MGMT 5

Subordinate resistance to the use of power is most likely when which of the following sources of power is used? a. Reward b. Coercive c. Legitimate d. Referent

b. Coercive

What term describes a style that goes beyond mere exchange relationships by inspiring employees to look beyond their own self-interests and by generating awareness and acceptance of the group's purposes and mission? a. Situational leadership theory b. Transformational leadership c. Transactional leadership d. Authentic leader

b. Transformational leadership

Which of the following refers to an organizationally based source of power derived from a leader's control over punishments or the capacity to deny rewards? a. Affiliative power b. Legitimate power c. Coercive power d. Referent power

c. Coercive power

Which of the following characteristics relates to a compressed work week? a. A four-day (or shorter) period in which an employee works 40 hours b. A work schedule that allows employees to choose their staffing and ending times as long as they are at work during a specified time period c. A working arrangement whereby two employees do one job d. A pattern of reinforcement at specified periods of time, regardless of behavior

a. A four-day (or shorter) period in which an employee works 40 hours

What is path-goal theory? a. A model concerned with how a leader affects employees' perceptions of their personal and work goals and the paths to goal attainment b. A leadership model whose premise is that a leader's style should be contingent on subordinates' competence and commitment c. Aspects of the task, subordinates, or organization that act in place of leader behavior and thus render it unnecessary d. The suggestion that successful leadership requires matching leaders with primarily stable leadership styles to the demands of the situation

a. A model concerned with how a leader affects employees' perceptions of their personal and work goals and the paths to goal attainment

What is flextime? a. A work schedule that allows employees to choose their starting and ending times as long as they are at work during a specified time period b. A four-day (or shorter) period in which an employee works 40 c. A pattern whereby the period of reinforcement varies between one reinforcement and the next d. A working arrangement whereby two employees do one job

a. A work schedule that allows employees to choose their starting and ending times as long as they are at work during a specified time period

The person primarily associated with the Hawthorne studies was a. Elton Mayo. b. Abraham Maslow. c. Douglas McGregor. d. B.F. Skinner.

a. Elton Mayo.

What name is given to the capacity to be aware of, control, and express one's emotions, and to handle interpersonal relationships judiciously and empathetically? a. Emotional intelligence b. Consideration behavior c. Leadership neutralizers d. Affiliative power

a. Emotional intelligence

What term describes a theory that recognizes the importance of goals in improving employee performance? a. Goal-setting theory b. Social learning theory c. Reinforcement theory d. Expectancy theory

a. Goal-setting theory

Which of the following refers to a working arrangement whereby two employees do one job? a. Job sharing b. Flextime c. Maintenance factor d. Compressed work week

a. Job sharing

What name is given to a description of how leaders develop "unique" working relationships with each of their employees, based on the nature of their social exchanges? a. Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Theory b. Least Preferred Coworker (LPC) Scale c. Relationship-oriented behaviors d. Employee-centered leaders

a. Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Theory

Which of the following refers to the sum total of employees' attitudes toward their jobs, employer, and colleagues? a. Morale b. Valence c. Expectancy d. Motivation

a. Morale

What name is given to a person's ability to satisfy or deny satisfaction of another's need, based on an interpersonal relationship between individuals or on his or her personal characteristics? a. Personal power b. Coercive power c. Organizational power d. Reward power

a. Personal power

Which of the following characteristics relates to positive reinforcement? a. The act of strengthening a desired behavior by rewarding it or providing other positive outcomes b. A person's expectation that performing a task will lead to a desired outcome c. The act of strengthening a desired behavior by allowing individuals to avoid negative consequences by performing the behavior d. The act of weakening or eliminating an undesired behavior by providing negative consequences

a. The act of strengthening a desired behavior by rewarding it or providing other positive outcomes

Which of the following characteristics relates to leadership? a. The process of influencing the activities of an individual or a group toward the achievement of a goal b. A person's capacity to influence the behavior and attitudes of others c. The ability to inspire admiration, respect, loyalty, and a desire to emulate, based on some intangible set of personality traits; a personal source of power d. The influence that comes from a person's formal position in an organization and the authority that accompanies that position

a. The process of influencing the activities of an individual or a group toward the achievement of a goal

The First Lady's primary source of power is a. affiliative. b. personal. c. referent. d. expert.

a. affiliative.

Motivational theories that assume that workers are motivated by the desire to satisfy needs, and then seek to identify what those needs are, are called a. content theories. b. expectancy theories. c. process theories. d. reinforcement theories.

a. content theories.

The examination of input-output ratios, employee contributions, and the perception of fairness is most associated with a. equity theory. b. two-factor theory. c. expectancy theory. d. goal-setting theory.

a. equity theory.

Which of the following characteristics relates to a servant leader? a. leader who leads by example and forms strong relationships with employees b. A person's ability to satisfy or deny satisfaction of another's need, based on a formal contractual relationship between an organization and the individual c. A person's capacity to influence the behavior and attitudes of others d. A leader who is passionate about company objectives, models corporate values in the workplace, and forms strong relationships with stakeholders

a. leader who leads by example and forms strong relationships with employees

Reward power, which stems from a person's ability to bestow rewards, is a. organizationally based. b. personally based. c. fundamentally coercive. d. totally legitimate.

a. organizationally based.

What is meant by an authentic leader? a. A leader who leads by example and forms strong relationships with employees b. A leader who is passionate about company objectives, models corporate values in the workplace, and forms strong relationships with stakeholders c. Less-effective managers, who are mostly directive in their approaches and more concerned with closely supervising employees, explaining work procedures, and monitoring progress in task accomplishment d. The most effective managers, who engage in both dimensions of leadership behaviors by getting employees involved in the operation of their departments or divisions in a positive and constructive manner, setting general goals, providing fairly loose supervision, and recognizing employees' contributions

b. A leader who is passionate about company objectives, models corporate values in the workplace, and forms strong relationships with stakeholders

Which of the following characteristics relates to situational leadership theory? a. The suggestion that successful leadership requires matching leaders with primarily stable leadership styles to the demands of the situation b. A leadership model whose premise is that a leader's style should be contingent on subordinates' competence and commitment c. A model concerned with how a leader affects employees' perceptions of their personal and work goals and the paths to goal attainment d. Aspects of the task, subordinates, or organization that act in place of leader behavior and thus render it unnecessary

b. A leadership model whose premise is that a leader's style should be contingent on subordinates' competence and commitment

What is meant by behavior modification? a. The act of strengthening a desired behavior by allowing individuals to avoid negative consequences by performing the behavior b. An application of reinforcement theory, which involves change in behavior and encouraging appropriate actions by relating the consequences of behavior to the behavior itself c. The act of strengthening a desired behavior by rewarding it or providing other positive outcomes d. A pattern of reinforcement at specified periods of time, regardless of behavior

b. An application of reinforcement theory, which involves change in behavior and encouraging appropriate actions by relating the consequences of behavior to the behavior itself

What term describes the process of providing employees with the ability to contribute input and take on responsibilities for organizational decisions? a. Referent power b. Empowerment c. Affiliative power d. Leadership

b. Empowerment

What term describes a theory stating that the extent to which people are willing to contribute to an organization depends on their assessment of the fairness of the rewards they will receive in exchange? a. Goal-setting theory b. Equity theory c. Expectancy theory d. Reinforcement theory

b. Equity theory

What name is given to the theory that states that motivation depends not only on how much a person wants something but also on the person's perception of how likely he or she is to get it? a. Process theories b. Expectancy theory c. Reinforcement theory d. Equity theory

b. Expectancy theory

What term describes power or influence derived from a person's special knowledge or expertise in a particular area? a. Reward power b. Expert power c. Personal power d. Referent power

b. Expert power

Which of the following characteristics relates to reward power? a. A person's capacity to influence the behavior and attitudes of others b. Organizational power that stems from a person's ability to bestow rewards c. Personal power that results when one person identifies with and admires another d. Power or influence derived from a person's special knowledge or expertise in a particular area

b. Organizational power that stems from a person's ability to bestow rewards

What name is given to personal power that results when one person identifies with and admires another? a. Affiliative power b. Referent power c. Coercive power d. Legitimate power

b. Referent power

What is the theory that states that employees learn not only through direct experience but also through observation and personal qualities? a. Process theory b. Social learning theory c. Reinforcement theory d. Equity theory

b. Social learning theory

You are a computer whiz, and you have installed some software that monitors all incoming and outgoing company emails. You have no formal understanding of leadership theory, but you clearly understand a. authoritarian power. b. information power. c. legitimate power. d. referent power.

b. information power.

Although regulations and laws sharply limit a leader's ability to use coercive power, it is a fair assessment that a. it is being rapidly replaced by use of rewards. b. it is still too commonly used in business settings. c. it represents the fastest way to get the job done. d. most CEOs prefer it to other forms of power.

b. it is still too commonly used in business settings.

When financial institutions such as J.P. Morgan reward employees with bonuses and other financial incentives for making risky decisions, they may find that their attempts to motivate employees a. can lead to competition among employees for bonuses b. may sometimes have negative effects on the organization. c. can lead to unrealistically low performance quotas. d. may lead employees to be more productive than before.

b. may sometimes have negative effects on the organization.

With regard to leadership and management, most American companies today appear to be a. well managed, with strong leadership. b. under-led and over-managed. c. over-led and under-managed. d. dying for lack of strong leadership.

b. under-led and over-managed.

In applying reinforcement theory, one of the problems in punishing unacceptable behavior is that punishment may produce a. management that forgets to be positive. b. undesirable long-term side effects. c. a person who is an organizational martyr. d. a violation of the firm's ethics policy.

b. undesirable long-term side effects.

Which of the following characteristics relates to motivation? a. The value of each potential outcome which describes its importance b. A person's expectation that effort will lead to high performance c. An inner drive that directs behavior toward goals d. The sum total of employees' attitudes toward their jobs, employer, and colleagues

c. An inner drive that directs behavior toward goals

What name is given to the most effective managers, who engage in both dimensions of leadership behaviors by getting employees involved in the operation of their departments or divisions in a positive and constructive manner, setting general goals, providing fairly loose supervision, and recognizing employees' contributions? a. Authentic leaders b. Job-centered leaders c. Employee-centered leaders d. Servant leaders

c. Employee-centered leaders

If a leader wants a high degree of commitment from his or her subordinates, which sources of power are most likely to lead to that? a. Legitimate, reward, and coercive b. Strong reward and some coercive c. Expert, referent, and charismatic d. Coercive power used intelligently

c. Expert, referent, and charismatic

Which of the following refers to the sum total of employees' attitudes toward their jobs, employer, and colleagues? a. Motivation b. Valence c. Morale d. Expectancy

c. Morale

What is meant by charisma? a. A person's capacity to influence the behavior and attitudes of others b. The process of providing employees with the ability to contribute input and take on responsibilities for organizational decisions c. The ability to inspire admiration, respect, loyalty, and a desire to emulate, based on some intangible set of personality traits; a personal source of power d. Personal power that results when one person identifies with and admires another

c. The ability to inspire admiration, respect, loyalty, and a desire to emulate, based on some intangible set of personality traits; a personal source of power

Which of the following characteristics relates to positive reinforcement? a. The act of strengthening a desired behavior by allowing individuals to avoid negative consequences by performing the behavior b. The act of weakening or eliminating an undesired behavior by providing negative consequences c. The act of strengthening a desired behavior by rewarding it or providing other positive outcomes d. A person's expectation that performing a task will lead to a desired outcome

c. The act of strengthening a desired behavior by rewarding it or providing other positive outcomes

What is meant by legitimate power? a. A person's ability to satisfy or deny satisfaction of another's need, based on a formal contractual relationship between an organization and the individual b. Power or influence derived from a person's special knowledge or expertise in a particular area c. The influence that comes from a person's formal position in an organization and the authority that accompanies that position d. Organizational power that stems from a person's ability to bestow rewards.

c. The influence that comes from a person's formal position in an organization and the authority that accompanies that position

Which of the following refers to a more traditional approach in which managers engage in both task- and consideration-oriented behaviors in an exchange manner? a. Transformational leadership b. Situational leadership theory c. Transactional leadership d. Relationship-oriented behaviors

c. Transactional leadership

The examination of input-output ratios, employee contributions, and the perception of fairness is most associated with a. goal-setting theory. b. two-factor theory. c. equity theory. d. expectancy theory.

c. equity theory.

There is increasing evidence that transformational leaders a. are essentially born and not made, since transformational leadership cannot be learned. b. are a dying breed in the ultraconservative world of modern American business. c. exist at all levels in organizational hierarchies and in a broad range of organizations. d. are not found in any significant numbers in the military, government, or education.

c. exist at all levels in organizational hierarchies and in a broad range of organizations.

In expectancy theory, if a person believes that extra effort will lead to high performance, such as a bonus or commission, we are talking about the person's a. instrumentality. b. preference. c. expectancy. d. valence.

c. expectancy.

Giving employees tickets to "cash in" for a paid day off when they get their projects done well ahead of the deadline is an example of the creative use of a. formal rewards. b. recognition and praise. c. informal rewards. d. legitimate power.

c. informal rewards.

What term describes the suggestion that successful leadership requires matching leaders with primarily stable leadership styles to the demands of the situation? a. Situational leadership theory b. Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Theory c. Transformational leadership d. Contingency theory

d. Contingency theory

What name is given to the order in which people strive to satisfy the five basic needs as theorized by Maslow—physiological, security, social, esteem, and self-actualization? a. Fixed-ratio schedule b. Fixed-interval schedule c. Variable-interval schedule d. Hierarchy of needs

d. Hierarchy of needs

Which of the following characteristics relates to information power? a. Power or influence derived from a person's special knowledge or expertise in a particular area b. A person's ability to satisfy or deny satisfaction of another's need, based on an interpersonal relationship between individuals or on his or her personal characteristics c. The influence that comes from a person's formal position in an organization and the authority that accompanies that position d. Power that is a result of having access to important information that is not common knowledge, or of having the ability to control the flow of information to and from others

d. Power that is a result of having access to important information that is not common knowledge, or of having the ability to control the flow of information to and from others

Which of the following refers to a set of theories that try to determine "how" and "why" employees are motivated to perform? a. Content theories b. Goal-setting theories c. Social learning theories d. Process theories

d. Process theories

What term describes the act of weakening or eliminating an undesired behavior by providing negative consequences? a. Extinction b. Behavior modification c. Avoidance d. Punishment

d. Punishment

What name is given to a process theory that assumes that behavior may be reinforced by relating it to its consequences? a. Expectancy theory b. Equity theory c. Social learning theory d. Reinforcement theory

d. Reinforcement theory

Which of the following characteristics relates to motivational factors? a. Those aspects of a job that relate to the work setting, including adequate wages, comfortable working conditions, fair company policies, and job security. b. A set of theories that try to determine "how" and "why" employees are motivated to perform c. A pattern offering reinforcement after a specified number of desired performance behaviors, regardless of the time elapsed between them d. Those aspects of a job that relate to the content of the work, including achievement, recognition, the work itself, involvement, responsibility, and advancement

d. Those aspects of a job that relate to the content of the work, including achievement, recognition, the work itself, involvement, responsibility, and advancement

What are maintenance factors? a. Those aspects of a job that relate to the content of the work, including achievement, recognition, the work itself, involvement, responsibility, and advancement b. Patterns of reinforcement at specified periods of time, regardless of behavior c. The sum total of employees' attitudes toward their jobs, employer, and colleagues d. Those aspects of a job that relate to the work setting, including adequate wages, comfortable working conditions, fair company policies, and job security

d. Those aspects of a job that relate to the work setting, including adequate wages, comfortable working conditions, fair company policies, and job security

Poor morale is most likely to cause a. motivation. b. high productivity. c. dedication. d. absenteeism.

d. absenteeism.

Frederick Taylor a. suggested health insurance benefits for workers. b. proposed special bonuses for good workers. c. assumed workers knew the best way to do the job. d. analyzed jobs to improve efficiency.

d. analyzed jobs to improve efficiency.

When Martin Luther King, Jr., and Malcolm X made their followers feel strong enough to resist racism and segregation, they were using a. expert power. b. personal power. c. affiliative power. d. charismatic power .

d. charismatic power

Professors, computer geniuses, mechanics, airline pilots, and ship captains supposedly have a lot of a. legitimate power. b. coercive power. c. referent power. d. expert power.

d. expert power.

To achieve organizational objectives, employees must have the ability, tools, and _____ to perform their jobs. a. sense of humor b. time c. management d. motivation

d. motivation

When extra effort is required from employees and managers have no control over rewards and punishments and close supervision is not practical a. referent power becomes supremely important. b. the organization must give the manager more power. c. assistant managers must be hired to provide supervision. d. personal sources of power are essential.

d. personal sources of power are essential.

An employee's confidence that he or she can perform a task or behavior successfully is called a. self-knowledge. b. self-reinforcement. c. self-motivation. d. self-efficacy.

d. self-efficacy.

Sue wants to be warm, but she is not; she has a a. need b. motivation c. problem d. goal

a. need

Which of the following refers to a person's capacity to influence the behavior and attitudes of others? a. Charisma b. Power c. Expert power d. Leadership

b. Power

What is meant by expectancy? a. The sum total of employees' attitudes toward their jobs, employer, and colleagues b. An inner drive that directs behavior toward goals. c. A person's expectation that effort will lead to high performance d. A person's expectation that performing a task will lead to a desired outcome

c. A person's expectation that effort will lead to high performance

What term describes a person's ability to satisfy or deny satisfaction of another's need, based on a formal contractual relationship between an organization and the individual? a. Information power b. Coercive power c. Legitimate power d. Organizational power

d. Organizational power

What term describes a group of theories that assume that workers are motivated by the desire to satisfy needs and that seek to identify what their needs are? a. Content theories b. Goal-setting theories c. Expectancy theories d. Equity theories

a. Content theories

It is interesting that in certain industries, such as the hotel industry, service personnel a. actually dislike increased empowerment. b. are motivated almost purely by money. c. appreciate increased empowerment because of the corresponding increased accountability. d. are just about impossible to motivate.

a. actually dislike increased empowerment.

Your company's work teams have won national awards for making the finest widgets ever seen. Your loyal and productive workers have never been more proud of their work. What important characteristic of motivation is probably at an all-time high at your company? a. Pride b. Expectancy c. Morale d. Equity

c. Morale

Which of the following refers to power that is derived by virtue of a person's association with someone else who has some source of power? a. Referent power b. Affiliative power c. Coercive power d. Expert power

b. Affiliative power

A personal source of power that a leader possesses when he or she is admired by employees who identify with the leader is called a. charisma. b. expert power. c. referent power. d. legitimate power.

c. referent power.

The birth of the human relations approach to motivation can be traced to a. scientific management. b. Herzberg's factors. c. the Hawthorne studies. d. Maslow's hierarchy

c. the Hawthorne studies.