Microbiology Chapter 14

Which of the following can contribute to postoperative infections?

All of the answers are correct.

Part complete A researcher only needs to select a cohort group when implementing an analytical epidemiological study.

False

Urinary tract infections are the most common forms of nosocomial infections.

False

Part complete Which of the following statements about biological transmission is FALSE?

Houseflies are an important vector.

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

The M in MRSA stands for mannitol.

In the sixth segment of the animation, why is the disease epidemic in North America?

The disease occurs at a higher rate than what would normally be expected in this region.

Emergence of infectious diseases can be attributed to all of the following EXCEPT

The emergence of infectious diseases can be attributed to all of these.

Part complete Which of the following statements about the development of infectious diseases is correct?

The period of convalescence is the time during which the person regains health and fully recovers (back to the pre-disease state).

Which is an example of vehicle disease transmission?

The presence of Listeria on undercooked chicken served for dinner

The yeast Candida albicans does not normally cause disease because of

antagonistic bacteria.

Part complete In which of the following patterns of disease does the patient experience no signs or symptoms?

both incubation and convalescence

Which of the following diseases is NOT spread by droplet infection?

botulism

A researcher has performed a prospective study on a disease. To which specific kind of epidemiological study is this referring?

descriptive

Infectious disease

disease directly caused by microorganisms and not by other means, for example, genetic or degenerative disease

Part complete Which of the following would be an example of disease transmission via indirect contact?

disease transmission via indirect

The following choices list several types of diseases, along with factors that may contribute to their emergence. Which disease and associated factor do NOT match?

emergence of avian influenza A (H5N1); use of antibiotics

Malaria is an infectious disease caused by infection with a protozoan. In certain tropical regions, malaria is constantly present. We would say that malaria is a(n) __________ disease in these regions.

endemic

If a disease occurs at a fairly stable rate, it is said to be

endemic.

A cold transmitted by a facial tissue is an example of

fomite

Focal infections initially start out as

local infections

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

malaria vector salmonellosis vehicle transmission influenza droplet infection syphilis direct contact

A commensal bacterium

may also be an opportunistic pathogen

The major significance of Robert Koch's work is that

microorganisms cause disease.

Pseudomonas bacteria colonized the bile duct of a patient following his liver transplant surgery. This is an example of a

nosocomial infection

Which of the following is a fungal zoonosis that can be transmitted by direct contact?

ringworm

Which of the following definitions is INCORRECT?

secondary infection: a long-lasting illness

Koch observed Bacillus anthracis multiplying in the blood of cattle. What is the condition specifically called when pathogens multiply in the blood?

septicemia

Which of the following is classified as a latent disease?

shingles

Compromised hosts are always suffering from suppressed immune systems.

False

MMWR is a publication by the CDC that reports on only emerging diseases.

False

Which one of the following is NOT a zoonosis?

All of these are zoonoses.

Which of the following would be considered a fomite?

An infected toy

How might a patient who is not being treated with an antibiotic still be exposed to an antibiotic?

Antibiotics can be used in aerosols, thereby entering the environment.

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

At least one member must benefit in a symbiotic relationship.

The CDC is located in

Atlanta, GA

What type of nosocomial infection is likely to arise from intravenous catheterizations?

Bacteremia

During a six-month period, 239 cases of pneumonia occurred in a town of 300 people. A clinical case was defined as fever 39°C lasting >2 days with three or more symptoms (i.e., chills, sweats, severe headache, cough, aching muscles/joints, fatigue, or feeling ill). A laboratory-confirmed case was defined as a positive result for antibodies against Coxiella burnetii. Before the outbreak, 2000 sheep were kept northwest of the town. Of the 20 sheep tested from the flock, 15 were positive for C. burnetii antibodies. Wind blew from the northwest, and rainfall was 0.5 cm compared with 7 to 10 cm during each of the previous three years. The etiologic agent of the disease in the situation is

Coxiella burnetii.

Which of the following is NOT a verified exception in the use of Koch's postulates?

Some diseases are noncommunicable.

Epidemiology is defined as the study of

The science that deals with when diseases occur and how they are transmitted is

Etiology

The study of the cause of a disease

Why are invasive procedures likely to increase the risk of nosocomial infections?

These procedures allow microbes from the skin to enter the bloodstream of the patient.

A host is not considered diseased until an infection changes one's state of health.

True

Both normal and transient flora can become opportunistic pathogens.

True

For a particular disease at a specific time period, morbidity rates should always be equal or greater than mortality rates.

True

Testing the effectiveness of a new drug for anthrax would be best performed as an experimental study.

True

Which of the following is a fomite?

a hypodermic needle

During a six-month period, 239 cases of pneumonia occurred in a town of 300 people. A clinical case was defined as fever 39°C lasting >2 days with three or more symptoms (i.e., chills, sweats, severe headache, cough, aching muscles/joints, fatigue, or feeling ill). A laboratory-confirmed case was defined as a positive result for antibodies against Coxiella burnetii. Before the outbreak, 2000 sheep were kept northwest of the town. Of the 20 sheep tested from the flock, 15 were positive for C. burnetii antibodies. Wind blew from the northwest, and rainfall was 0.5 cm compared with 7 to 10 cm during each of the previous three years. the situation is an example of

a zoonosis.

Symptoms of disease differ from signs of disease in that symptoms

are changes felt by the patient.

Transient microbiota differ from normal microbiota in that transient microbiota

are present for a relatively short time.

Which of the following is NOT an example of microbial antagonism?

bacteria causing disease

When aerosols containing pathogens spread disease from a distance of less than one meter, it is considered

contact transmission.

Which of the following definitions is INCORRECT?

epidemic: a disease that is endemic across the world

The science that deals with when diseases occur and how they are transmitted is called

epidemiology.

Which of the following is NOT a predisposing factor of disease?

genetic background lifestyle climate occupation

Which one of the following does NOT contribute to the incidence of nosocomial infections?

gram-negative cell walls

If a prodromal period exists for a certain disease, it should occur prior to

illness.

One effect of washing regularly with antibacterial agents is the removal of normal microbiota. This can result in

increased susceptibility to disease.

A needlestick is an example of

indirect contact transmission by fomite

Part complete Biological transmission differs from mechanical transmission in that biological transmission

involves reproduction of a pathogen in an arthropod vector prior to transmission.

Which of the following is NOT a communicable disease?

tetanus

Expected prevalence of a disease is

the expected occurrence of a disease based on past observations.

In which of the following diseases can gender be considered a viable predisposing factor?

urinary tract infections

The rise in herd immunity amongst a population can be directly attributed to

vaccinations

During a six-month period, 239 cases of pneumonia occurred in a town of 300 people. A clinical case was defined as fever 39°C lasting >2 days with three or more symptoms (i.e., chills, sweats, severe headache, cough, aching muscles/joints, fatigue, or feeling ill). A laboratory-confirmed case was defined as a positive result for antibodies against Coxiella burnetii. Before the outbreak, 2000 sheep were kept northwest of the town. Of the 20 sheep tested from the flock, 15 were positive for C. burnetii antibodies. Wind blew from the northwest, and rainfall was 0.5 cm compared with 7 to 10 cm during each of the previous three years. The method of transmission of the disease in the situation was

vehicle.

As a health care worker, you are keenly aware of how important it is to avoid harming patients. You worry about inadvertently transmitting an infectious disease to an already compromised individual. According to the CDC, what is the most important thing you can do to avoid this?

wash my hands before interacting with any patient

Diseases that are referred to as emerging infectious diseases have only been discovered in the past fifty years.

where and when a disease occurs, and how it is transmitted.