Med Surg Exam 4

Which menu choice indicates that the patient understands the nurse's recommendations about dietary choices for iron-deficiency anemia? a.Omelet and whole wheat toast b.Cantaloupe and cottage cheese c.Strawberry and banana fruit plate d.Cornmeal muffin and orange juice

A) Omelet and whole wheat toast

What are the classic symptoms of DI?

Polyuria and polydipsia

Which disorder can also cause a bronzing of the skin?

Addison's

Which intervention will be included in the nursing care plan for a patient with immune thrombocytopenic purpura? a. Assign the patient to a private room. b. Avoid intramuscular (IM) injections. c. Use rinses rather than a soft toothbrush for oral care. d. Restrict activity to passive and active range of motion.

B) Avoid intramuscular (IM) injections

A patient who has been receiving IV heparin infusion and oral warfarin (Coumadin) for a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is diagnosed with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) when the platelet level drops. Which action should be include in the plan of care? a. Prepare for platelet transfusion. b. Discontinue the heparin infusion. c. Administer prescribed warfarin (Coumadin). d. Use low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH).

B) Discontinue the heparin infusion

Which potential complication should the nurse identify as a high risk for a patient admitted to the hospital with idiopathic aplastic anemia? a. Seizures b. Infection c. Neurogenic shock d. Pulmonary edema

B) Infection

The nurse should suggest which food choice for a patient scheduled to receive external-beam radiation for abdominal cancer? a. Fresh fruit salad b. Roasted chicken c. Whole wheat toast d. Cream of potato soup

B) Roasted Chicken

A patient who has acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is considering treatment with a hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). What is the best approach for the nurse to assist the patient with this treatment decision? a. discuss the need for insurance to cover post-HSCT care. b. ask whether there are questions or concerns about HSCT. c. emphasize the positive outcomes of a bone marrow transplant. d. explain that a cure is not possible with any treatment except HSCT.

B) ask whether there are questions or concerns about HSCT

A patient who is scheduled for a breast biopsy asks the nurse the difference between a benign tumor and a malignant tumor. Which answer by the nurse is accurate? a. "Benign tumors do not cause damage to other tissues. "b. "Benign tumors are likely to recur in the same location." c. "Malignant tumors may spread to other tissues or organs." d. "Malignant cells reproduce more rapidly than normal cells."

C) "Malignant tumors may spread to other tissues or organs"

The nurse receives change-of-shift report on the oncology unit. Which patient should the nurse assess first? a. 35-year-old patient who has wet desquamation associated with abdominal radiation b. 42-year-old patient who is sobbing after receiving a new diagnosis of ovarian cancer c. 24-year-old patient who received neck radiation and has blood oozing from the neck d. 56-year-old patient who developed a new pericardial friction rub after chest radiation

C) 24-year-old patient who received neck radiation and has blood oozing from the neck

A patient with metastatic colon cancer has severe vomiting after each administration of chemotherapy. Which action by the nurse is appropriate? a. Have the patient eat large meals when nausea is not present. b. Offer dry crackers and carbonated fluids during chemotherapy. c. Administer prescribed antiemetics 1 hour before the treatments. d. Give the patient two ounces of a citrus fruit beverage during treatments.

C) Administer prescribed antiemetics 1 hour before the treatments.

The nurse is caring for a patient who smokes 2 packs/day. Which action by the nurse could help reduce the patient's risk of lung cancer? a. Teach the patient about the seven warning signs of cancer. b. Plan to monitor the patient's carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level. c. Discuss the risks associated with cigarettes during every patient encounter. d. Teach the patient about the use of annual chest x-rays for lung cancer screening.

C) Discuss the risks associated with cigarettes during every patient encounter

A patient who has severe pain with terminal pancreatic cancer is being cared for at home by family members. Which finding by the nurse indicates that teaching about pain management has been effective? a. The patient uses the ordered opioid pain medication whenever the pain is greater than 5 (0 to 10 scale). b. The patient agrees to take the medications by the IV route in order to improve analgesic effectiveness. c. The patient takes opioids around the clock on a regular schedule and uses additional doses when breakthrough pain occurs. d. The patient states that nonopioid analgesics may be used when the maximal dose of the opioid is reached without adequate pain relief.

C) The patient takes opioids around the clock on a regular schedule and uses additional doses when breakthrough pain occurs

Which nursing intervention is important when providing care for a patient with sickle cell crisis?

Oxygenation

What is a common symptom of a pheochromocytoma?

Palpitations, Headache, Elevated BP/Episodic sweating

What is the most common cause of SIADH?

Cancer, usually lung cancer

What is tetany?

Continuous spasm of the muscle

The nurse obtains information about a hospitalized patient who is receiving chemotherapy for colorectal cancer. Which information about the patient alerts the nurse to discuss a possible change in cancer therapy with the health care provider? a. Poor oral intake b. Frequent loose stools c. Complaints of nausea and vomiting d. Increase in carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)

D) Increase in carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)

Which patient statement to the nurse indicates that the patient understands self-care for pernicious anemia? a."I need to start eating more red meat or liver." b."I will stop having a glass of wine with dinner." c."I will need to take a proton pump inhibitor like omeprazole (Prilosec)." d."I would rather use the nasal spray than have to get injections of vitamin B12."

D) ."I would rather use the nasal spray than have to get injections of vitamin B12."

A patient has inadequate nutrition due to painful oral ulcers. Which nursing action will be most effective in improving oral intake? a. Offer the patient frequent small snacks between meals. b. Assist the patient to choose favorite foods from the menu. c. Provide teaching about the importance of nutritional intake. d. Apply the ordered anesthetic gel to oral lesions before meals.

D) Apply the ordered anesthetic gel to oral lesions before meals

What happens to the sodium level when too much fluid is in the blood stream?

Dilutional hyponatremia

How can hyperparathyroidism cause osteoporosis?

High PTH will pull calcium from sources in the body, such as the bones causing OP

What is the most common cause of Cushing's syndrome?

Taking Prednisone

What are the classic symptoms of low calcium?

Tingling around the mouth and of the fingertips

What is the mainstay treatment for leukemia?

chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and stem cell transplantation