Module 9: Classical Conditioning
Systematic desensitization is based upon the principles of:
classical conditioning.
Paul's mother buys him a sailor's cap before they go on a family fishing trip. On the boat, Paul gets nauseated and throws up. The next day he gets nauseated when he sees his sailor's cap. The cap has become a(n):
conditioned stimulus.
Professor Marsh argues that classical conditioning occurs because two stimuli are paired closely together in time. Professor Marsh supports the ________ of classical conditioning.
contiguity theory
Dr. Bell sounds a chime during a laboratory experiment. A dog named Cleo does not react. Based on this information, you conclude the chime is a(n) ________ stimulus.
neutral
The Law of Effect is important in:
operant conditioning.
Roy's knee jerks the first time a psychologist taps it with a small hammer during an experiment. The knee jerk is a(n):
unconditioned response.
The first time Mindy placed a piece of meat in her pet poodle's mouth, the poodle salivated. The poodle's salivation is a(n):
unconditioned response.
In the example of aftershave triggering anxiety, the anxiety is the NS.
False
Learning is defined by a relatively permanent change in behavior that results from maturation.
False
Rats acquire taste-aversion easily when visual stimuli are used.
False
The UCS and CS are usually similar.
False
When the CS no longer elicits the CR, spontaneous recovery occurs.
False
Classical conditioning was discovered by:
Ivan Pavlov.
Animals are more likely to associate some stimuli more easily than others; this is called preparedness.
True
If you start getting anxious when thinking about a flu shot, you are experiencing a conditioned emotional response.
True
In Little Albert's case, the rat was the NS.
True
The UCS triggers the UCR.
True
The last step in systematic desensitization is to imagine a stressful situation while remaining relaxed.
True
Learning can be best defined as:
a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge resulting from experience.
If Pavlov's dogs only salivated to a middle pitch bell, but not to a high pitch bell, then this suggests ________ has taken place.
discrimination
In Pavlov's study, the unconditioned stimulus was:
food
contiguity theory
generalization
Baby Alice is playing with a white bunny rabbit when a loud noise suddenly startles her, and she begins to cry. Alice is later given a white cat to play with and begins crying again. Her reaction to the white cat illustrates:
generalization.
Spontaneous recovery is defined as the:
reappearance of a conditioned response.
In Pavlov's study, the conditioned response was:
salivation