micro ch. 20 inclass notes

Ringworm infections

"fungal infections" and have nothing to do with worms.

Cryptococcosis

2 subspecies of cryptococcus neoformans, an encapsulated yeast, transmission occurs by inhalation of yeast. is diagnosed by india ink preparation.

Fungal Infections of the Lower Respiratory Tract

Coccidioidomycosis (Valley Fever), Cryptococcosis, Histoplasmosis, Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP, Interstitial Plasma-Cell Pneumonia).

Subcutaneous mycoses

These are fungal infections of the dermis and underlying tissues. They are "more severe than superficial and cutaneous mycoses".

otomycosis

a fungal infection of the outer ear canal, most often caused by a mould.

Thrush

a yeast infection of the oral cavity (most often a Candida infection) . It is common in infants, elderly patients, and immunosuppressed individuals. White, creamy patches occur on the tongue, mucous membranes, and the corners of the mouth. "caused by candida albicans".

Systemic mycoses

also known as generalized or deep-seated mycoses. These are the "most serious" types of fungal infections. They are fungal infections of internal organs of the body, sometimes affecting two or more organ systems simultaneously. EX: simultaneous infection of the respiratory system and the bloodstream, or simultaneous infection of the respiratory tract and the central nervous system.

fungal pathogens

cause disease by invasion and mechanical destruction of tissue and obstruction of the flow of bodily fluids.

cryptococcal meningitis

caused by 3 subspecies of cryptococcus neoformans, an encapsulated yeast. starts as a lung infection, but spreads by the bloodstream to the brain. diagnosed by observing encapsulated budding yeast in CSF by a india ink preparation.

Pneumocystis Pneumonia "PCP, Interstitial Plasma-Cell Pneumonia"

caused by P. jiroveci, which has both protozoal and fungal properties. was once classified as a protozoan, but is now classified as a fungus. mode of transport is unknown, perhaps direct contact, pulmonary secretion, or airborne.

causes of mycoses

certain yeast, moulds, and dimorphic fungi.

Coccidioidomycosis "Valley Fever"

coccidioides immitis, a dimorfic fungus, transmission occurs by inhalation of arthrospores.

cutaneous, hair, and nail mycoses

fungal infections of the living layers of skin (the dermis), hair shafts, and nails, commonly called tinea infections or ringworm infections, are caused by a group of moulds collectively referred to as dermatophytes. EX: tinea barbae, tinea capitis, tinea corporis, tinea cruris, tinea pedis, and tinea unguium.

superficial mycoses

fungal infections of the outermost areas of the human body, including the outer surfaces of hair shafts and the outermost, nonliving layer of the skin (epidermis).

mycoses "mycosis"

fungal infections.

C. albicans

is the yeast and the fungus most commonly isolated from clinical specimens. causes approximately one third of the cases of vaginitis in the United States.

Dermatophytosis "collectively referred to as dermatophytes"

known as tinea (ringworm) infections and dermatomycosis. caused by various species of filamentous fungi, including microsporum, epidermophyton and trichophyton spp. "nothing to do with worms."

Yeast Vaginitis

most cases are caused by the yeast candida albicans. can be diagnosed by microscopic examination of a saline wet mouth of vaginal dischatge material, in which numerous yeast and hyphea may be observed. the mere presence of yeast is not proof of yeast vaginitis, as the vaginal flora of up to 25% of healthy women contain candida spp.

Histoplasmosis

most common systemic fungal disease in the US. histoplasma capsulatum, a dimorphic fungus, transmission occurs by inhalation of conidia from the soil. is the most common systemic fungal infections in AIDS patients.

tinea corporis

ringworm infection of face, trunk, major limbs.

tinea cruris

ringworm infection of groin, perineal and perianal areas.

tinea unguium

ringworm infection of nails.

tinea capitis

ringworm infection of scalp, eyebrows, eyelashes.

tinea pedis

ringworm infection of soles and between toes. "athletes foot".

tinea barbae

ringworm infection of the beard and moustache.

fungal infection of oral cavity

thrush (oral candidiasis).