro
SPANISH COUNTERPART of CAPO DI MONTE; consists of BEAUTIFUL FIGURINES IN GROUPS OF SOFT PORCELAIN, PLAQUES FOR WALLS IN ROCOCO SPIRIT; MOST COSTLY & PERFECT PORCELAIN
Majolica
SPANISH WARE TERM generally applied to pottery painted with a tin glaze that, when fired, gives a lustrous and colorful surface; FUSION OF RENAISSANCE W/ MOORISH MOTIFS
Azulejos (tiles)
SPANISH WARE; TILES with a BLUISH HUE; painted with groups of people engaged in sports, amusements, dancing, drinking, etc.
Biscuit State/Bisque
STAGE OF POTTERY; ware has UNDERGONE LOW RANGE FIRING
Glazed State
STAGE OF POTTERY; ware is COVERED WITH GLAZED and has UNDERGONE FIRING
Clay State/Greenware
STAGE OF POTTERY; ware is formed but has NOT GONE UNDER FIRING
6000+
TERRACOTTA ARMY OF SHIHAUNGDI has an imperial legion of more than ________________________ life-sized soldiers.
Majorca ware
TIN-GLAZED EARTHENWARE, from Majorca;
Peasant Delft
TYPE OF DELFTWARE made for LOCAL CONSUMPTION
Faience
The 1ST PORCELAIN in FRANCE were made ______________________ factories.
Decalcomania
The ART OF TRANSFERRING DESIGNS from specially prepared PAPER TO WOOD, GLASS, OR METAL SURFACE.
Dr. Wall
The BEST PERIOD OF OLD WORCESTER CHINA and its richest decoration was made from the ___________________________PERIOD where the SALMON-SCALE BLUE GROUND and superlative quality building were the characteristics.
Song Dynasty/Sung Dynasty
The GOLDEN AGE OF CHINESE CULTURE; greatest era of Chinese pottery
Pottery
The production of _______________________ is said to be ONE OF THE MOST ANCIENT ARTS and in all ages reflects the condition of every art.
Ceramics or Pottery
The term ___________________ or ___________________ refers to ARTIFACTS MADE OF HEATED EARTH / EARTHEN WARE but the usual modern distinction is to apply it to ware that is opaque when iit ccomes from the kiln / oven
Cobalt
To obtain colors for the SLIP OXIDES of these were used: _____________________ = Blue
Copper
To obtain colors for the SLIP OXIDES of these were used: _____________________ = Green
Manganese
To obtain colors for the SLIP OXIDES of these were used: _____________________ = Purple-brown to black
Iron
To obtain colors for the SLIP OXIDES of these were used: _____________________ = Red
Willow Pattern
Underglaze blue transfer printing was introduced by john turner and Josiah Spode and produced the new "__________________________", and from that time onward, Staffordshire production was enormous.
Slip Ware
WARE that has been DIPPED IN SLIP is called?
Tang Dynasty
Ware during the __________________________ is mainly composed of green, yellow, blue, and golden brown; these glazes were either monochrome or splashed and dappled; fine-crackle, uneven like glazing
Han Dynasty
Ware during the ____________________________ has patterns of dragons, tigers, zhucui (legendary bird guarding the west), and the clouds.
Bisque
What is another name for "Biscuit State"
Greenware
What is another term for "Clay State"
Transfer Printing
_________________________________ was introduced in Worcester and their early printed China is the best of its class ever made in England; printing was done in Lilac and red, as well as in the usual brown and black or in under-glaze blue
