Microbiology Chapter 1 Test

Which of the following scientists disproved the theory of spontaneous generation using swan necked flasks?

Louis Pasteur

In the video entitled Lies, Thieves and DNA, Hershey and Chase experiment used radioactive isotopes to label which of the following biological molecules?

Nucleic acids and proteins

Who discovered the bacterium that cause TB? A) Louis Pasteur B) Robert Koch C) Edward Trudeau D) Robert Hooke E) Antoni van Leuwenhoek

Robert Koch

Arthropods, such as mosquitoes do not usually directly cause disease, but they can harbor and transmit diseased such as malaria and west nile. In this situation, a mosquito serves as a ____ that carries and transmits the disease

Vector

An extrachromosomal circular piece of double stranded DNA that is often found in many bacterial species is called:

a plasmid

Resolution

ability to distinguish individual objects very close together

Reflection

altering the path of waves when they bounce off of an objects or surface

Prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, contain their genomic DNA in a region of the cell called: A. endosome B. nucleoid C. nucleus d. nucleolus e. endospore

b. nucleoid

Refraction

bending of waves passing through one medium and into another

Bacteria of the dental plaque that builds up on teeth is an example of:

biofilm production

What is bacteriophage? A) A virus that attacks specific kinds of bacteria B) A virus that can be used as a vaccine C) A bacterium that treats viral infections D) A bacterium that lives inside other cells E) A bacterium that attacks specific kinds of viruses

A) A virus that attacks specific kinds of bacteria

Which of the following tools expanded the study of microbiology in the 17th century? A) Compound microscopes B) Electron microscopes C) Agar media D) Computer technology E) X-rays

A) Compound microscopes

Which of these physicians were most critical to the development of aseptic technique? A) Joseph Lister and Ignaz Semmelweis B) Louis Pasteur and Craig Venter C) Edward Jenner and Louis Pasteur D) Robert Koch and Ignaz Semmelweis E) Robert Hooke and Anton van Leeuwenhoek

A) Joseph Lister and Ignaz Semmelweis

Alexander Fleming is best known for what discovery? A) Penicillin B) Rabies vaccine C) Quinine D) The cause of anthrax E) Smallpox vaccine

A) Penicillin

What events led to the upsurge of study in microbial genetics? A) Rediscovery of Mendel's principles of genetics in 1900 B) The discovery that microbes could be used in experiments on metabolism C) Griffith's transfer of genes between microbes D) Both the rediscovery of Mendel's principles of genetics in 1900 and discoveries that microbes could be used in experiments on metabolism E) All of these

A) Rediscovery of Mendel's principles of genetics in 1900

What was the first body secretion found to have chemotherapeutic properties? A)Salvarsan B) Penicillin C) Lysozyme D) Amylase E) Adrenaline

A) Salvarsan

The experiments of Hershey and Chase led to what major biological development? A) The acceptance of DNA as genetic material in organisms B) The creation of the first vaccine C) The development of a technique for crystallizing viral particles D) The development of aseptic technique E) The development of the first antibiotic

A) The acceptance of DNA as genetic material in organisms

The theory of spontaneous generation states that: A) living organisms arise from non-living sources B) cells are the fundamental unit of life. C) microorganisms can invade other forms of life and cause disease. D) Disease is passed from person to person via "seeds" E) gems cannot be visualized without the use of a microscope

A) living organisms arise from non-living sources.

Which of the following would provide better resolution for viewing most bacterial cells using standard bright field optical compound microscopy?

Blue light

Fredrick Griffith is best known for what contribution to the field of microbiology and genetics? A) Developing four major principles for the inheritance of characteristics B) Determining the structure of DNA C) Discovering that previously harmless live bacteria could acquire heritable traits from dead bacterial and become pathogenic D) Demonstrating how genetic information controls metabolism E) None of these

C) Discovering that previously harmless live bacteria and become pathogenic

Staphylo

cell arranged in grape like clusters

Louis Pasteur

created a rabies vaccine from dried nerve tissue of an infected animal

Robert Koch

developed methods for isolating pure cultures of bacteria

"without ease"

disease

_________ of bacteria allow members of the genus Clostridium to survive oxygen containing environments, even though oxygen is toxic to this genus of bacteria.

endospores

A major component of gram-negative outer membranes, lipopolysaccharide can stimulate shock and fever and is referred to as:

endotoxin

Edward Jenner

first widely documented use of cow pox to immunize people against small pox

Arrangement

general term that refers to the shape of a bacterial cell

Gram negative bacteria stain is what color?

pink

Paul Ehrlich

proposed the idea o fa "magic bullet" that would kill bacteria but not humans

Morphology

refers to the specific pattern of distribution of bacterial cells

Contrast

staining bacterial cells provides this property to be able to see the cells better

Coccus

term that means the bacterial cell is spherical

Bacteria are asexual and reproduce by:

Binary fission

Diffraction

Bending of waves passing around the edge of a barrier

What led Paul Ehrlich to search for the "magic bullet" to destroy bacterial cells without damaging surrounding tissue. A) His daughter died of bacterial infection B) He discovered that certain dyes stained microorganisms but not animal cells C) He fell ill with TB D)He wanted to eradicate syphilis from the world stage E) None of these choices

B) He discovered that certain dyes stained microorganisms but not animal cells.

A primary reason for Bubonic plague's expansion into early European population is: A) European populations consisted of people with weak immune systems B) International trade and travel increased allowing foreigners to transmit infections C) European populations were not as hygiene conscious as other populations D) All of these choices E) None of these choices

B) International trade and travel increased allowing foreigners to transmit infections.

Why did the use of phages in treating bacterial infections fall out of favor in the 1940s? A) Phages were the center of Soviet research and the Soviet's stopped working due to WW2 B)Phages research stopped due to the discovery of antibiotics C)Phages were found to be ineffective in treating bacterial infections D) All of these E) None of these

B) Phage research stopped due to the discovery of antibiotics

Which of the following is the name given to viruses that infect bacteria, many of which are present in our digestive tract to protect us from enteric pathogens? A) archaea B) bacteriophages C) helminths D) prions E) protozoa

B) bacteriophages

Rod-shaped bacterial cells

Bacilli

A compound light microscope can be used to observe:

Bacteria, cell organelles, and red blood cells

The use of viruses that infect bacteria to treat infectious diseases, especially ones that are difficult to treat and or are resistant to antibiotics is called?

Bacteriophage therapy

Which of these statements fits best with the Germ Theory of Disease? A) Living organisms arise from non-living sources. B) Cells are the fundamental unit of life. C) Disease can be spread when a microbe is passed from person to person. D) A disease organism can develop within a person from inorganic matter. E) Germs cannot live outside the human body.

C) Disease can be spread when a microbe is passed from person to person.

Which of these is most consistent with Jenner and Pasteurs purpose of vaccination A) Prevent the person from ever encountering a disease organism B) Allow the vaccine to course through the body and kill disease organisms C) Expose the body to a mild form of a disease to prevent a more serious form D) Not to help the person who is vaccinated, but to prevent spread to others.

C) Expose the body to a mild form of a disease to prevent a more serious form

What are Robert Koch's Postulates used for? A) Identifying bacteria by shape and size B) Developing methods for growing bacteria in pure cultures C) Linking a specific organism to a specific disease D) Developing methods for staining bacteria. E) Determining the symptoms of a microbial disease

C) Linking a specific organism to a specific disease

Which of these microbiology researchers would focus their study on organisms such as worms living inside humans and producing disease? A) Bacteriologist B) Mycologist C) Parasitologist D)Virologist E)Taxonomist

C) Parasitologist

Which of these groups lack ribosomes? A) fungi B) Bacteria C) Viruses D) Protozoa E) Helminths

C) Viruses

Scientists have found many antibiotics by examining microorganisms in ____________ A) air B) Water C)soil D) food E) feces

C) soil

Why is it important to study microbiology? A) Microorganisms are part of the natural environment and important to nutrient cycling. B) Microorganisms are vital to producing essential products. C) Microorganisms are linked to many human diseases. D) All of these

D

Which of these is the best example of gene therapy? A) A patient's gene is sequences and used to diagnose their condition B) A chemotherapeutic agent is used to damage genes of a disease organism C)A new organism is engineered and placed in a person to attack disease organisms. D) A patient has a "normal" DNA section placed in her cells to change the cell's behavior E) A mild form of a disease is used to prevent a more serious infection.

D) A patient has a "normal" DNA section placed in her cells to change the cell's behavior

Which of the following is not a development that has aided in the study of disease in the field of immunology? A) Development of chicken cholera vaccine B) Identification of phagocytes C) Development of rabies vaccine D) Development of microscope E) None of these

D) Development of the microscope

Which of the following scientists disproved the theory of spontaneous generation using swan-necked flasks? A) Theodor Schwann B) Matthias Schneiden C) Robert Hooke D) Louis Pasteur E) Anton van Leeuwenhoek

D) Louis Pasteur

Besides the importance of human health, why is it important to study microbiology? A) Microorganisms are interesting to researches B) Microorganisms are the best subjects on which to conduct scientific research C) Microorganisms are all detrimental to the human species D) Microorganism provide insight into life processes of all life forms E) All of these choices

D) Microorganism provide insight into life processes of all life forms

What is the causative agent of TB? A) Bacillus anthraces B) Clostridium difficile C) E. Coli D) Mycobacterium tuberculosis E) Mycoplasma tuberculosis

D) Mycobacterium TB

Which of these groups are single celled and possess a nucleus? A) Fungi B) Bacteria C) Viruses D) Protozoa E) Helminths

D) Protozoa

Many antibiotics are produced by species of ____? A) air B) humans C)viruses D) fungi E) protozoa

D) fungi

In the classic experiments of Hershey and Chase, the results of their labeled page experiments showed:

DNA was transferred to bacteria and likely was the carrier of genetic information

Which of the following is a useful microscopic technique for observing living microbes, thus seeing their viable morphology and possible motility?

Dark field microscopy

Which of the following is not a contribution made by Louis Pasteur? A)Pasteurization B)Development of rabies vaccination C) Disproved theory of spontaneous generation D) Director of research institute E) Developed the scanning electron microscope

E

Which of the following researchers is not associated with research in microbial genetics? A) Craig Venter B)Fredrick Griffiths C) Edward Tatum D) George Beadle E) Alexander Fleming

E) Alexander Fleming

Which of the following is not a development that has aided in the study of disease in the field of virology? A) Development of techniques for isolating viruses B)Development of techniques for propagating viruses C) Development of techniques for analyzing viruses D)Development of techniques for crystallizing viruses E) Development of the tuberculosis skin test

E) Development of the TB skin test

Which of the following is not typically studied in microbiology? A) Bacteria B) Viruses C) Fungi D) Algae E) Multicellular plants

E) Multicellular

Which of following is not typically studied in microbiology? A) Bacteria B) Viruses C) Fungi D) Algae E) Multicellular plants

E) Multicellular plants

Which is false regarding Archaea? A) They lack a nucleus B) They are considered to be one of the 3 domains of life C) The often live in extremely hot or salty environments D) They lack cell walls E) They are responsible for some human diseases.

E) They are responsible for some human diseases

This theory holds that certain organelles of eukaryotic cells arose from engulfed prokaryotes that survived to develop a mutually sustaining relationship. A) Germ Theory of disease B) Theory of Natural Selection C) Theory of spontaneous generation D) Koch's postulates E) Endosymbiont Theory

Endosymbiont Theory

The genetic structure of prokaryotic cells is usually found as

RNA in the nucleoid of the cell

Bacillus

Term that means the bacterial cell is rod shaped

Francesco Redi

used meat in jars to try and disprove spontaneous generation