MGT 291 CH15

26. The values that make up organization culture are often ____. (A) discussed among employees. (B) popularized in the company. (C) taken for granted. (D) used a strategic planning tool. (E) celebrated on a monthly basis.

Answer : (C

30. According to Fortune magazine, the most admired organizations are those that are the most ____. (A) profitable. (B) successful. (C) innovative. (D) functional. (E) improved.

Answer : (C

65. A(n) _________ innovation is a major breakthrough that changes or creates whole industries. (A) strategic (B) radical (C) systems (D) incremental (E) cultural

Answer : (B

69. Which type of innovation is the least common? (A) strategic (B) radical (C) systems (D) incremental (E) cultural

Answer : (B

72. The internet was an example of which kind of innovation? (A) strategic (B) radical (C) systems (D) incremental (E) cultural

Answer : (B

77. _________ is the process through which employees learn about their organization's culture. (A) Socialization (B) Organizational socialization (C) Innovation (D) Entrepreneurship (E) Intrapreneurship

Answer : (B

79. What is the most important mechanism of organizational socialization? (A) formal training (B) observing the behavior of others (C) corporate pamphlets (D) corporate statements (E) none of these

Answer : (B

90. Athena's company specializes in the design of tennis ball canisters, making them sturdier, cheaper, and easier to open. This is an example of which type of innovation? (A) radical (B) incremental (C) systems (D) entrepreneurial (E) strategic

Answer : (B

27. Organizational culture helps people in an organization understand (A) which actions are considered acceptable and which are considered unacceptable. (B) why their firm is outperforming the competition. (C) how to improve their relations with customers. (D) when to best socialize new employees. (E) which types of problems are likely to arise in their company.

Answer : (A

34. All of the following statements are true about socialization EXCEPT (A) it is usually something that can be accomplished in a day-long new employee orientation program. (B) it occurs in organizations in much the same way as it occurs in society. (C) it is the process through which individuals learn acceptable behavior. (D) socialization programs do not necessarily change employees' values. (E) employees who are socialized into an organization usually accept the actual cultural values rather than the formal values of the organization.

Answer : (A

43. _________ values and norms are the values and norms that employees exhibit based on their observations of what actually goes on in the organization. (A) Enacted (B) Espoused (C) Artifact (D) Assumed (E) Formal

Answer : (A

47. In a ______________ culture, the reaction to the arrival of the plant manager is: "Heads up! The plant manager is coming onto the production floor-look busy!" (A) strong negative (B) strong positive (C) weak negative (D) weak positive (E) moderate neutral

Answer : (A

52. _________ conflict management norms resolve conflict openly. (A) Active (B) Passive (C) Agreeable (D) Disagreeable (E) Strategic

Answer : (A

59. In a(n) _________ conflict culture, open confrontations are accepted, as are heated arguments and threats. (A) dominating (B) collaborative (C) strategic (D) avoidant (E) passive-aggressive

Answer : (A

78. What should a top manager who works in a company with performance-reducing values do? (A) try to change the culture (B) try to fire as many people as possible (C) use restructuring to put all of the bad people in the same division (D) use restructuring to dilute all of the bad people throughout the organization (E) try to sell off the company to a competitor

Answer : (A

88. Evading open discussion of the conflict issue is most common within _____________ conflict cultures. (A) avoidant (B) dominating (C) collaborative (D) passive-aggressive (E) none of these

Answer : (A

89. A company that wants to promote a culture of openness and teamwork should ensure that its intranet has a (A) broad scope. (B) narrow scope. (C) lot of censorship. (D) limited update schedule. (E) cluttered interface.

Answer : (A

42. _________ values and norms are the preferred values and norms explicitly stated by the organization. (A) Enacted (B) Espoused (C) Artifact (D) Assumed (E) Formal

Answer : (B

48. In a ______________ culture, employee values and behaviors are consistent with the organization's values, and the culture is resistant to change. (A) strong negative (B) strong positive (C) weak negative (D) weak positive (E) moderate neutral

Answer : (B

51. A conflict culture is a (A) culture that is characterized by a lot of disagreement. (B) set of shared norms for managing conflict. (C) culture that attempts to avoid conflict as much as possible. (D) set of shared norms for avoiding conflict. (E) culture that is internally inconsistent.

Answer : (B

55. _________ conflict management norms tend to avoid addressing conflict. (A) Active (B) Passive (C) Agreeable (D) Disagreeable (E) Strategic

Answer : (B

32. Ben wants to take advantage of the existing culture of his organization. To do this, Ben must first (A) achieve productivity through people. (B) empower his employees. (C) be fully aware of the culture's values. (D) practice hands-on management. (E) implement cultural innovations.

Answer : (C

36. Culture resists change for all of the following reasons EXCEPT (A) it is typically communicated through stories and symbols. (B) it embodies the basic values in the firm. (C) it changes so frequently that employees begin to resist further change. (D) it is often taken for granted. (E) it involves changing basic assumptions.

Answer : (C

40. A(n) _________ is a physical manifestation of an organization's culture. (A) enacted value (B) espoused value (C) artifact (D) assumption (E) formal practice

Answer : (C

41. Origin stories and ceremonies and rituals and dress codes are all examples of (A) enacted values. (B) espoused values. (C) artifacts. (D) assumptions. (E) formal practices.

Answer : (C

53. _________ conflict management norms resolve conflict in a cooperative manner. (A) Active (B) Passive (C) Agreeable (D) Disagreeable (E) Strategic

Answer : (C

66. A(n) _________ innovation creates a new functionality by assembling existing parts in new ways. (A) strategic (B) radical (C) systems (D) incremental (E) cultural

Answer : (C

71. When the gasoline engine was combined with bicycle and carriage technology to create automobiles, that was an example of which kind of innovation? (A) strategic (B) radical (C) systems (D) incremental (E) cultural

Answer : (C

73. The profile of an entrepreneur typically includes each of the following EXCEPT (A) a focus on concrete results (B) a willingness to take risks (C) an appreciation for the status quo (D) a desire to assume responsibility (E) a need for achievement

Answer : (C

83. Southwest Airlines has a(n) __________ conflict culture. (A) avoidant (B) dominating (C) collaborative (D) passive-aggressive (E) none of these

Answer : (C

29. Incremental innovations (A) are rarely necessary for radical or systems innovations. (B) are major breakthroughs that change or create industries. (C) occur much less frequently than radical and systems innovations. (D) force organizations to continuously improve their products. (E) create new functionality by assembling parts in new ways.

Answer : (D

33. Organization culture can be managed by (A) sticking to the knitting. (B) conducting in-depth research and evaluation. (C) allowing autonomy and entrepreneurship. (D) taking advantage of the culture that is already there. (E) staying close to the customer.

Answer : (D

37. _________ is a system of shared norms and assumptions that guides organization members' attitudes and behaviors. (A) An enacted value (B) An espoused value (C) An artifact (D) Organizational culture (E) Diversity

Answer : (D

38. An organization's culture takes a _________ time to evolve and it takes a _________ time to change it. (A) short & long (B) long & short (C) short &short (D) long & long (E) moderate & moderate

Answer : (D

44. _________ are those organizational values that have become so taken for granted over time that they become the core of the company's culture. (A) Enacted values (B) Espoused values (C) Artifacts (D) Assumptions (E) Formal practices

Answer : (D

46. If a business strategy and corporate culture are pulling in two different directions the _________ will win _________. (A) strategy & unless the culture is really strong (B) strategy & no matter how strong the culture is (C) culture & unless the strategy is extremely good (D) culture & no matter how good the strategy is (E) none of these

Answer : (D

49. In a ______________ culture, employee values and behaviors are consistent with the organization's values, and the culture is receptive to change. (A) strong negative (B) strong positive (C) weak negative (D) weak positive (E) moderate neutral

Answer : (D

54. _________ conflict management norms resolve conflict in a competitive manner. (A) Active (B) Passive (C) Agreeable (D) Disagreeable (E) Strategic

Answer : (D

57. A(n) _________ conflict culture strives to preserve order and control and/or to maintain harmony and interpersonal relationships. (A) dominating (B) collaborative (C) strategic (D) avoidant (E) passive-aggressive

Answer : (D

58. In a(n) _________ conflict culture, employees actively manage and resolve conflicts cooperatively to find the best solution for all involved parties. (A) dominating (B) collaborative (C) strategic (D) avoidant (E) passive-aggressive

Answer : (D

60. An organization's culture of _________ reflects the extent to which majority members value efforts to increase minority representation, and whether the qualifications and abilities of minority members are questioned. (A) diversity (B) strategy (C) conflict (D) inclusion (E) multiculturalism

Answer : (D

62. Because workgroups develop their own subcultures, _________ can be used to build a common cultural foundation. (A) mass emails (B) instant messaging programs (C) bulletin boards (D) intranets (E) IRC channels

Answer : (D

64. _________ is the process of creating and doing new things that are introduced into the marketplace as products, processes, or services. (A) Organizational culture (B) Intrapreneurship (C) Entrepreneurship (D) Innovation (E) Strategy

Answer : (D

67. A(n) _________ innovation continues the technical improvement and extends the applications of other innovations. (A) strategic (B) radical (C) systems (D) incremental (E) cultural

Answer : (D

68. Which type of innovation is the most common? (A) strategic (B) radical (C) systems (D) incremental (E) cultural

Answer : (D

70. Which type of innovation do other innovations often rely on? (A) strategic (B) radical (C) systems (D) incremental (E) cultural

Answer : (D

74. The most common means of developing innovation in the traditional organization is through (A) entrepreneurship (B) intrapreneurship (C) radical innovation (D) corporate research (E) a chief innovation officer

Answer : (D

76. In complex societies, the socialization process takes many (A) days. (B) weeks. (C) months. (D) years. (E) centuries.

Answer : (D

80. When the culture they observe contradicts the culture formally espoused in corporate pamphlets, new employees come to accept (A) a mixture of the two. (B) the pamphlets, unless they prefer the observed culture. (C) the pamphlets, unless they're really badly written. (D) the actual cultural values rather than those formally espoused. (E) the actual cultural values rather than those formally espoused, unless the pamphlets are particularly convincing.

Answer : (D

82. Research suggests that organization culture is understood and communicated through the use of (A) observation alone. (B) employee handbooks. (C) psychological contracts. (D) stories and symbols. (E) raises and bonuses.

Answer : (D

84. The silent treatment is most common within _________ conflict cultures. (A) avoidant (B) dominating (C) collaborative (D) passive-aggressive (E) none of these

Answer : (D

85. Intranets that are rarely updated can reflect a culture that ___________________ (A) does not value employee contributions. (B) has poor internal communication. (C) has poor attention to detail. (D) all of these (E) none of these

Answer : (D

87. Which of the following is NOT true about strong cultures? (A) they are widely shared (B) they clarify appropriate behavior (C) they can enhance organizational performance (D) they usually reduce organizational performance (E) all of these are true of strong cultures

Answer : (D

28. All of the following statements are true about innovation EXCEPT (A) there are many risks associated with being an innovative company. (B) innovation is the process of creating and doing new things that are introduced into the marketplace. (C) one of the biggest challenges is using innovative technology in a cost-effective manner. (D) true organizational innovation is pervasive throughout the organization. (E) only small organizations can truly be innovative.

Answer : (E

31. Intrapreneurship (A) is most effective as a rare event in the organization. (B) is most effective when it occurs in the research and development department alone. (C) occurs both inside and outside the organization. (D) gives new organizations an edge over existing organizations. (E) is entrepreneurial activity that takes place within the organization.

Answer : (E

35. All of the following are mechanisms that can affect the socialization of workers EXCEPT (A) reading corporate statements about organization culture. (B) observing experienced employees. (C) reading corporate pamphlets. (D) attending formal training. (E) All of these are mechanisms.

Answer : (E

39. Which of the following is NOT a common theme of organizational culture? (A) being casual or formal (B) innovation (C) ethics (D) collaboration (E) All of these are common themes of organizational culture.

Answer : (E

45. An organization's assumptions are _________ and _________ resistant to change. (A) written down & moderately (B) explicit & not (C) explicit & highly (D) implicit & not (E) implicit & highly

Answer : (E

50. The strength or weakness of a culture reflects the degree to which the culture (A) produces year-over-year bottom line growth. (B) is consistent with the organization's business strategy. (C) is consistent with employee behaviors and values. (D) promotes ethical behavior. (E) resists change.

Answer : (E

56. Rather than dealing openly with conflict, a(n) _________ conflict culture resists conflict with tactics such as withholding information or withdrawing from contact with coworkers. (A) dominating (B) collaborative (C) strategic (D) avoidant (E) passive-aggressive

Answer : (E

61. The positivity or negativity of a culture reflects the degree to which the culture (A) produces year-over-year bottom line growth. (B) is consistent with the organization's business strategy. (C) is consistent with employee behaviors and values. (D) promotes ethical behavior. (E) resists change.

Answer : (E

63. Intranets with a narrow scope can reinforce a culture of (A) wisdom and humility. (B) laziness and cheapness. (C) focus and operational excellence. (D) economy and efficiency. (E) secrecy and information hoarding.

Answer : (E

75. _________ is the process through which children learn to become adults in a society. (A) Entrepreneurship (B) Intrapreneurship (C) Innovation (D) Organizational socialization (E) Socialization

Answer : (E

81. Changing an organization's culture is a(n) _________ process. (A) impossible (B) quick and easy (C) quick but difficult (D) long but easy (E) long and difficult

Answer : (E

86. A centralized, heavily edited and filtered intranet reflects a culture in which information flows ______ freely and employee contributions are _______ valued. (A) somewhat, somewhat (B) less, more (C) more, less (D) more, more (E) less, less

Answer : (E

91. Which of the following fits the profile of an entrepreneur? (A) a need for stability (B) low risk tolerance (C) an appreciation for the status quo (D) caution (E) a desire to assume responsibility

Answer : (E

92. Johnny thinks that changing an organization's culture is like losing weight: It's difficult and it can be done, but the effect is usually temporary. Is Johnny correct? (A) Yes, because once a culture is changed, it usually changes back. (B) Yes, because once a culture starts to change, it's hard for it to stop changing. (C) No, because changing an organization's culture is impossible. (D) No, because changing an organization's culture is easy. (E) No, because once a culture is changed, it tends to stick.

Answer : (E)