medical emergencies quiz #2 (ch 5-8)

Reoccurrence of another syncopal event is at higher risk for the first _____ hours. a. 24 b. 36 c. 48 d. 72

a. 24

Which stage of shock is characterized by failure of the vital organs and is irreversible? a. Refractory b. Compensatory c. Progressive d. Initial

a. Refractory

Which of the following forms of shock is considered to be in the distributive shock category? a. Septic b. Cardiogenic c. Hypovolemic d. Obstructive

a. Septic

All of the following are common etiologies of cardiogenic shock EXCEPT: a. cerebrovascular accident. b. myocardial infarction. c. cardiac arrhythmias d. cardiac dysfunction.

a. cerebrovascular accident.

All of the following are symptoms of status epilepticus EXCEPT: a. decreased body temperature. b. bradycardia c. significantly elevated blood pressure d. severe hypotension

a. decreased body temperature. **increases temp up to 106 degrees F

In hypovolemic shock, the blood loss causes the body to initially compensate by: a. increasing heart rate. b. decreasing heart rate. c. heart rate is unaffected. d. none of the above.

a. increasing heart rate.

All of the following times are optimal for providing dental treatment to the seizure patient EXCEPT: a. late afternoon appointments. b. after the patient has eaten breakfast c. within a few hours of taking medication

a. late afternoon appointments. **you want early morning appt

The recommended medication to administer to a patient who is suffering from uncontrolled and continuous hyperventilation is: a. lorazepam. b. nitrous oxide. c. albuterol. d. aspirin.

a. lorazepam.

A significant method to differentiate hyperventilation from pulmonary embolism is: a. presence of circumoral parasthesia. b. increased rate of breathing. c. presence of diaphoresis. d. presence of dizziness.

a. presence of circumoral parasthesia.

The condition for which the symptoms of hyperventilation are often mistaken is: a. pulmonary embolus. b. cerebral embolus. c. cardiac embolus. d. none of the above.

a. pulmonary embolus.

All of the following are signs and symptoms of presyncope EXCEPT: a. pupil constriction. b. diaphoresis. c. piloerection. d. yawning.

a. pupil constriction.

The lack of carbon dioxide during hyperventilation produces a condition called: a. respiratory alkalosis. b. respiratory acidosis. c. hypocalcemia. d. pulmonary embolism

a. respiratory alkalosis.

The primary symptom of obstructive shock is: a. severe hypotension. b. bronchiole constriction. c. increased urination. d. none of the above.

a. severe hypotension.

The previous treatment of hyperventilation of breathing into a paper bag has been discontinued, as it has been shown to cause: suffocation. syncope. a. suffocation b. syncope. c. CVA. d. pulmonary embolism.

a. suffocation

Your patient has a disease of the brain stem and is now in shock. From which form of shock would you suspect he is suffering? a. Obstructive b. Neurogenic c. Cardiogenic d. Septic

b. Neurogenic

Which phase of a generalized tonic-clonic seizure is characterized by the patient falling if standing? a. Prodromal b. Preictal c. Ictal d. Postictal

b. Preictal

Which of the following would be the MOST likely cause of a seizure in the dental setting? a. Asthma b. Syncope c. Tetanus d. CNS tumor

b. Syncope

Forced expiratory effort against a closed airway, such as when an individual holds his/her breath and tightens the muscles in a concerted, strenuous effort is: a. micturition. b. Valsalva maneuver. c. hyperventilation. d. orthostatic hypotension.

b. Valsalva maneuver.

During shock the body tissues attempt to use anaerobic metabolic processes that produces _____, which is harmful to the cardiovascular system. a. alkalosis b. acidosis c. hemorrhage d. nocturia

b. acidosis

Syncope a. is a primary disease process. b. is often associated with a stressful situation. c. is caused by increased cerebral oxygenation. d. all of the above.

b. is often associated with a stressful situation.

The type of syncope often observed as a result of hyperventilation or metabolic diseases is: a. cardiac syncope. b. noncardiac syncope. c. vasovagal syncope. d. neurocardiac syncope.

b. noncardiac syncope.

The type of seizure caused by exposure to flickering lights is: a. meningeal seizures b. photosensitive epilepsy. c. hypoxic seizures d. ischemic epilepsy

b. photosensitive epilepsy.

The primary task of the dental professional in the treatment of a seizure is to: a. determine the etiology of the seizure. b. prevent injury to the patient. c. provide treatment to cause the cessation of the seizure. d. administer antiseizure medication.

b. prevent injury to the patient.

The MOST common etiology of hyperventilation is: a. cerebral ischemia. b. psychological event. c. pregnancy. d. cardiac arrhythmia.

b. psychological event.

The blood pressure of a patient in cardiogenic shock will be: a. elevated. b. reduced. c. stable.

b. reduced.

If the patient remains in syncope for an extended period of time it is more likely that he or she will experience a/an: a. CVA. b. seizure. c. coma. d. hypertensive emergency.

b. seizure.

The patient in syncope should be positioned: a. supine with head and feet parallel. b. supine with feet above the head. c. semisupine. d. upright.

b. supine with feet above the head.

Which of the following is TRUE of generalized absence seizures? a. Episode usually lasts 25 minutes b. Patients will remember the episode once it has ceased c. Blinking and eye rolling are common d. Usually seen in geriatric individuals

c. Blinking and eye rolling are common

All of the following are symptoms of improper cerebral oxygenation during hyperventilation EXCEPT: a. impaired problem-solving abilities. b. dizziness. c. Chvostek's sign. d. impaired vision.

c. Chvostek's sign.

Severe hemorrhage or dehydration can lead to which type of shock? a. Obstructive b. Anaphylactic c. Hypovolemic d. Cardiogenic

c. Hypovolemic

In all forms of shock the MOST important step for treatment is to: a. administer oxygen. b. administer IV fluids. c. contact EMS immediately. d. none of the above.

c. contact EMS immediately.

The appropriate position for treatment of a patient suffering from hyperventilation is: a. supine. b. semisupine. c. upright. d. trendelenberg.

c. upright.

Activation of the sympathetic nervous system during vasodepressor syncope with a lack of physical activity will lead to: tachycardia. cerebral ischemia. hypertension. Valsalva maneuver.

cerebral ischemia.

Respirations per minute for a patient suffering from hyperventilation will be: a. 10. b. 16. c. 20. d. 40.

d. 40.

_____% of seizures are idiopathic. a. 20 b. 30 c. 40 d. 50

d. 50 **answer bank incorrect. says: c:40, but it is over 50%

Which of the following are etiologies of secondary seizures? a. Metabolic disorders b. CNS injuries c. Medications d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following are used to classify seizure disorders? a. Aura b. Duration c. Etiology d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following is associated with increased seizure activity? a. Sleep deprivation b. Stress c. hormonal imbalances d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following is associated with increased seizure activity? a. Sleep deprivation b. Stress c. Hormonal imbalances d. All of the above

d. All of the above

The type of shock caused by a severe allergic response is: a. septic. b. obstructive. c. cardiogenic. d. anaphylactic.

d. anaphylactic.

A seizure caused by stress, hypoglycemia, or fever would be considered: a. congenital. b. hereditary. c. isolated, unprovoked. d. generalized, provoked.

d. generalized, provoked. **answer bank is incorrect, correct answer is D, but bank says C. c. isolated, unprovoked.

All of the following are manifestations of the hypocalcemia caused by progressive hyperventilation EXCEPT: a. tetany. b. Chvostek's sign. c. carpopedal spasms. d. impaired vision.

d. impaired vision.

All of the following are signs of septic shock EXCEPT: a. fever. b. increased cardiac output. c. tissue edema. d. pale, cool skin.

d. pale, cool skin.

The MOST common neurological disorder seen in pediatric patients is: a. CVA. b. myocardial infarction. c. diabetes mellitus d. seizures.

d. seizures.

In children syncope is often caused by: dehydration. lack of sleep. coughing. medications.

dehydration

The type of syncope that is often associated with some noxious stimuli is: cardiac. noncardiac. neurocardiogenic. all of the above

neurocardiogenic.