MGT Final Part 3
The fastest-growing population group in the United States is ____.
Hispanic-Americans
The last step in the basic model of ethical decision making is to ____.
act
The purposeful steps taken by an organization to create employment opportunities for minorities and women is called ____.
affirmative action
The term ____ refers to the degree to which someone is cooperative, polite, flexible, forgiving, good natured, tolerant, and trusting.
agreeableness
According to the stakeholder model, which primary stakeholder group is theoretically most important to the company?
all primary stakeholders are of equal importance
The two basic types of diversity training programs are ____.
awareness training and skills-based diversity training
Refer to Hewlett-Packard. There was a deep sense of distrust at HP when Hurd replaced Carly Fiorina as CEO. Which leadership behavior should Mark use to help improve the situation?
consideration
The ____ is a barrier that prevents women and minorities from advancing to the top jobs in an organization.
glass ceiling
When AT&T hired a female as its president, it was evidence that AT&T does not have a(n) ____ to prevent women from rising to leadership positions.
glass ceiling
The U.S. Sentencing Commission Guidelines impose smaller fines on companies that ____.
have already established a specific type of compliance program
Which of the following traits refers to the extent to which leaders are truthful with others?
honesty
After identifying the problem in the basic model of ethical decision-making, the next step is to ____.
identify the constituents
Refer to Hewlett-Packard. As Mark Hurd began his role as CEO, he needed to ____ to improve the performance of his management team.
initiate structure
College football coaching requires that coaches design every facet of practices, set goals for their players, determine schedules, and even direct all of the plays during the games. College football coaching uses ____ type of managing.
initiating structure
United Fruit Company is the owner of the Chiquita brand of bananas. United Fruit emphasized how the fruit was to be picked and packed for transportation and shows no concern for the workers. United Fruit can be considered using _____ type of managing.
initiating structure
Recently, a newly appointed CEO of a major corporation began by firing the entire management committee. A few months later, this same executive, fired two of his hand-picked senior executives. From this information, it is obvious that this executive was more concerned about his employees' ____ than their job satisfaction.
job performance
Refer to Hewlett-Packard. Critics say that Fiorina's weakness as CEO is that she focused too much on ____ and not enough on ____.
leadership; management
Bayer AG, Syndial SpA, Crompton Corp., DuPont Dow Elastomers, and Zeon Chemicals are all international manufacturers of rubber chemicals. They have all been indicted as participants in a price-fixing scheme that drove up the costs of rubber chemicals used to make shoes, tires, and other products. These companies ignored their ____ responsibility to society.
legal
To save a company from bankruptcy, its CEO told its employees that he would eliminate 53 percent of the company's mechanics and reduce the compensation of the remaining mechanics by 26 percent. In terms of the normative decision theory, Steenland ____.
made autocratic decisions
Refer to Anglo American. The wave of relief, optimism, and hope throughout South Africa is a reflection of the ____ caused by Anglo's decision.
magnitude of consequences
The Department of Defense doesn't classify pilferage as a major problem, as its annual inventory losses run $1-2 billion a year. The intentional theft and sale of defense secrets would have greater ethical intensity than this pilferage due to ____.
magnitude of consequences
Which of the following is a major concern of managers (as opposed to leaders)?
maintaining the status quo
Someone describes as having a mind-boggling breadth of his curiosity. In terms of the Big Five Personality Dimensions, this person would be described as having a high degree of ____.
openness to experience
In the path-goal theory of leadership, subordinate satisfaction and subordinate performance would be examples of ____.
outcomes
Refer to Hewlett-Packard. According to the contingency theory, when Mark Hurd decided to lay off 14,500 employees, he was showing high ____.
position power
Recently, a newly appointed CEO of a major corporation began by firing the entire management committee. A few months later, this same executive, fired two of his hand-picked senior executives. From this information, it is obvious that this executive was more concerned about his employees' ____ than their job satisfaction. In terms of situational favorableness, this executive demonstrated ____.
power position
The three stages of moral development identified by Kohlberg are ____.
preconventional level, conventional level, and postconventional level
Transactional leaders ____.
reward followers for good behavior and punish followers for poor behavior
Managers can use integrity tests to _____.
select and hire ethical employees
According to the text, ____ typically amount to more than 90 percent of employees' salaries.
turnover costs
Mark Graf, a security specialist at the Rocky Flats nuclear facility outside Denver, became alarmed about the temporary removal of 450 kilograms of plutonium oxide from a vault-like room to a "soft room" protected by drywall that you could punch a hole through. Graf eventually had to take his concerns to the media before the plutonium was stored once again in a safe location. Graf actions can be described as a(n) ____.
whistleblower
When Jack Welch, former Chairman of General Electric, a Fortune 5 company, assumed the role of CEO, he immediately began to make drastic changes in the company's structure and product lines. He envisioned a bloated, inefficient General Electric becoming an efficient, profitable organization over time. He inspired and motivated his employees to change. Jack Welch ____.
would be characterized as a leader
Which of the following is NOT one of the four leadership styles identified in the path-goal theory of leadership?
Charismatic
____ refers to the behavioral tendencies and personal characteristics of leaders that create an exceptionally strong relationship between them and their followers.
Charismatic leadership
Which of the following statements explains why diversity actually makes good business sense?
Diversity helps companies attract and recruit talented employees.
Which of the following statements about ethics is true?
Ethics is the set of moral principles or values that defines right and wrong for a person or group.
Which of the following is an example of a situational theory of leadership?
Fiedler's contingency theory
Which of the following statements about leaders and managers is true?
Organizations need both leaders and managers.
Hot Topic is a fast-growing clothing chain targeted to the alternative teen demographic. Hot Topic's CEO Betsy McLaughlin relies on her employees to locate new trends. McLaughlin almost daily consults with her employees for suggestions on what the stores should carry. She relies on their input before making inventory decisions. McLaughlin uses the ____ style of management.
Participative
Which of the following statements about social responsibility and economic performance is true?
Social responsibility can sometimes create significant costs for a company.
____ is the ability to anticipate, envision, maintain flexibility, think strategically, and work with others to initiate change that will create a positive future for the organization.
Strategic leadership
What does it mean when the text says that the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines use a "carrot and stick" approach?
The Guidelines offer lower fines to companies that take proactive steps.
Refer to Wal-Mart. What is the primary limitation of the paradigm Wal-Mart chose to use in its creation of an organizational structure in which discrimination will not be an issue?
The focus of its diversity awareness remains surface-level diversity.
According to Milton Friedman, which of the following is a position opposing the stakeholder model of corporate social responsibility?
The time, money, and attention diverted to social causes undermine market efficiency.
Which of the following statements about the two basic leader behaviors that are central to successful leadership is true?
These behaviors are independent, meaning that leaders can do both at the same time.
Which of the following statements about the two basic leader behaviors that are central to successful leadership is true?
These behaviors are referred to as initiating structure and consideration.
The "great person" theory is another name for the ____ theory of leadership
Trait
The "great person" theory is another name for the ____ theory of leadership.
Trait
____ is based on an exchange process, in which followers are rewarded for good performance and punished for poor performance.
Transactional leadership
The ____ determined that companies can be prosecuted and punished for the illegal or unethical actions of employees even if management didn't know about the unethical behavior.
U.S. Sentencing Commission Guidelines
Refer to Wal-Mart. What is one strategy Wal-Mart can use to alleviate the alleged gender discrimination?
Use mentoring.
Which of the following leadership theories uses a decision tree to determine the appropriate level of participation by subordinates in decision-making?
Vroom-Yetton-Jago's normative decision model
____ integrity tests indirectly estimate employee honesty by measuring psychological traits.
____ integrity tests indirectly estimate employee honesty by measuring psychological traits.
Refer to Unilever. By encouraging the promotion of more women to top management positions to better match the diversity of its stakeholders, Unilever was managing diversity through the ____ paradigm.
access and legitimacy
The Rainforest Action Network, a national advocacy group, launched a bruising PR campaign to stop Home Deport from selling old-growth lumber. After two years of bad publicity and resistance to new store locations, Home Depot surrendered. Today, its suppliers are working with environmental and forestry groups to certify that their wood products are not from endangered areas. Home Depot used a(n) ____ strategy to respond to demands that it be socially responsible.
accommodative
A company implementing a(n) ____ strategy would choose to accept responsibility for a problem and do all that society expects to solve problems.
accomodative
Which of the following approaches to implementing Fiedler's contingency theory in the workplace has proven effective?
accurately measuring and matching leaders to situations
During his tenure as the CEO of Credit Suisse First Boston (CSFB), John Mack turned the money-losing bank into a profitable firm by "goading workers to move out of their comfort zones" and setting challenging goals for them. His high expectation for his employees indicates that Mack used a(n) ____ leadership style.
achievement-oriented
According to the path-goal theory of leadership, ____ means setting challenging goals, having high expectations of employees, and displaying confidence that employees will assume responsibility and put forth extraordinary effort.
achievement-oriented leadership
Companies whose executives do not try to motivate employees to create long-term solutions to the problems facing the companies are most likely ________
are more than likely managers rather than leaders
The world's biggest manufacturer of locks is part of a national program in which employers are encouraging workers to continue working as long as they are physically able. To help its aging workers, the lock maker has provided them with magnifying lenses that give them the vision acuity they need to work on the small parts within a lock. These lenses are an example of ____.
assistive technology
whistleblower
because employees fear that they will be punished
Which of the following is NOT one of the four leadership styles identified in the path-goal theory of leadership?
charasmatic
When the Chicago-based Club Aluminum Company was facing bankruptcy, one of the changes its new CEO made was to create a(n) ____ for all employees to follow in their business and professional lives. It read, "Of the things we think, say, and do: (1) Is it the truth? (2) Is it fair to all concerned? (3) Will it build goodwill and better friendships? (4) Will it be beneficial to all concerned?"
code of ethics
Affirmative action programs are typically designed to ____.
compensate for past discrimination
Which of the following is another term for considerate leadership behavior?
concern for people
Which of the following is another term for initiating structure leadership behavior?
concern for production
Which of the Big Five personality measures has the greatest impact on behavior in organizations?
conscientiousness
Hot Topic is a fast-growing clothing chain targeted to the alternative teen demographic. Hot Topic's CEO Betsy McLaughlin relies on her employees to locate new trends. McLaughlin almost daily consults with her employees for suggestions on what the stores should carry. She relies on their input before making inventory decisions and treats her employees as equals. McLaughlin is demonstrating ____.
consideration
In terms of leadership behavior, the term ____ refers to the extent to which a leader is friendly, approachable, supportive, and shows concern for employees.
consideration
In many organizations, sales managers develop companywide sales forecasts by asking members of the sales force to decide how much growth they anticipate in their individual sales territories. Sales managers then take the input from the individual salespeople and create the companywide sales forecasts based on this information. In the normative decision model, this would be an example of a(n) ____ decision-making style.
consultative
What action can a medium-sized manufacturing company take if it wants to create a positive work environment; where every employee does his or her best work and individual differences are respected and not just ignored?
create a diversity program
The author of The Science of Good and Evil describes his meeting with the founders of Google in the book. He described them as visionary leaders, which means their primary goal for being in business is to ____.
create a positive image of the future
In recent years Kowalski's Markets expanded by purchasing four existing stores. One of the stores was located in Minneapolis' Camden neighborhood, a lower-class community unlike the store's typical upscale customer demographic. Rather than sell the property, the owners decided they had an obligation to provide a neighborhood grocery store to that community. Which of the following is an example of a primary stakeholder group for Kowalski's markets?
customers in the Camden neighborhood
As a German pharmaceuticals company decided to implement a diversity training program, its human resources managers discovered that Americans typically reach decisions very quickly. One German manager described them as "hip shooters." He said, "We [Germans] are more analytical. We're more logical and systematic." This discovery had to do with ____.
deep-level diversity
The social responsiveness strategy that could be considered essentially a public relations approach is the ____ strategy.
defensive
In order to ensure that women have the same opportunities for development and advancement as men, companies should ____.
develop mentoring programs
Recently, a newly appointed CEO of a major corporation began by firing the entire management committee. A few months later, this same executive, fired two of his hand-picked senior executives. From this information, it is obvious that this executive was more concerned about his employees' performances than their job satisfaction. From this information, what type of leadership style is being used?
directive
Refer to Oakland Athletics. One of the reasons for Beane's success is his ability to let employees know precisely what is expected of them, give specific guidelines for playing baseball (e.g., All pitchers are instructed to throw strikes on the first pitch and to throw as few pitches as possible during each inning.), and make sure players follow these standards of performance. Beane is a(n) ____ leader.
directive
Under the leadership of Michael Eisner, The Walt Disney Company developed an "executive-centric, Eisner-centric culture"—whatever Eisner wanted to happen, he made happen. In terms of the path-goal theory, Eisner used a(n) ____ leadership style to improve Disney's profitability.
directive
For some time now, GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) has been making anti-AIDS drugs like Retrovir and Epivir available in hard-hit areas of Africa at up to 75 percent off the global price. By providing the drugs at a fraction of their usual costs, GSK was acting at which level of social responsibility?
discretionary
An individual's ____ refers to his or her tendency to respond to situations and events in a predetermined manner.
disposition
____ helps companies grow by improving the quality of problem solving and improving marketplace understanding.
diversity
____ is a term that describes a situation in organizations when there is a variety of demographic, cultural, and personal differences among the people who work there and the customers who do business there.
diversity
A(n) ____ is a formal assessment that measures employee and management attitudes, investigates the extent to which people are advantaged or disadvantaged with respect to hiring and promotions, and reviews companies' diversity-related policies and procedures.
diversity audit
In a recent meeting, San Mateo County Supervisors voted unanimously to conduct a(n) ____, which would provide an accounting of how well the makeup of local boards and commissions reflects the racial, gender, cultural, geographic, and ethnic diversity of the county. Answer
diversity audit
A key difference between affirmative action and diversity is that ____.
diversity has a broader focus
In the nursing home industry, pairing two younger workers with an older worker creates more job opportunities for the older workers. Furthermore, this pairing could be a significant advantage in nursing homes where an older worker may have more sensitivity to aging problems. This would be an example of a type of mentoring called ____.
diversity pairing
____ within P&G's management has led the company to realize that Hispanic consumers "are more likely to support a company or brand that is active in their community."
diverstity
Companies in several industries are now waking up to the market needs of gays and lesbians. Through diversity programs, organizations are actively recruiting and hiring gays and lesbians to ____.
drive business growth
For some time now, GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) has been making anti-AIDS drugs like Retrovir and Epivir available in hard-hit areas of Africa at up to 75 percent off the global price. But that wasn't enough for AIDS prevention groups, which were outraged by GSK's decision to use the World Trade Organization's (WTO's) patent protection rules to take action against governments importing lower-cost versions of these drugs. AIDS prevention groups saw GSK's use of WTO regulation as acting at which level of social responsibility?
economic
IBM has a long-standing "Reinventing Education" program, which involves intensive research into how educational institutions can use the fruits of new technologies to transform what they do and thereby improve education. In the process, the program is actually helping to shape a market of significant interest to IBM. IBM views the program as an investment rather than as a charitable contribution. This is an example of the positive relationship between social responsibility and ____.
economic performance
Lever's most successful product in India is Fair & Lovely, a skin whitening agent that is sold to dark-skinned women in India marketed to help the women find better husbands and better jobs. Lever is emphasizing its ____ responsibility to make a profit and ignoring its ____ responsibility to help women realize that their appearances are superficial.
economic; discretionary
People with the Big Five dimension of ____ respond well under stress.
emotional stability
Which of the following is another term for considerate leadership behavior?
employee-centered leadership
To help companies reduce age discrimination, their managers can ____.
ensure that younger and older workers interact with each other
The two kinds of charismatic leaders are referred to as ____.
ethical charismatics and unethical charismatics
What term describes the degree of concern people have about an ethical issue?
ethical intensity
____ is strong when decisions have large, certain, immediate consequences and when we are physically or psychologically close to those affected by the decision.
ethical intensity
The glass ceiling is most closely associated with ____.
ethnic, racial, and gender discrimination
According to the U.S. Sentencing Commission Guidelines, what is one method used to determine the level of the offense (i.e., the seriousness of the problem)?
examining the loss incurred by the victims
Refer to Gap. Gap was ignoring its discretionary responsibilities to society when it ____.
ignored the terrible treatment of overseas workers in the clothing industry
Diversity helps companies grow by ____.
improving marketplace understanding
Diversity helps companies grow by ____.
improving the quality of problem solving
U.S.-based McKinsey & Co., the global consultancy, draws its consultants from more than 40 countries. A benefit of its global hiring is that it raises cultural sensitivity. In other words, this benefits McKinsey & Co by ____.
improving the quality of problem solving
Which of the following is a major concern of leaders (as opposed to managers)?
inspiring and motivating others
Oftentimes when an individual is running for a local political office, he or she makes lots of promises. When the individual wins the election and assumes office, he or she is often unable to carry through on political promises, an inability which leads to a perceived problem with ____.
integrity
Research shows that while initiating structure impacts primarily on ____, consideration impacts primarily on ____.
job performance; job satisfaction
The term ____ refers to a work environment where (1) each member is empowered to contribute in a way that maximizes the benefits to the organization, customers, and themselves; and (2) the individuality of each member is respected by not segmenting or polarizing people on the basis of their membership in a particular group.
organizational plurality
A(n) ____ is a written test that estimates employee honesty by directly asking job applicants what they think or feel about theft or about punishment of unethical behaviors.
overt integrity test
According to the path-goal theory of leadership, ____ involves consulting employees for their suggestions and input before making decisions.
participative leadership
According to which of the following leadership model occurs when leaders make it clear how followers can achieve organizational goals, take care of problems that prevent followers from achieving goals, and then find more and varied rewards to motivate followers who achieve those goals, these leaders are demonstrating _____________?
path-goal theory
When Leon was hired to manage the distribution center, his supervisor advised him to "Do things that satisfy followers today or will lead to future rewards or satisfaction" and "Offer employees something unique and valuable beyond what they're experiencing or can already do for themselves". Leon's supervisor's advice was designed to help Leon become a successful leader. Which leadership theory does Leon's supervisor apparently believe to be most effective in making a good leader?
path-goal theory
In Fiedler's contingency theory, the term ____ refers to the degree to which leaders are able to hire, fire, reward, and punish workers.
position power
____ stakeholders are groups, such as shareholders, employees, customers, suppliers, governments, and local communities, on which the organization depends for long-term survival
primary
Refer to Anglo American. The miners who work for Anglo American are examples of ____.
primary stakeholders
The two general categories of stakeholders are ____ stakeholders and ____ stakeholders.
primary; secondary
A company implementing a(n) ____ strategy would demonstrate the greatest willingness on the part of the company to meet or exceed society's expectations.
proactive
IBM has a long-standing "Reinventing Education" program, which involves intensive research into how educational institutions can use the fruits of new technologies to transform what they do and thereby improve education. IBM is using a(n) ____ strategy to show its social responsibility.
proactive
Refer to Anglo American. To meet its obligation for social responsibility, Anglo American used a progressive approach to doing what it could to solve the problems caused by the AIDS epidemic in South Africa. The mining conglomerate used a(n) ____ strategy.
proactive
A U.S. metals broker advertises "95 percent of orders shipped from stock" even though the company has no warehouses and no inventory. When questioned about the truth of the ad, the broker responded, "We do ship 95 percent of our orders from stock, but it is from suppliers' stocks, not ours." To respond to this ethical question, the broker used a(n) ____ strategy.
reactive
Bayer AG was indicted as a participant in an international price-fixing scheme that drove up the costs of rubber chemicals used to make shoes, tires, and other products. Bayer AG paid its fine but did not admit culpability. Instead, the company announced that paying the fine was less costly than litigation. Bayer AG implemented a(n) ____ strategy.
reactive
When media in India informed the public that Coca-Cola products bottled in India contained a high level of certain cancer-causing pesticides, Coke responded by saying that all of India's water was contaminated and that it was not doing anything wrong by using the local water supply. What kind of a strategy did Coke use to respond to its social responsibility problems?
reactive strategy
Which of the following jobs would be most likely to require someone who has high degree of extraversion?
salesperson
Shell's efforts to sink an abandoned offshore oil-storage buoy, were derailed by Greenpeace in Germany, which mounted a well-orchestrated public relations blitz that caused Shell's gasoline sales to plunge by 50 percent at some German stations. This is an example of how ____ stakeholders can influence organizational strategy.
secondary
When media in India informed the public that Coca-Cola products bottled in India contained a high level of certain cancer-causing pesticides, they were acting in the role of ____.
secondary stakeholders
When Suzanne Pogell wanted to learn to sail, she could not find anyone to teach her because men were the ones who sailed, and women were their crew. After mastering sailing, Suzanne started an all-woman sailing school called Womanship as a sole proprietorship. By creating her own business, Suzanne overcame problems associated with ____ while creating a different version of the same problem.
sex discrimination
Bayer AG, Syndial SpA, Crompton Corp., DuPont Dow Elastomers, and Zeon Chemicals are all international manufacturers of rubber chemicals. They have all been indicted as participants in a price-fixing scheme that drove up the costs of chemicals used to make shoes, tires, and other products. They would be most likely to use the ____ model to justify their actions.
shareholder
The ____ model holds that the only social responsibility that businesses have is to maximize profit.
shareholder
Larry Tobin is now president of Fairwinds Credit Union in Florida. After Mr. Tobin assumed the presidency at Fairwinds, he made several personnel changes. Which of the following seems most important to Tobin?
situational favorableness
Recently, a newly appointed CEO of a major corporation began by firing the entire management committee. A few months later, this same executive, fired two of his hand-picked senior executives. From this information, it is obvious that this executive was more concerned about his employees' ____ than their job satisfaction. In terms of Fiedler's contingency theory, this executive was most concerned with establishing ____.
situational favorableness
Ethical intensity depends on all of the following EXCEPT ____.
social commitment
When the world's biggest manufacturer of locks looked at its employee composition, it discovered that its workers were either over 50 or under 30 because the company had done little hiring during the 1980s and 1990s. ____ was needed to get these two groups to respect each other's work abilities.
social integration
Kowalski's Markets, a local supermarket chain in Minneapolis, expanded by purchasing four existing stores. One of the stores was located in Minneapolis' Camden neighborhood, a lower-class community unlike the store's typical upscale customer demographic. Rather than sell the property, the owners decided they had a(n) ____ to provide a neighborhood grocery store to that community.
social responsibility
In an article about BP Amoco, its CEO said that the company's commitment to ____ is all about trying to align its policies, values, and behavior with those of the societies in which it operates because, ultimately, superior performance means being in touch.
social responsibilty
Various persons or groups with a legitimate interest in a company's actions are called ____.
stakeholders
In the trucking industry today, leaders are needed that will do more than simply manage or direct drivers, owner-operators, and the staff that supports them. These leaders need to inspire, coach, encourage, and guide. Today's leaders need to earn consensus by working as part of the team, providing resources to get the job done, then getting out of the way and letting their people perform. Today, these men and women need to be ____ leaders.
strategic
Some employees called former General Electric, CEO Jack Welch, "Bloody Jack" because his restructuring efforts eliminated numerous jobs and product lines without thought about how individual employees were impacted. Mr. Welch was viewed as "the hatchet man," and the source of the firings. Under Fiedler's contingency theory, someone acting like Mr. Welch would be viewed as having ____.
strong position power
Mr. Jan Carlson, the former CEO of Scandinavian Airline Systems (SAS), believes the most important role for a leader is to instill confidence in people. According to the path-goal theory, this statement indicates that his leadership style would be ____.
supportive
According to the path-goal theory of leadership, what leadership style involves being friendly and approachable to employees, showing concern for them and their welfare, treating them as equals, and creating a friendly climate.
supportive influence
Which of the following is NOT a component of transformational leadership?
supportive influence
According to the path-goal theory of leadership, what leadership style involves being friendly and approachable to employees, showing concern for them and their welfare, treating them as equals, and creating a friendly climate.
supportive leadership
To make sure that people of all racial and ethnic backgrounds have the same opportunities, companies should ____.
survey employees about their perceptions and satisfaction
Which of the following is an example of an environmental contingency in path-goal theory?
talk structure
Ethical intensity depends in part upon ____.
temporal immediacy
If a catalog retailer promised customers it would not sell their personal information (addresses, phone numbers, e-mail addresses, etc.) to another direct marketing company, and it did, the catalog retailer would be found guilty of invasion of privacy. Its sentence would be determined by ____.
the U.S. Sentencing Commission Guidelines
According to a recent census, over 40 percent of the Australian population was born overseas or had one parent born overseas. The abilities of these immigrants add value to the Australian workplace. The Australian government would have employers welcome these migrants and their children into their organizations as valued workers. Which paradigm for managing diversity does the Australian government most likely support?
the access and legitimacy paradigm
Which of the following is the most commonly used paradigm for managing diversity?
the discrimination and fairness paradigm
According to the path-goal theory, which of the following is an example of an environmental contingency?
the formal authority system
Which of the following is an example of a rule used within normative decision theory to increase decision quality?
the goal congruence rule
Which of the following is a paradigm for managing diversity?
the learning and effectiveness paradigm
Which of the following is NOT an example of a stakeholder group that an organization must satisfy to assure long-term survival?
the media
Which of the following is a secondary stakeholder group?
the media
When Leon was hired to manage the distribution center, his supervisor advised him to "Do things that satisfy followers today or will lead to future rewards or satisfaction" and "Offer employees something unique and valuable beyond what they're experiencing or can already do for themselves". Leon's supervisor's advice was designed to help Leon become a successful leader. Which leadership theory does Leon's supervisor apparently believe to be most effective in making a good leader?
the path-goal theory
One of the criticisms of the television industry is the networks' desire to maintain ratings by thinking in terms of next week's programming. The networks are also more concerned with how to get high program ratings quickly. This criticism assumes ____.
the television industry has a shortage of effective leadership
Relatively stable characteristics such as abilities, psychological motives, or consistent patterns of behavior, form the basis for the ____ of leadership.
trait theory
Which leadership style would be most likely to rely on positive and negative reinforcement?
transactional leadership
UPS was founded UPS in 1907 as a message delivery business. The development of the telephone would have put an end to the business if UPS's founder had not been a ____ type of leader. One who was able to get his employees to accomplish more than they had thought possible and re-invent the company as a company that delivered goods for retailers.
transformational
Research results consistently show ____.
transformational leadership is much more effective on average than transactional leadership
______ leaders are ones who will control and manipulate followers, do what is best for themselves instead of his or her organization, only want to hear positive feedback, only share information that is beneficial to themselves, and have moral standards that put their interests before everyone else's.
unethical charismatic
People with Machiavellian personalities believe that virtually any type of behavior is acceptable if it helps satisfy needs or accomplish goals. Add that skill to someone with the ability to create strong bonds with followers and you have described a leader who is a(n) ____.
unethical charismatic leader
As CEO of UPS, Michael Eskew transformed the company from a package delivery service to a logistics expert so it could serve as a traffic manager for corporate America. As a transformational manager, Eskew ____.
used intellectual stimulation to encourage his employees to take innovative approaches to problem solving
Malcolm Thompson was brought in as the CEO of Novalux, a company involved in laser research, to save the company's promise of innovation. It's what he loves: turning ideas into companies, then shaping those businesses to meet evolving challenges. "You're never done," he says. "It always looks like you're near the finish line, but there are always new opportunities along the road—and new obstacles you'd never thought of. That's part of the exploration—constantly looking at the next problem and the next solution." Apparently, Thompson is an example of a(n) ____.
visionary leader
Refer to Oakland Athletics. Beane operates within windows of opportunity; that's all he can afford. Because compensation trails performance, he must find players on the rise, guys who haven't caught fire yet but who could. His ability to see potential players creates a positive image for the baseball club's future. Beane's ability to provide direction for the future means that he could be classified as a(n) ____.
visionary leader