Mitosis and meiosis

How does cytokinesis differ in plants and animals? Plant and animal cells both undergo mitotic cell divisions.

Their main difference is how they form the daughter cells during cytokinesis. During that's stage, animal cells form furrow or cleavage that gives way to formation of daughter cells. Due to the existence of the rigid cell wall, plant cells don't form furrows. Instead, they form cell plate at the center of the diving cells separating the two forming components. During telophase, plant cells phragmoplast forms in the center of the cell.

What determines the GENETIC sex of a person? What happens if an embryo does not inherit an X chromosome?

When the baby is conceived, a chromosome from the sperm cell, either X or Y, fuses with the X chromosome in the egg cell, determining whether the baby will be female (XX) or male (XY).

Describe the differences between hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic solutions. How do they relate to cells?

A hypertonic solution is one with a higher concentration of solutes outside the cell than inside the cell while Hypotonic refers to a lower concentration of solutes outside the cell than inside the cell and An isotonic solution is one in which its effective osmole concentration is the same as the solute concentration of a cell. Water moves readily across cell membranes through special protein-lined channels, and if the total concentration of all dissolved solutes is not equal on both sides, there will be net movement of water molecules into or out of the cell.

Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis in terms of their key similarities and differences

Both mitosis and meiosis are associated with cytokinesis. The end result of both are daughter cells produced from a parent cell. The fundamental sequence of events in mitosis is the same as in meiosis (in meiosis it happens twice). Both processes include the breakdown of the nuclear membrane, the separation of genetic material into two groups, followed by cell division and the reformation of the nuclear membrane in each cells. The processes differ in two fundamental. Meiosis has two rounds of genetic separation and cellular division while mitosis only has one of each. In meiosis homologous chromosomes separate leading to daughter cells that are not genetically identical. In mitosis the daughter cells are identical to the parent as well as to each other.

Compare and contrast endocytosis (including all types) and exocytosis

Endocytosis is a form of active transport in which cell transports molecules (such as proteins) into the cell by engulfing them in an energy using process and exocytosis is the process by which membrane-enclosed intracellular vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane and then open and release their contents to the extracellular space. These are both cellular means of transporting substances across a cell membrane via the use of a vesicle. However, the processes differ in the direction in which the substances move across the cell membrane. During endocytosis, substances are brought into the cell ("endo" = in). During exocytosis, substances exit the cell ("exo" = exit).

What is nondisjunction, and how does it relate to meiosis and chromosomal abnormalities?

Nondisjunction Produces Abnormal Gametes. ... If nondisjunction occurs during anaphase I of meiosis I, this means that at least one pair of homologous chromosomes did not separate. The end result is two cells that have an extra copy of one chromosome and two cells that are missing that chromosome.

Compare and contrast oogenesis and spermatogenesis. What is the "cost of meiosis"

Spermatogenesis the process of formation sperms is called spermatogenesis primary sex organs testis in males and ovaries female produce gametes, i. Gametogenesis is the just like spermatogenesis, oogenesis involves formation of haploid cells there are two major differences between male and female production gametes.

What is the cell cycle? Explain what happens at each step, and how it relates to cancer

The cell cycle is a set of events involving cell growth and division into 2 daughter cells. -Stages- • Interphase ​G1=Gap 1 ​S=Synthesis=DNA replication ​G2=Gap 2 • Mitosis-nuclear division of cell which produces 2 identical daughter cells.

Why does meiosis go through two main phases?

The cell goes through similar stages and uses similar strategies to organize and separate chromosomes. In meiosis, however, the cell has a more complex task. It still needs to separate sister chromatids (the two halves of a duplicated chromosome), as in mitosis. But it must also separate homologous chromosomes, the similar but nonidentical chromosome pairs an organism receives from its two parents.

How does meiosis relate to genetic diversity?

enetic variation is increased by meiosis. During fertilisation, 1 gamete from each parent combines to form a zygote. Because of recombination and independent assortment in meiosis, each gamete contains a different set of DNA. This produces a unique combination of genes in the resulting zygote.