Math Vocabulary 5th grade
equivalent
Naming the same number.
perimeter
The distance around a figure.
compare
To decide if one number is greater than, less than, or equal to another number
estimate
To find a number close to an exact amount; an estimate tells about how much or about how many.
divide
To separate into equal groups and find the number in each group or the number of groups.
classify
To sort into categories or to arrange into groups by attributes.
gram (g)
small unit of mass in the metric system.
angle
two rays that share an endpoint
greater than
used to compare two numbers when the first number is larger than the second number.
less than
used to compare two numbers when the first number is smaller than the second number.
pyramid
A polyhedron whose base is a polygon and whose other faces are triangles that share a common vertex
multiple
A product of a whole number and any whole number.
rhombus
A quadrilateral with all four sides equal in length.
rectangle
A quadrilateral with two pairs of congruent, parallel sides and four right angles.
parallelogram
A quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel and congruent sides.
dividend
A quantity to be divided.
cube
A rectangular solid having six congruent square faces.
pattern
A repeating or growing sequence or design. An ordered set of numbers or shapes arranged according to a rule.
right triangle
A triangle that has one 90 degree angle.
brackets
A type of grouping symbol used in pairs that tells what operation to complete first.
parallell lines
Lines that are always the same distance apart.
intersecting lines
Lines that cross at a point.
perpendicular lines
Two intersecting lines that form right angles.
parentheses ( )
Used in mathematics as grouping symbols for operations. When simplifying an expression, the operations in them are performed first.
lowest terms
When a fraction is expressed with the fewest possible pieces, it is in lowest terms. (Also called simplest form.)
three-dimensional
has 3 dimensions; having length, width, and height.
least common denominator (LCD)
is the smallest whole number that is divisible by each of the denominators. of two or more fractions
capacity
refers to the amount of liquid a container can hold
prism
A 3-dimensional figure that has two congruent and parallel faces that are polygons. The remaining faces are parallelograms.
attribute
A characteristic e.g. size, shape, or color
polygon
A closed plane figure made by line segments.
cup (c)
A customary unit of capacity. that equals 8 fluid ounces
gallon (gal)
A customary unit of capacity. that equals 4 quarts
foot (ft)
A customary unit of length that equals 12 inches
mile
A customary unit of length. 1 mile = 5280 feet
number line
A diagram that represents numbers as points on a line.
decimal point
A dot (.) separating the whole number from the fraction in decimal notation.
plane
A flat surface that extends infinitely in all directions
quadrilateral
A four sided polygon
proper fraction
A fraction less than one; the numerator is less than the denominator.
simplest form
A fraction when the greatest common factor of the numerator and denominator is 1.
improper fraction
A fraction where the numerator is greater than or equal to the denominator.
decimal
A fractional number with a denominator of 10 or a powder of 10. Usually written with a decimal point.
decimal fraction
A fractional number with a denominator of 10 or power of 10. usually written with decimal point.
formula
A general equation or rule.
solid figure
A geometric figure with 3 dimensions.
bar graph
A graph that uses the height or length of rectangles to compare data.
equation
A mathematical sentence where the amount on one side of the equals sign has the same value as the amount of the other side.
centimeter (cm)
A metric unit of length equal to 0.01 of a meter. 100 cm = 1 m
kilometer (km)
A metric unit of length equal to 1000 meters.
kilogram (kg)
A metric unit of mass equal to 1000 grams.
area model
A model of multiplication that shows each place value product within a rectangle drawing.
composite number
A number greater than 0 that has more than two different factors.
mixed number
A number with an integer and a fraction part.
standard form
A number written with one digit for each place value.
ordered pair
A pair of numbers that gives the coordinates of a point on a grid in this order (horizontal coordinate, vertical coordinate).
graph
A pictorial device used to show a numerical relationship.
pentagon
A polygon that has five sides.
factor pairs
A set of two numbers when multiplied, will result in a given product.
square unit
A unit, such as square centimeter or square inch, used to measure area.
expression
A variable or combination of variables, numbers, and symbols that represents a mathematical relationship.
fraction
A way of representing part of a whole or part of a group by telling the number of equal parts in the whole and the number of parts you are describing.
expanded form
A way to write numbers that shows the place value of each digit.
line plot
Also known as a data plot. A diagram showing frequency of data on a number line.
straight angle
An angle that is exactly 180 degrees - a straight line
obtuse angle
An angle with a measure greater than 90 degree but less than 180 degree
acute angle
An angle with a measure less than 90 degrees
array
An arrangement of objects in equal rows
factor
An integer that divides evenly into another.
subtract
An operation that gives the difference between two numbers; can be used to compare two numbers, or to find our how much is left after some is taken away.
order of operations
An order, agreed on by mathematicians, for performing operations to simplify expressions.
common multiple
Any common multiple of two or more numbers
addend
Any number being added.
side of a polygon
Any of the line segments that form a polygon.
digit
Any of the symbols 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9.
like denominators
Denominators in two or more fractions that are the same.
common denominator
For two or more fractions, it is a common multiple of the denominators.
equivalent fractions
Fractions that have the same value
equal groups
Groups that contain the same number of objects like when you divide
congruent
Having exactly the same size and shape
equal
Having the same value
length
How long something is. The distance from one point to another; measured in units such as inches, feet, centimeters, etc.
hundredths
In the decimal numeration system, hundredths is the name of the next place to the right of tenths.
horizontal
Line going left to right
hundredth
One of the equal parts when a whole is divided into 100 equal parts
mass
The amount of matter in an object. Usually measured by comparing with an object of known mass. While gravity influences weight, it does not affect mass.
difference
The amount that remains after one quantity is subtracted from another.
quotient
The answer to a division problem.
product
The answer to a multiplication problem.
angle measure
The measure of the size of an angle. It tells how far one side is turned from the other side. A one degree angle turns through 1/360 of a full circle.
area
The measure, in square units, of the interior region of a 2-dimensional figure or the surface of a 3-dimensional figure.
divisor
The number by which another number is to be divided.
remainder
The number that is left over after a whole number is divided equally by another.
numerator
The number written above the line in a fraction. It tells how many equal parts are described in the fraction.
scale (on a graph)
The numbers that show the units on a graph.
denominator
The quantity below the line in a fraction. It tells how many equal parts are in the whole.
least common multiple
The smallest common multiple of a set of two or more numbers.
place value
The value of the place of a digit in a number
add
To combine, put together two or more quantities
rounding
To strategy to find about how much or how many by expressing a number closest to ten, hundred, thousand, or tenth, hundredth, thousandth, etc.
