Modern American History Midterm
C
"Dollar Diplomacy" is associated primarily with the administration of A) Theodore Roosevelt B) Woodrow Wilson C) William Howard Taft D) Warren Harding E) William McKinley.
B
African Americans employed by New Deal relief programs A) saw existing patterns of discrimination dismantled. B) were among the first to be released when funds ran out. C) were paid the same wages as whites doing the same jobs. D) All these answers are correct. E) were both paid the same wages as whites doing the same jobs, and among the first to be released when funds ran out.
A
After 1929, in the face of the worsening global economic crisis, the United States A) refused to alter the payment schedule of debts owed by European nations to America B) reduced the debts owed by European nations to America C) forgave the debts owed by former allies during the War, and reduced the debts of other nations D) demanded immediate payment of all debts owed by European nations to America E) forgave the debts owed by European nations to America
C
After Democrats won control of Congress in the 1930 elections, President Herbert Hoover A) criticized voters for abandoning the economic principles of the Republican Party B) urged the new Congress to construct "Hoovervilles" to shelter the unemployed. C) refused to support a more vigorous public spending program for relief D) told reporters that his economic recovery policies had not been successfu E) deferred to their economic agenda of relief and public spending programs
C
After World War I, the new Ku Klux Klan A) focused primarily on intimidating African Americans B) officially renounced the use of violence C) became primarily concerned about Catholics, Jews, and foreigners D) was a males-only organization E) was largely centered in the South
E
All of the following groups were part of the New Deal political coalition EXCEPT A) western and southern farmers B) liberals and progressives C) urban blacks D) the working class E) big-business owners
E
All of the following occurred as a result of the Tennessee Valley Authority EXCEPT A) improvements to water transportation B) electricity being provided to thousands of new users C) flooding being almost entirely eliminated in the affected region. D) a decline in the cost of power from private companies E) significant reduction in poverty in the region.
A
All of the following programs were part of the Second New Deal EXCEPT A) the Federal Emergency Relief Administration B) higher tax rates for the wealthy C) the Wagner Act D) the Holding Company Act E) the National Labor Relations Act.
D
All of the following statements regarding the 1932 "Bonus Army" are true EXCEPT that A) Hoover called some marchers' behavior evidence of uncontrolled violence and radicalism B) more than 20,000 American veterans camped out in Washington, D.C. C) the United States Army, led by General Douglas MacArthur, forced the veterans to flee in terror D) the "Army" demanded Congress create relief programs for World War I veterans E) Congress refused to formally consider the demands of the "Army"
E
All the following factors contributed to the Great Depression EXCEPT A) a lack of diversification in the United States economy B) a maldistribution of purchasing power C) an unstable European economy D) weak consumer demand E) conservative banking policies that restricted the availability of loans
B
All the following statements regarding the New Deal and women are true EXCEPT that A) women were encouraged to leave the workplace to help men get jobs. B) in general, women were major critics of the New Deal. C) New Deal relief agencies offered relatively little employment for women. D) the New Deal sanctioned sexually discriminatory wage rates E) many occupations dominated by women were excluded from Social Security.
C
As Herbert Hoover began his presidency, he A) renounced his earlier policy of associationalism. B) assumed the economy might suffer a mild recession C) considered the country's economic future bright D) called for voluntary guidelines to stabilize the stock market E) feared a depression
E
As a result of the Great Depression, social values in the United States A) saw Americans embrace nearly any idea that was new or nontraditional B) saw a majority of Americans question the future of democracy C) saw the idea of individual initiative fall into disrepute. D) saw most Americans turn against the traditional "success ethic." E) seemed to change relatively little
D
As a result of the service of African American soldiers in World War I, A) northern black factory workers were able to keep their jobs when white veterans returned. B) the country saw a general improvement in race relations C) public attitudes on race were significantly altered. D) activism by blacks for their rights increased E) the federal government integrated the armed forces
B
As the depression deepened, President Herbert Hoover A) encouraged businessmen to reduce their industrial production B) grew less willing to increase federal spending C) stopped worrying about trying to balance the budget D) called for a reduction in taxes E) began to experiment with untried economic principles
E
Between his election in 1932 and the inauguration in 1933, Franklin Roosevelt A) established the Works Progress Administration B) declared he would dramatically increase government spending C) promised to maintain a balanced federal budget D) made no public statements E) refused to make any agreements on the economic direction of the country with the outgoing president, Herbert Hoover.
C
By the end of 1938, A) Congress had come to accept the need for further reforms. B) President Roosevelt began what became known as the "Third New Deal." C) The New Deal had largely come to an end. D) the nation had largely emerged from the Depression. E) the American public had come to strongly oppose the New Deal
C
Calvin Coolidge A) believed the federal government should actively promote the social welfare of Americans B) had no political experience prior to becoming vice president in 1920 C) was less active a president than Warren Harding D) lost his party's bid for another nomination in the election of 1928 E) claimed that Theodore Roosevelt was his political role model
C
During World War I, the United States government primarily financed the war through A) deficit spending and currency manipulation. B) foreign loans and the printing of new currency C) public bond sales and new taxes D) private business and banking loans E) currency inflation and the sale of gold reserves
A
During its first year, the Civil Works Administration A) put four million people to work B) was soon replaced by the Federal Emergency Relief Administration C) planned for major building projects such as dams, airports, and power plants D) provided relief funds but not relief work E) made little progress in helping the jobless.
B
During the 1930s, regarding radio, A) radio sets were basically unusable in rural areas without electricity. B) listening was often a community experience C) the largest proportion of programming was devoted to news D) around half of all American homes owned a radio E) most programs were increasingly prerecorded
B
During the 1930s, southern rural blacks who moved to northern urban area A) joined the NAACP in large numbers. B) generally experienced conditions that were in most respects little better than in the South C) None of these answers is correct D) faced blatant discrimination, much as they had in the South. E) could easily find domestic service jobs that no whites wanted.
D
During the 1930s, the left in the United States A) both experienced intense government hostility and saw a widening of the ideological range of mainstream art and politics B) experienced intense government hostility. C) found broad acceptance among both the working class and intellectuals D) All these answers are correct. E) saw a widening of the ideological range of mainstream art and politics.
A
During the 1930s, the most important group within the Popular Front was A) the Communist Party B) the Progressive Party C) the Socialist Party D) Americans for Democratic Action E) the Federation of Labor
C
During the 1937 sit-down strike of General Motors, the federal government A) assumed control of the plant B) actively sided with the company C) refused to intervene in the dispute. D) negotiated a settlement through federal arbitration E) actively sided with the strikers
C
During the Great Depression, A) the birth rate increased B) both the marriage rate and the birth rate increased C) the divorce rate declined D) the marriage rae increased E) all these answeres are correct
D
During the Great Depression, Asian Americans A) were generally able, unlike African Americans, to keep from losing their jobs to white Americans B) found it easier to move into mainstream professions. C) were limited by law to low-paying jobs such as salesclerks and food servers. D) had trouble competing for jobs with poor white migrants from the Midwest. E) who were college educated generally weathered the crisis fairly well
C
During the Harding administration, the Teapot Dome scandal involved A) political blackmail B) graft in federal construction contracts C) transfers of national oil reserves D) the secret sale of armaments to Nicaragua E) the illegal sale of timber rights
C
During the Red Scare of 1919, Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer A) oversaw the deportation of 6,000 people. B) founded the Federal Bureau of Investigation C) ordered several unconstitutional raids on known radical organizations D) argued for moderation and a cooling-off period. E) argued for moderation and a cooling-off period, but at the same time oversaw the deportation of 6,000 people
E
During the first year of the National Recovery Administration, A) All these answers are correct B) both of these occurred: industry saw prices decline, and industrial production rose C) industry saw prices decline. D) industrial production rose. E) large producers consistently dominated the code-writing process
A
Frances Perkins, the first female cabinet member in American history, was secretary of A) labor. B) agriculture. C) health and human services. D) education. E) commerce.
E
Franklin Roosevelt's victory over Herbert Hoover in 1932 A) all these answers are correct B) was decided in the final days of the election C) was disputed in several states D) saw Roosevelt carry every state E) was a convincing mandate
E
In 1914, the "Triple Entente" consisted of A) Italy, France, and Russia B) Germany, Italy, and Japan C) Germany, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and Italy D) Great Britain, France, and the United States. E) Great Britain, France, and Russia.
B
In 1914, when war erupted in Europe, President Woodrow Wilson A) held secret diplomatic meetings with Great Britain B) called on the American public to be completely impartial C) expressed sympathy for Germany D) brokered separate peace treaties with both sides of the conflict.
D
In 1932, Franklin Roosevelt's promise of a "new deal" for America included a commitment to A) spending billions of dollars to assist in economic recovery B) passing legislation establishing a nationwide program of social security C) providing relief jobs to millions of unemployed Americans D) None of these answers is correct E) both spending billions of dollars to assist in economic recovery, and providing relief jobs to millions of unemployed Americans.
B
In 1932, the Reconstruction Finance Corporation A) focused most of its spending on large urban cities in the Northeast B) lent funds only to financial institutions with sufficient collateral C) was created by Congress over President Herbert Hoover's veto D) was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court E) spent most of its money trying to prop up unstable local banks
C
In 1933, two days after he took office, President Franklin Roosevelt A) presented to Congress a relief plan for the unemployed. B) ended prohibition. C) closed all banks for a short period D) sent the National Industrial Recovery Act to Congress E) took the country off the gold standard
B
In 1934, Dr. Francis Townsend attracted widespread national support for a plan that A) was strongly supported by Congress B) helped pave the way for the Social Security system C) guaranteed all able-bodied Americans over age 21 a full-time job. D) offered medical insurance for the poor and elderly E) provided below-cost health care to children and pregnant women.
A
In 1934, strong criticism of the New Deal came from A) All these answers are correct B) broadcasters on the radio C) the political far left D) the political far right E) dissident populists such as Huey Long
B
In 1934, the American Liberty League was formed A) to help win public support for the more controversial New Deal programs B) by wealthy conservatives who strongly opposed the New Deal. C) to unite southerners who opposed the New Deal's support of unions. D) by a coalition of radical and semi-radical organizations, including the Socialist Party. E) by western business leaders who felt ignored by the New Deal.
D
In 1935, Senator Huey Long A) declared he would seek the Democratic nomination for president in 1936. B) had as much popular support as Franklin Roosevelt, according to opinion polls. C) advocated a $200 monthly pension for all Americans over the age of 60 D) had proposed a national wealth-sharing plan that involved heavily taxing the wealthiest Americans E) advocated a "flat tax" plan.
D
In 1937, President Franklin Roosevelt decided A) that there should be a sharp increase in New Deal spending. B) that Social Security should be expanded to include agricultural and domestic laborers. C) the federal work programs would have to be continued indefinitely D) that he should try to balance the federal budget. E) the federal government would never be able to end the Depression.
B
In 1937, President Franklin Roosevelt's call to expand the Supreme Court came from A) his opinion that the Court needed to review a larger number of cases. B) his desire to change the ideological balance of the Court. C) a desire not to have to choose between two different popular candidates for chief justice D) a Democratic plan to gain permanent control of the federal government. E) complaints by several justices that they were being overworked
D
In 1937, regarding the organizing of industrial labor, A) the effort to organize the steel industry proved easier than organizing in the auto industry. B) the "Memorial Day Massacre" saw striking U.S. Steel employees killed by police. C) small steel companies more quickly unionized than did large steel companies D) the majority of strikes were settled in favor of the unions E) a key strike against Republic Steel of Chicago succeeded in winning union recognition.
E
In response to the Great Depression, many Mexican Americans A) migrated to the South B) moved to California C) successfully organized agricultural unions D) migrated into rural areas, where work was more available E) left the United States entirely
D
In the 1920s, Secretary of the Treasury Andrew Mellon succeeded in A) dramatically trimming the federal budget. B) both eliminating half of the federal debt and dramatically trimming the federal budget C) cutting taxes on corporate profits and personal incomes D) All these answers are correct E) eliminating half of the WWI debt
E
In the 1920s, the "flapper" lifestyle A) was largely rejected by upper-class women. B) was largely reserved for upper-class women. C) was simply a clothing fad D) was applauded by most progressive suffragists E) had a particular impact on urban lower-middle-class and working-class
A
In the 1930s, Dale Carnegie's How to Win Friends and Influence People A) taught that individual initiative could help people to restore themselves financially B) gave financial advice and offered tips for going to a job interview C) claimed community togetherness was the best way to combat hard times D) argued the best way to end the Depression was to have working-class men and women run for office. E) asserted that a strong faith in Christianity would best help one through hard times.
D
In the 1930s, the largest Japanese American and Chinese American populations were found in A) Arizona B) Oregon C) Hawaii D) California E) Washington
A
In the 1931 Scottsboro court case, A) black teenagers were accused of rape by two white women B) a Georgia jury convicted all of the black youths. C) the Supreme Court reaffirmed the death penalty convictions D) All these answers are correct E) eight of the convicted youths were executed for crimes they did not commit.
D
In the American West, New Deal programs A) led to a change in existing racial relations B) focused on the few large cities. C) were limited and had a minimal impact on life. D) disproportionately benefited the region, with more funding than any other part of the country. E) drew considerable opposition for their environmentalist bias.
A
In the early twentieth century, the United States' actions toward Mexico included A) All these answers are correct B) sending an American expeditionary force across the border into Mexico C) a refusal to formally recognize the Huerta government. D) both encouraging an overthrow of the Madero government and refusing to formally recognize the Huerta government E) encouraging an overthrow of the Madero government.
E
In the election of 1924, among the political parties, A) the Progressive Party was seriously divided B) both the Democratic Party and the Progressive Party were seriously divided C) None of these answers is correct D) the Republican Party was seriously divided E) the Democratic Party was seriously divided
D
In the late 1920s, the European demand for agricultural and manufacturing goods from the United States was A) steady B) essentially nonexistent C) chronically unstable D) declining E) rising
C
Much of Father Charles Coughlin's outspoken criticism of the Roosevelt administration revolved around the issue of A) the repeal of prohibition B) changing the banking and currency system C) taxing excess corporate profits and surplus riches D) giving public relief jobs to women with children E) the right of labor to organize in unions.
E
New Deal policy toward Native Americans, as led by John Collier, A) led to a considerable decrease in tribal lands. B) favored Indian assimilation into the larger white culture. C) encouraged Indians to own land as individuals, rather than collectively. D) continued past government policies E) was grounded in a commitment to cultural independence
C
President Franklin Roosevelt's proposal to expand the Supreme Court A) gained Roosevelt the support of southern Democrats. B) drew significant support from conservatives C) was eventually defeated in Congress. D) had little effect on future rulings by the Court. E) did little political damage to his administration
C
President Herbert Hoover responded to the onset of the Great Depression by A) shutting down the bank system until confidence in it could be restored. B) proposing a series of economic reform programs. C) Urging a program of voluntary cooperation from business leaders D) calling for a tax increase to prevent a federal deficit E) calling for a system of social security to alleviate individual suffering.
D
President Woodrow Wilson's "Fourteen Points" included A) the division of postwar Germany into two countries B) a ban on the production of armaments C) recognition of independence for all imperial colonies D) the right of self-determination. E) an international agreement to "outlaw war."
C
President Woodrow Wilson's request to Congress for a declaration of war A) came before Germany took any military action against the United States B) was nearly voted down in the Senate C) called on the United States' responsibility to help secure a future of peace, justice, and self-governance D) was supported by Republicans but opposed by most in Wilson's own party E) was passed without a dissenting vote
T
T//F Although Wilson came up with the idea of a League of Nations and pushed for it at the Paris Peace Conference, the U.S. never officially joined the organization.
T
T//F At the end of the 1930s, a higher percentage of black women were employed than were white women.
T
T//F Between 1914 and 1916, the United States gradually transformed itself from a neutral country into an arsenal of the Allies.
F
T//F Both Warren Harding and Calvin Coolidge failed to serve out their presidential terms
T
T//F Both Warren Harding and Calvin Coolidge took essentially passive approaches to the presidency
F
T//F Both the Agricultural Marketing Act and the Hawley-Smoot Tariff provided significant help to American farmers.
F
T//F By 1936, the black vote had become evenly split between Republicans and Democrats.
T
T//F Champions of parity for farmers urged high tariffs against foreign agricultural competition
T
T//F During his first term, President Roosevelt preferred work relief programs to those that simply provided cash assistance
T
T//F During the 1920s, union membership fell from over 5 million to under 3 million
F
T//F During the 1930s, the smaller steel companies were more willing to accommodate unions than were the large steel companies.
T
T//F Farm income declined by 60 percent between 1929 and 1932.
F
T//F Flappers would best be associated with the rural, religious fundamentalism of the 1920s.
F
T//F Following the "great crash," the Federal Reserve system lowered interest rates in an effort to revive the American economy
T
T//F Franklin Roosevelt won in a landslide in 1932, but it was not clear what he would do as president.
F
T//F Herbert Hoover was Secretary of the Treasury under Harding and Coolidge.
T
T//F In the 1920s, as agriculture brought millions of acres of new land under cultivation, three million people left the farm sector
T
T//F In the year prior to its crash, the stock market had been soaring upward
T
T//F Largely as a result of the New Deal, the Democratic Party grew massively in size and power.
T
T//F Much of Franklin Roosevelt's early success as president was a result of his personality.
F
T//F One of the most important social changes of the war years was the migration of hundreds of thousands of African Americans from the rural South to California to work in defense plants and shipyards. This became known as the "Great Migration."
F
T//F Passage of the Nineteenth Amendment, granting women the right to vote, marked the beginning of a new era of progressive reform.
T
T//F President Hoover did attempt to use federal spending to fight the Great Depression
F
T//F President Taft's "Dollar Diplomacy" brought stability to Latin America.
F
T//F President Wilson's "Fourteen Points" did not at first include a call for a League of Nations.
F
T//F Prior to 1932, Franklin Roosevelt had never held elective office.
T
T//F Roosevelt's Court-packing plan came to be considered unnecessary by Congress once the Supreme Court began supporting New Deal legislation.
F
T//F The Agricultural Adjustment Act did not bring about a rise in farm prices in the years immediately following its passage in 1933.
T
T//F The Congress of Industrial Organizations was more receptive to women and blacks than the American Federation of Labor had been.
F
T//F The National Industrial Recovery Act sought to tighten antitrust provisions and make important concessions to labor.
F
T//F The New Deal incorporated the ideas of racial equality as well as economic recovery.
T
T//F The New Deal was instrumental in maintaining government stability in a time of increasing global crisis.
T
T//F The Social Security Act was part of what has been called the Second New Deal.
T
T//F The Supreme Court declared both the National Industrial Recovery Act and the Agricultural Adjustment Act to be unconstitutional.
F
T//F The presidential election of 1920 showed that America wanted to take its place as a world leader and continue Wilson's vision of international cooperation.
T
T//F The sit-down strike was an effective way to prevent companies from using strikebreakers
F
T//F The staple of radio broadcasting during the 1930s was news
F
T//F The wild acclaim given by the European public to President Wilson allowed him to dominate the terms of the Paris Peace Conference.
T
T//F Those blacks who migrated to northern cities during the Great Depression found conditions little better than in the South.
F
T//F Under the National Industrial Recovery Act, the code writing was to be done by Congress
F
T//F When the United States entered World War I, Germany was near defeat.
A
The 1930s films of director Frank Capra typically displayed A) a populist admiration for ordinary Americans B) praise for the "rugged individualism" of American business C) the grasping materialism of most Americans D) the cultural backwardness of small towns in America E) a harsh critique of the heartlessness of capitalism
A
The Abraham Lincoln Brigade is associated with A) the Spanish Civil War B) veterans of World War I C) the Civilian Conservation Corps D) the radical right E) the "bonus marchers."
D
The Agricultural Adjustment Act A) protected tenant farmers B) failed to improve farm prices C) favored small farm operations over large ones. D) was declared unconstitutional in large part by the Supreme Court. E) fostered further instability in the agricultural economy
E
The Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933 A) set minimum prices for retailers purchasing farm products B) offered financial incentives to farmers who improved their production yields C) provided farmers with free seed and fertilizer. D) created government warehouses where farmers could store their crops and use them as collateral E) sought to raise crop prices by paying farmers not to plant
D
The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 A) sought to eliminate hiring discrimination based on race, but not on gender. B) did not include a provision regarding working hours. C) signaled the start of a new round of New Deal legislation. D) established a national minimum wage. E) created an enforcement mechanism to protect unions' right to organize.
A
The Glass-Steagall Act of 1933 established A) the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation B) both the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and the Securities and Exchange Commission C) None of these answers is correct D) the Securities and Exchange Commission E) the Federal Reserve Board in Washington
E
The Hawley-Smoot Tariff of 1930 A) increased tariffs on industrial products, but left farm products' rates unchanged B) was designed to stimulate U.S. exports C) gave incentives to Europeans to sell their goods in the United States D) both gave incentives to Europeans to sell their goods in the U.S., and was designed to stimulate U.S. exports E) None of these answers is correct.
B
The Hoover administration addressed the economic situation of American farmers with the A) Agricultural Adjustment Act B) Agricultural Marketing Act C) Rural Electrification Administration D) Soil Conservation Act E) Farm Security Administration
C
The National Labor Relations Act of 1935 A) invalidated Section 7(a) of the National Industrial Recovery Act B) ended the labor practice of a "closed shop." C) gave government the authority to force employers to recognize and bargain with legitimate unions D) resulted in the Supreme Court's striking down of the Wagner Act E) enforced the labor practice of an "open shop."
C
The National Recovery Administration of 1933 did all of the following EXCEPT A) set price and wage floors for most major industries. B) make child industrial labor illegal C) increase competition between companies D) set a standard for the maximum hours one could work in a week E) establish a minimum wage for labor
B
The Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) A) was created in the first year of Herbert Hoover's administration B) included a $1.5 billion public works budget, and was created to provide federal loans to troubled banks and businesses. C) All these answers are correct. D) was created to provide federal loans to troubled banks and businesses E) included a $1.5 billion public works budget
E
The Scopes trial of 1925 was a legal battle concerning the conflict between A) blacks and whites B) nativists and immigrants C) U.S. Steel and the Amalgamated Steelworkers' Union D) urban and rural society E) creationism and evolution
D
The Sedition Act of 1918 A) was most frequently directed at German Americans. B) were rarely if ever enforced by the Wilson administration C) eliminated jury trials for anyone charged under these law D) made illegal any public expression opposing the war E) was created after the Supreme Court invalidated the Espionage Act of 1917
E
The Works Progress Administration of 1935 A) gave federal relief money to those deemed "unemployable." B) provided mostly "make-work" jobs to the unemployed C) displayed very little flexibility or imagination D) was under the direction of Secretary of Labor Frances Perkins. E) was much larger than previous programs of its kind.
E
The Works Progress Administration provided federal assistance to A) animal trainers and veterinarians. B) grooms and jockeys. C) artists and sculptors D) writers and musicians E) artists, sculptors, writers, and musicians.
D
The election of 1936 A) saw the Republican challenger pick up considerable gains in the formerly "Solid South." B) saw Franklin Roosevelt opposed by the Republican, William Lemke. C) was considered "too close to call" by opinion polls in the weeks prior to the vote. D) produced a new and enduring coalition of voters for the Democratic Party E) saw third-party challengers play a major role in the outcome.
C
The federal government's response to the "Bonus Army" included A) the use of six tanks to rout the veterans from Washington B) the injuring of over 100 marchers. C) both the use of six tanks to rout the veterans from Washington, and the injuring of over 100 marchers D) All these answers are correct. E) General Jack Pershing exceeding his orders to remove the veterans
A
The immediate spark for hostilities in Europe in 1914 was A) the assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand B) the German invasion of Poland. C) a struggle between European powers for control of the international diamond trade. D) the death of Otto von Bismarck in Germany E) the sinking of the British passenger liner Lusitania
D
The long-time censor of Hollywood films in the 1920s and 1930s was A) King Vidor B) James Agee C) Frank Capra D) Wil Hayes E) Pare Lorentz
B
The most prominent exponent of black nationalism following World War I was A) Malcolm X B) Marcus Garvey. C) Claude McKay D) W. E. B. Du Bois E) Booker T. Washington
C
The severity of the Depression increased in 1931 when the Federal Reserve Board A) closed all financially-ailing banks B) expanded the money supply C) raised interest rates D) weakened the value of the dollar E) declared bankruptcy
A
Throughout the 1920s, the performance of the U.S. economy A) saw nearly uninterrupted prosperity coupled with severe inequalities B) saw per capita income flatten while manufacturing output soared C) saw ten straight years of continuous growth D) struggled with a persistently high rate of inflation E) experienced a severe recession in 1923 that lasted two years
C
To Herbert Hoover, "associationalism" meant A) businesses being run by a governing board of management and labor representatives B) Congress and the president working together on economic legislation C) the creation of national organizations of businessmen in particular industries D) the formation of federal boards to oversee various aspects of industry E) states and the federal government working together to restrain business
B
To oversee activities in the stock market, in 1934 Congress established the A) Federal Emergency Relief Association B) Securities and Exchange Commission. C) Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation D) Glass-Steagall Act E) Federal Reserve Board
D
Under the New Deal, African Americans A) found the government hostile to black aspirations B) were able to challenge many patterns of race discrimination effectively C) were generally treated equally with other races D) received more sympathy than under most previous administrations E) received no significant appointments in the Roosevelt White House
B
Warren Harding and Calvin Coolidge were similar in A) ethics B) their passive approach to the presidency. C) both their personalities and their passive approach to the presidency D) None of these answers is correct E) their personalities
B
Which of the New Deal agency is correctly identified by category? A) Federal Emergency Banking Relief Act - relief B) Securities and Exchange Commission -reform C) Agricultural Adjustment Act - relief D) Federal Emergency Relief Administration - recovery E) Civilian Conservation Corps - reform
C
Which of the following is NOT true of the "whispering campaign"? A) FDR was accused of being psychologically unfit B) it attempted to discredit FDR C) it was started by followers of Huey Long D) FDR did not let it stop him from continuing to press for his New Deal E) it accused the president of being a drug addict
D
In 1919, American labor unrest saw A) the public generally support unions. B) Governor Calvin Coolidge attract national acclaim for his support of labor. C) a major steel strike resolved in favor of the workers D) a general strike in Seattle that brought the city to a standstill E) All these answers are correct
F
T//F The Red Scare was primarily the result of anti-radical actions by various state governments.
T
T//F The Scopes trial of 1925 resulted in a guilty verdict, but it also put fundamentalists on the defensive
F
T//F The War Industries Board, which coordinated government purchases of military supplies, was headed by Herbert Hoover.
T
T//F The Zimmermann telegram proposed an alliance between Mexico and Germany against the United States.
T
T//F The majority of married women who worked outside the home in the 1920s were working class
F
T//F Modernism in art attempted to replicate objects with photographic precision
C
The 1904 "Roosevelt Corollary" A) was invalidated by the Supreme Court during the Wilson administration B) stated that neighboring countries had to adhere to U.S. policy in times of war C) stated that the U.S. had a right to intervene in the affairs of neighboring countries D) was created as a result of a military crisis in Cuba. E) stated that England and England alone was exempted from the Monroe Doctrine
E
The Selective Service Act in the United States A) gave the government, for the first time, the authority to draft citizens for military duty B) drafted far fewer men than those who volunteered for military duty C) was enacted during the last months of World War I. D) brought nearly 300,000 men into the army E) was supported by President Woodrow Wilson
A
The election of 1920 saw A) voters turn away from idealism and toward "normalcy." B) Franklin D. Roosevelt serve as vice president on the Republican ticket C) Republicans maintain their two decades of control of the White House D) Warren G. Harding narrowly defeat Al Smith E) the Democratic Party distance itself from the politics of Woodrow Wilson
A
Prior to 1932, Franklin Roosevelt had been all of the following EXCEPT A) vice president of the United States B) governor of New York C) assistant secretary of the navy D) a state legislator E) a Hudson Valley aristocrat
A
During the 1920s, the agricultural economy of the United States saw A) a sharp decline in farmers' incomes B) a large decrease in the area of cultivated land C) farmers oppose using hybrid plants and chemical fertilizers D) demand for farm goods rise faster than production E) the need for a larger labor supply
A
During the 1920s, wages for American workers A) generally rose at a rate far below increases in production and profits B) rose most quickly for unskilled workers C) generally enabled a working-class family to thrive on a single income D) equaled or exceeded the rate of production growth E) generally decreased as the labor market became tighter
D
During the 1930s, American literature A) faced censorship laws that suppressed criticisms of American politics and culture. B) saw photographic magazines lose much of their readership due to the high cost of each issue C) saw most popular books and magazines focus on the Great Depression D) offered a greater degree of social commentary than did either radio or movies E) adopted a more pessimistic, although no less radical, approach to society in the later 1930s
C
In 1919, the Big Four included all of the following figures at the Paris Peace Conference EXCEPT A) David Lloyd George of Great Britain B) Vittorio Orlando of Italy C) Alexander Kerensky of Russia. D) Woodrow Wilson of the United States E) Georges Clemenceau of France.
A
In 1919, the Red Scare in the United States A) was partly motivated by a series of bombings. B) led to government raids that uncovered large caches of weapons C) was generally opposed by universities and other academic institutions. D) saw more than 6,000 people deported from the country. E) saw the arrest of several major government figures
D
In 1920, Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti A) were sentenced to death B) were convicted of murder C) drew widespread support from the public before their execution D) All these answers are correct E) both admitted they were anarchists
B
In 1920, passage of the Nineteenth Amendment A) outlawed the production, sale, and consumption of alcohol. B) gave women the right to vote C) required the direct election of senators D) disallowed Woodrow Wilson from running for a third term E) marked the beginning of a new era in progressive reform.
E
In 1932, the Farmers' Holiday Association A) argued that farmers should also reap the benefits of welfare capitalism B) led to more public money being sent to rural areas C) began and spread throughout the South D) called on farmers to leave their lands unplanted E) was essentially a farmers' strike
E
In March 1917, the United States moved closer to entering the Great War after A) the Bolsheviks came to power in Russia. B) a German offensive threatened to capture Moscow C) Mexico agreed to a military alliance with Germany D) Russia asked the Allies to call for an armistice. E) German U-boats torpedoed three American ships
C
In his 1925 novel, The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald A) ridiculed the hypocritical behavior of some in evangelical religion B) glorified wealthy Americans as examples of the "success ethic." C) criticized the American obsession with material wealth D) satirized the inequalities in American politics E) dramatized the plight of Midwestern farmers
A
In order to secure control of the Panama Canal zone, the United States A) assisted a revolution in Panama. B) carried out the overthrow of the president of Panama. C) surrounded the canal site with a "Great White Fleet." D) purchased the land for the canal from Colombia E) organized a trade embargo against Colombia
B
In the 1920s, "welfare capitalism" A) required corporations to provide some relief for unemployed workers B) was a paternalistic approach used by corporate leaders on their workers C) encouraged employees to form single-industry labor unions D) gave workers a measure of control over their industry. E) forced workers to donate much of their salaries to the less fortunate
A
In the 1920s, artists and intellectuals of the Harlem Renaissance A) drew heavily from their African heritage B) None of these answers is correct C) sought to inspire civil disobedience to further racial justice D) both drew heavily from their African heritage and included writers Edna Ferber and Ezra Pound E) included writers Edna Ferber and Ezra Pound
B
In the 1920s, the "wet's" and dry's referred to the conflict over A) political isolationism B) the prohibition of alcohol C) female suffrage D) laws to restrict child labor E) the Equal Rights Amendment for women
A
In the 1920s, the idea of agricultural "parity" was A) to ensure farmers would at least financially break even B) invalidated by the passage of the McNary-Haugen Bill C) to equalize the average farmer income with the average industrial worker income D) to match crop production with demand E) strongly opposed by Congress
E
In the United States during World War I, the Committee on Public Information (CPI) A) established strict rules of censorship for journalists reporting on the war. B) was led by a panel of American military officers C) criticized the federal government's reporting of the war D) became a haven for pacifists and conscientious objectors E) held a contest for a citizen to write an American's Creed
D
In the workplace, the "open shop" meant A) skilled workers were required to join a craft union B) workers had no right to join a union C) labor unions had the right to organize that particular industry D) no worker was required to join a union E) workers would be allowed to come and go as they pleased
A
Prior to the United States' construction of the Panama Canal, A) the French had tried but failed to build a canal at the same site. B) the British had failed to build a canal across Costa Rica. C) the United States had failed to build a canal across Nicaragua D) no country had attempted to build a canal connecting the Atlantic with the Pacific E) the Germans had failed to build a canal at the same site
D
The so-called "Zimmermann telegram" A) was intercepted by agents working for the United States B) helped weaken public support in the United States for war C) revealed that Germans were attempting to foment a race riot in the American Sout D) included a proposal for the return of the American Southwest to Mexico E) revealed plans by Germany to expand the use of its submarine fleet.
C
As president, Warren Harding A) saw his administration end with his defeat in a bid for reelection in 1924 B) had no sense of his own intellectual limits C) was unable to abandon the party hacks who had brought him to success D) proposed the United States join the League of Nations E) sought a revival of progressive reform.
E
As secretary of commerce, Herbert Hoover considered himself A) a believer in passive government B) an internationalist in the tradition of Woodrow Wilson C) an enemy of wealth and privilege D) a paragon of conservative America t E) a champion of business cooperation
B
During World War I, extensive systems of trenches were used by both sides A) both because the destructive power of weapons meant soldiers could not live in the open field, and because trenches prevented tanks from reaching the soldiers' positions B) because newly improved weaponry made conventional field battles too destructive. C) None of these answers is correct. D) because trenches prevented tanks from reaching the soldiers' positions E) because soldiers were safer from poisonous mustard gas closer to the ground.
E
During World War I, the War Industries Board (WIB) A) saw itself as an adversary of individual businesses. B) was plagued by mismanagement and inefficiencies under Bernard Baruc C) All these answers are correct D) was seen as a model for rational organization when led by Herbert Hoover E) coordinated government purchases of military supplies
C
During World War I, the new technologies of warfare A) were largely responsible for the appalling level of casualties. B) allowed the attack of the enemy without direct combat C) All these answers are correct D) created logistical supply problems, which slowed many offensives. E) both created logistical problems, which slowed many offensives, and allowed the attack of the enemy without direct combat
A
During the 1920s, Thomas Hunt Morgan was one of the American pioneers in A) genetic research B) automation C) analog coroboticsmputers D) relativistic physics E) robotics
E
During the 1920s, all of the following immigrant groups were increasing their presence in the labor force in the West and Southwest EXCEPT the A) Japanese B) Mexicans C) Issei D) Filipinos E) Chinese
C
During the 1920s, most American industrial workers experienced all of the following EXCEPT A) a small rise in wages B) income levels at the "minimum comfort level." C) many opportunities to join a union D) little control over their economic fate E) employers trying to keep their labor costs low.
A
During the 1920s, the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters A) was one of the few unions led by African Americans B) organized against sleeping car manufacturer A. Philip Randolph. C) was one of the few unions led by African Americans, and it was formed by the American Federation of Labor. D) was formed by the American Federation of Labor E) none of these is correct
D
In 1918, President Wilson's "Fourteen Points" received significant political support from A) the United States Senate B) both the British and French governments C) the French government D) None of these answers is correct E) the British government
B
In 1920, the first commercial radio station to broadcast in the United States was in A) Chicago B) Pittsburgh C) Philadelphia D) New York City E) Cleveland
E
Regarding the Treaty of Versailles, the United States Senate decided in 1919 to A) ratify it without change B) ratify it with the change that the United States would not join the League of Nations. C) ratify it only after Article X was struck from the treaty. D) ratify it after Democrats accepted the Republican "reservations." E) not ratify it
F
T//F H. L. Mencken, Sinclair Lewis, and F. Scott Fitzgerald are all examples of writers who promoted a return of the progressive reform spirit in American society
T
T//F High tariffs and low taxes were aspects of the Republican Formula to create an expanding economy in the 1920s.
T
T//F In early 1915, virtually the entire European continent was at war after the assassination of an Austrian archduke provided the spark to hostilities on the continent.
T
T//F In his dealings with Mexico, President Wilson often ignored Mexican sovereignty.
F
T//F In order to ease economic problems in Europe, the U.S. government reduced Europe's debts to America stemming from World War I.
F
T//F Prohibition did not allow for any exceptions in the sale or consumption of alcohol
T
T//F The American response to the war in Europe was to accept the British blockade of Germany and continue trading with Great Britain.
F
T//F The Harlem Renaissance refers to a group of African American actors in the silent films of the 1920s.
C
The "Dust Bowl" in the 1930s A) stretched from Kansas to California B) was created by the national economic collapse C) was a product of changing environmental conditions D) experienced years of heavy rainfal E) was created by grasshoppers
B
The National Origins Act of 1924 A) set a rigid limit of 150,000 immigrants a year B) entirely banned immigration from East Asia to the United States C) included a quota system for the first time D) was designed to alter the sources but not the overall number of immigrants E) discriminated against northwestern Europeans
