MCQ

President Woodrow Wilson, speech in New York City at a campaign to encourage Americans to purchase war bonds during the First World War, 1918 The speech could best be used by a historian studying which of the following historical situations related to the First World War?

The changes in traditional ideas about United States noninvolvement in Europe

William Leach, historian, Land of Desire: Merchants, Power, and the Rise of a New American Culture, 1993 The development by the early 1900s depicted in the excerpt represented a continuation of which of the following earlier developments?

The growth of the middle class during the Gilded Age

Edgar Thomson, United States soldier, letter from the Philippines, 1899 Which of the following historical situations was the author responding to?

The increased involvement of the United States in Asia and the Pacific

William Jennings Bryan, speech accepting the Democratic Party nomination for the presidency, 1900 The excerpt could best be used by a historian studying which of the following historical developments?

The persistence of popular isolationist sentiment in the United States in the early 1900s

Ida M. Tarbell, journalist, The History of the Standard Oil Company, 1904 Which of the following can be concluded based on the historical context in which the excerpt was produced?

Americans were uncertain how to deal with the transition from an agricultural to an industrial economy.

Yalta Conference Agreement, 1945 The point of view expressed in the excerpt most directly contributes to a historical understanding of which of the following issues?

The role of the United States in the establishment of postwar peace settlements

Ida M. Tarbell, journalist, The History of the Standard Oil Company, 1904 Which of the following would most likely be considered a significant limitation of the excerpt resulting from its purpose?

Because the excerpt suggests that the Standard Oil Company was undemocratic and unethical, it overlooks the benefits of economic consolidation.

Elsie Hill, activist, "Shall Women Be Equal Before the Law?", The Nation, 1922 Which of the following contexts helps to explain the economic changes that contributed to the production of the excerpt?

Women experienced growing opportunities to earn wages.

President Woodrow Wilson, speech in New York City at a campaign to encourage Americans to purchase war bonds during the First World War, 1918 The ideas expressed in the excerpt best reflect which of the following developments?

Debates emerged over the proper role of the United States in the world.

W. E. B. Du Bois, "Returning Soldiers," 1919 Which of the following contexts between 1900 and 1919 best helps to explain the developments in the excerpt?

Global conflicts led to new United States foreign policy to protect national security.

William Leach, historian, Land of Desire: Merchants, Power, and the Rise of a New American Culture, 1993 Which of the following explains a similarity between the United States economy in the early 1900s depicted in the excerpt and the United States economy in the first half of the 1800s?

In both periods, new technology increasingly connected Americans to commerce and markets.

Ida M. Tarbell, journalist, The History of the Standard Oil Company, 1904 The situation depicted in the excerpt was most significant because it led to which of the following outcomes?

Progressive Era reformers sought federal legislation and court action to help regulate economic markets.

Yalta Conference Agreement, 1945 The excerpt could best be used to explain which of the following postwar situations?

The emergence of the United States as a global superpower

W. E. B. Du Bois, "Returning Soldiers," 1919 Which of the following pieces of evidence could best be used to modify the argument made in the excerpt?

Population growth in the South slowed as many people moved to the North and West.

"[The issues behind the First World War] must be settled . . . with a full and unequivocal acceptance of the principle that the interest of the weakest is as sacred as the interest of the strongest. . . . "If it be in deed and in truth the common objective of the governments associated against Germany . . . to achieve by the coming settlements a secure and lasting peace, it will be necessary that all who sit down at the peace table shall come ready and willing . . . to create . . . the only instrumentality by which it can be made certain that the agreements of the peace will be honored and fulfilled. ". . . That indispensable instrumentality is a league of nations formed under covenants that will be [effective]. Without such an instrumentality, by which the peace of the world can be guaranteed, peace will rest in part upon the word of outlaws and only upon that word. . . . "And, as I see it, the constitution of that League of Nations and the clear definition of its objects must be a part, is in a sense the most essential part, of the peace settlement itself. . . . "Special alliances and economic rivalries and hostilities have been the prolific source in the modern world of the plans and passions that produce war. . . . ". . . In the same sentence in which I say that the United States will enter into no special arrangements or understandings with particular nations let me say also that the United States is prepared to assume its full share of responsibility for the maintenance of the common covenants and understandings upon which peace must henceforth rest. We still read [George] Washington's immortal warning against 'entangling alliances' with full comprehension and an answering purpose. But only special and limited alliances entangle; and we recognize and accept the duty of a new day in which we are permitted to hope for a general alliance which will avoid entanglements and clear the air of the world for common understandings and the maintenance of common rights." President Woodrow Wilson, speech in New York City at a campaign to encourage Americans to purchase war bonds during the First World War, 1918 The purpose of the speech in the excerpt best supports which of the following arguments about United States foreign policy in the 1910s?

Political leaders advocated applying democratic principles to relationships between countries.

Elsie Hill, activist, "Shall Women Be Equal Before the Law?", The Nation, 1922 Which of the following social contexts best helps to explain the development discussed in the excerpt?

The United States population shifted from rural to urban areas.

William Jennings Bryan, speech accepting the Democratic Party nomination for the presidency, 1900 Which of the following is a limitation of using Bryan's speech to study the differences between imperialism and anti-imperialism in the early 1900s?

The anti-imperialist idea in the speech about the racial differences between Filipinos and White Americans was similar to the racial theories of imperialists.

W. E. B. Du Bois, "Returning Soldiers," 1919 Which of the following developments during the mid-to-late 1910s could best be used as evidence to refute the argument made in the excerpt?

The economic situation of many African Americans in urban areas improved.

Edgar Thomson, United States soldier, letter from the Philippines, 1899 The excerpt can best be used to explain which of the following situations that resulted from the Spanish-American War?

The emergence of nationalist movements in areas under United States control

"That the United States Government, on behalf of the three powers, should consult the Government of China and the French Provisional Government in regard to decisions taken at the present conference concerning the proposed world organization. . . . "The Government of the United States of America, on behalf of itself and of the Governments of the United Kingdom, the Union of Soviet Socialistic Republics and the Republic of China and of the Provisional Government of the French Republic invite [governments] to send representatives to a conference to be held on 25 April, 1945, or soon thereafter, at San Francisco, in the United States of America, to prepare a charter for a general international organization for the maintenance of international peace and security. "The above-named Governments suggest that the conference consider as affording a basis for such a Charter the proposals for the establishment of a general international organization which were made public last October as a result of the Dumbarton Oaks conference." Yalta Conference Agreement, 1945 Other world leaders most likely interpreted the excerpt as indicating that the United States was

taking a leading role in world diplomacy.

If it is right for the United States to hold the Philippine Islands permanently and imitate European empires in the government of colonies, the Republican party ought to state its position and defend it, but it must expect the subject races to protest against such a policy and to resist to the extent of their ability. "The Filipinos do not need any encouragement from Americans now living. Our whole history has been an encouragement, not only to the Filipinos, but to all who are denied a voice in their own government. If the Republicans are prepared to censure all who have used language calculated to make the Filipinos hate foreign domination, let them condemn the speech of Patrick Henry. When he uttered that passionate appeal, "Give me liberty or give me death," he expressed a sentiment which still echoes in the hearts of men. . . . "The Democratic party does not oppose expansion when expansion enlarges the area of the Republic and incorporates land which can be settled by American citizens, or adds to our population people who are willing to become citizens and are capable of discharging their duties as such. ". . . [W]e have a right to demand of the Republican leaders a discussion of the future status of the Filipino. Is he a citizen or a subject? . . . Are they to share with us in making the laws and shaping the destiny of this nation?" William Jennings Bryan, speech accepting the Democratic Party nomination for the presidency, 1900 The point of view of the first two paragraphs of the excerpt can best be used to support which of the following historical arguments?

A)Some political leaders pointed to traditions of self-determination when making foreign policy.

We are returning from war! . . . . Tens of thousands of Black men were drafted into a great struggle. . . . We fought gladly and to the last drop of blood; for America and her highest ideals, we fought in far-off hope; for the dominant southern oligarchy entrenched in Washington, we fought in bitter resignation. For the America that represents and gloats in lynching, disfranchisement, caste, brutality and devilish insult—for this, in the hateful upturning and mixing of things, we were forced by vindictive fate to fight also. "But today we return! We return from the slavery of uniform which the world's madness demanded us to don to the freedom of civil garb. We stand again to look America squarely in the face. . . . We sing: This country of ours, despite all its better souls have done and dreamed, is yet a shameful land. . . . "This is the country to which we Soldiers of Democracy return. This is the fatherland for which we fought! But it is our fatherland. It was right for us to fight. . . . "We return. We return from fighting. We return fighting. Make way for Democracy! We saved it in France, and by the Great Jehovah, we will save it in the United States of America, or know the reason why." W. E. B. Du Bois, "Returning Soldiers," 1919 Which of the following pieces of evidence could best be used to support the argument made in the excerpt?

The United States experienced persistent racial violence throughout the early twentieth century.

In the decades following the Civil War, American capitalism began to produce a distinct culture, unconnected to traditional family or community values, to religion in any conventional sense, or to political democracy. It was a secular business and market-oriented culture, with the exchange and circulation of money and goods at the foundation of its aesthetic life and of its moral sensibility. . . . "By World War I, Americans were being enticed into consumer pleasure and indulgence rather than into work as the road to happiness. . . . For generations, America had been portrayed as a place of plenty, a garden in which all paradisiacal longings would be satisfied. . . . By the early 1900s this myth was being transformed, urbanized and commercialized, increasingly severed from its religious aims and focusing ever more on personal satisfaction and even on such new pleasure palaces as department stores, theaters, restaurants, hotels, dance halls, and amusement parks. . . . This new era heralded the pursuit of goods as the means to all 'good' and to personal salvation." William Leach, historian, Land of Desire: Merchants, Power, and the Rise of a New American Culture, 1993 Which of the following long-term developments in the second half of the 1800s best helps to explain the change in United States culture depicted in the excerpt?

The creation of new manufacturing methods allowed factories to greatly increase production.

"[John D. Rockefeller, the owner of the Standard Oil Company] secured an alliance with the railroads to drive out rivals. For fifteen years he received rebates of varying amounts on at least the greater part of his shipments, and for at least a portion of that time he collected drawbacks of the oil other people shipped; at the same time he worked with the railroads to prevent other people getting oil to manufacture, or if they got it he worked with the railroads to prevent the shipment of the product. If it reached a dealer, he did his utmost to bully or wheedle him to countermand his order. If he failed in that, he undersold until the dealer, losing on his purchase, was glad to buy thereafter of Mr. Rockefeller. . . . "We, the people of the United States, and nobody else, must cure whatever is wrong in the industrial situation, typified by this narrative of the growth of the Standard Oil Company. That our first task is to secure free and equal transportation privileges by rail, pipe and waterway is evident. It is not an easy matter. . . . At all events, until the transportation matter is settled, and settled right, the monopolistic trust will be with us, a leech on our pockets, a barrier to our free efforts. "As for the ethical side, there is no cure but in an increasing scorn of unfair play—an increasing sense that a thing won by breaking the rules of the game is not worth the winning. When the business man who fights to secure special privileges, to crowd his competitor off the track by other than fair competitive methods, receives the same summary disdainful ostracism by his fellow that the doctor or lawyer who is 'unprofessional,' the athlete who abuses the rules, receives, we shall have gone a long way toward making commerce a fit pursuit for our young men." Ida M. Tarbell, journalist, The History of the Standard Oil Company, 1904 Evidence from the excerpt could best be used to support which of the following arguments about journalists during the Progressive Era?

They feared that unfair corporate practices were undermining smaller companies and promoting economic inequality.

A few days ago a vote was taken in the regiment to determine how many wished to remain for an extra six months, and the result showed that none cared to stay any longer than they have to. So the colonel did not volunteer the service of the regiment, but informed us that it is his opinion that we will be home and out of the service by the first of July. This seems like a long time yet, but it is not so bad when compared to a year and two months. Our enlistment read 'for two years, unless sooner discharged, to serve in the Spanish-American war.' So you may see we did not enlist to fight these insurgents, and as few of the men are in favor of holding the islands, we do not feel it our duty to enlist for an additional six months. Now that the treaty has been ratified by Spain and the United States we are entitled to our discharge within sixty days; at least that is the way we understood it when we enlisted, and our captain says that is the way he understood it; but we will not complain if they get us home before the Fourth." Edgar Thomson, United States soldier, letter from the Philippines, 1899 The publication of the excerpt most likely had which of the following purposes?

To increase opposition to the United States annexation of the Philippines

The removal of all forms of the subjection of women is the purpose to which the National Woman's Party is dedicated. Its present campaign to remove the discriminations against women in the laws of the United States is but the beginning of its determined effort to secure the freedom of women, an integral part of the struggle for human liberty for which women are first of all responsible. Its interest lies in the final release of woman from the class of a dependent, subservient being to which early civilization committed her. "The laws of various States at present hold her in that class [of dependents]. They deny her a control of her children equal to the father's; . . . they punish her for offenses for which men go unpunished; they exclude her from public office and from public institutions to the support of which her taxes contribute. . . . ". . . In California the husband is sole manager of the community property, which consists of all that is acquired during the marriage by either husband or wife. . . . Her wages and earnings therefore are under his control during [his] life and he can dispose of them without her knowledge or consent. . . . ". . . [The National Woman's Party] has under its consideration an amendment to the Federal Constitution which, if adopted, would remove [these discriminations] as one stroke." Elsie Hill, activist, "Shall Women Be Equal Before the Law?", The Nation, 1922 A context that helps to explain the development discussed in the excerpt is that, after 1920, Americans wewere debating

the appropriate gender roles for women in society

President Woodrow Wilson, speech in New York City at a campaign to encourage Americans to purchase war bonds during the First World War, 1918 A limitation of using the speech excerpted to study opposition to the League of Nations is that the speech

was given before the Treaty of Versailles was concluded