Med Surg: Patients With Musculoskeletal Disorders

How much calcium/day do Premenopausal women require?

1,000 mg

How much calcium/day do Postmenopausal women require?

1,500 mg

Osteoporosis doesn't show up on ordinary X-rays until ___% of bone has been lost.

30%

Alendronate

A bisphosphonate medication.

Raloxifene

A selective estrogen receptor modulator.

Dupuytren contracture causes flexion of which area(s)? Thumb Index and middle fingers Fourth and fifth fingers Ring finger

Fourth and fifth fingers Dupuytren contracture causes flexion of the fourth and fifth fingers, and frequently the middle finger.

A nurse notices a client lying on the floor at the bottom of the stairs. The client is alert and oriented and denies pain other than in the arm, which is swollen and appears deformed. After calling for help, what should the nurse do? -Place the client in a sitting position. -Immobilize the client's arm. -Help the client walk to the nearest nurses' station. -Raise the client's arm above the heart.

Immobilize the client's arm.

A 67-year-old woman with a history of osteoarthritis has been admitted to the postsurgical unit from the PACU following a bunionectomy. Which of the following nursing actions should the nurse integrate into this patient's immediate care? -Maintain the patient's foot in a dependent position. -Apply ice to the affected foot on a schedule of 1 hour on and 1 hour off. -Keep the patient's foot elevated above the level of her heart. -Change the patient's surgical dressing and irrigate the surgical site every 6 hours.

Keep the patient's foot elevated above the level of her heart. Post bunionectomy, the patient may have intense throbbing pain at the operative site, requiring liberal doses of analgesic medication. The foot is elevated to the level of the heart to decrease edema and pain. The application of ice for a 1-hour period is likely to cause skin breakdown. It is unnecessary to perform frequent irrigation or dressing changes.

The nurse is caring for a client following foot surgery. Which nursing intervention is most important for the nurse to include in the nursing care plan? Examine surgical dressing every hour. Administer pain medication per client request. Monitor vital signs every 4 hours. Perform neuromuscular assessment every hour.

Perform neuromuscular assessment every hour.

Which micro-organism is responsible for 70%-80% of bone infections (Osteomyelitis)

Staphylococcus aureus

A nurse is teaching a client about preventing osteoporosis. Which teaching point is correct? -Obtaining an X-ray of the bones every 3 years is recommended to detect bone loss. -To prevent fractures, the client should avoid strenuous exercise. -The recommended daily allowance of calcium may be found in a wide variety of foods. -Obtaining the recommended daily allowance of calcium requires taking a calcium supplement.

The recommended daily allowance of calcium may be found in a wide variety of foods. Premenopausal women require 1,000 mg of calcium per day. Postmenopausal women require 1,500 mg per day. Clients usually can get the recommended daily requirement of calcium by eating a varied diet. Osteoporosis doesn't show up on ordinary X-rays until 30% of bone has been lost. Bone densitometry, however, can detect bone loss of 3% or less. This test is sometimes recommended routinely for women older than 35 who are at risk for osteoporosis. Strenuous exercise won't cause fractures. Although supplements are available, they aren't always necessary.

The nurse teaches the client with a high risk for osteoporosis about risk-lowering strategies, including which action? Increase fiber in the diet Walk or perform weight-bearing exercises outdoors Reduce stress Decrease the intake of vitamin A and D

Walk or perform weight-bearing exercises outdoors

A 49-year-old man with a history of poorly controlled type 1 diabetes has developed osteomyelitis adjacent to a chronic diabetic ulcer on his great toe. The patient has been informed that medical treatment for osteomyelitis requires a longer course of antibiotics than most other infections because: -Osteomyelitis is usually caused by simultaneous infection with several microorganisms, which must be treated sequentially. -Osteomyelitis requires treatment with topical antibiotics rather than IV antibiotics, necessitating a longer course of treatment. -Osteomyelitis is usually the result of fungal infection rather than bacterial infection. -Osteomyelitis involves the active infection of bone tissue, which is largely avascular.

Osteomyelitis involves the active infection of bone tissue, which is largely avascular .Bone infections are more difficult to eradicate than are soft-tissue infections because the infected bone is mostly avascular (without blood vessels) and not accessible to the body's natural immune response. Also, there is decreased penetration by antibiotics. Causative microorganisms are usually bacterial, and IV antibiotics are the treatment of choice. Frequently, the infection is caused by more than one pathogen, but these can be treated simultaneously.