Microbiology chapter 1

Microbiology

A specialized area of biology that deals with living things ordinarily too small to be seen without magnification, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, and viruses.

Onesiums

Africa, prevented outbreak of smallpox in Boston.

Eukaryotic

Algae, Protozoa, mold, yeast, Arthropod, parasite worms

Prokaryotes

Bacteria and Archaea

Jospeh Lister

Began using disinfectants and antiseptics during surgery

Eukaryotic

Cell with a nucleus (surrounded by its own membrane) and other internal organelles.

Scientific Method

Develops rational hypothesis into theories that can be tested. Theories that can be repeated and tested overtime become LAWS.

order of taxonomy

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Prokaryotic cell are placed in

Domains - archaea + bacteria

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Dutch, Invented the microscope that can magnify 300X

John Tyndall

English, Found that microbes in the dust and air have high heat resistance

Louis Pasteur

French, father of microbiology. Fermentation-microbial in wine+ beer formation. Invented pasteurization and complete some of the first studies showing that human diseases could arise from infection.

Virus

Generic material wrapped in a protein, DNA or RNA , their job is to get into a host and make more of it.

Robert Koch

German, introduced Koch's postulates, a series of proofs that verified the germ theory and could establish whether an organism was pathogenic and which disease it caused.

Ignaz Semmelweis

Identified cause of childbed fever. Emphasized doctor cleanliness.

microorganism

Living organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye, bacteria, virus, fungi, Protozoa, algae helminths- parasite worms

5 major kingdoms

Monera, Fungi, protists , Plants, Animals

Organelle

Structures in cells bound by one or more membrane.

Taxonomy

The scientific study of how living things are classified. Primary concerns if taxonomy are classification, nomenclature and identification.

Ferdinand Cohn

a German botanist, clarified why heat resistant endospores weren't completely eliminated by heat

Prokaryotic

cells that do not have a nucleus

Dr. Jenner

invented first small pox vaccine, from cowpox virus

Pasteur's experiment

swan-necked flasks- proved that living things don't come from dead thing.

nomenclature

system of naming

spontaneous generation

the mistaken idea that living things can arise from nonliving sources