Mortality Rates

Order of reading EKG

1. Rate 2. Rhythm 3. Axis 4. Hypertrophy 5. Infarction

Difference between case control and retrospective cohort

As per a post on USMLEforum Case control is commonly a retrospective study but not same as retrospective cohort study. The difference between the two is : in case control investigator splits individuals by disease status whereas in retrospective cohort, investigator splits study individuals by their exposure status. First one can provide odds ratio, which is the odds of disease among exposed individuals divided by the odds of disease among unexposed. Whereas the later provides relative risk, which is a degree of risk/probability of disease occurrence due to exposure compared to non-exposure.

Fetal death rate

Fetal death rate — The fetal death rate is the number of fetal deaths ≥20 weeks gestation that occur during a year divided by the sum of live births plus fetal deaths during the same year, and expressed per 1000 live births plus fetal deaths. (Number of fetal deaths per 1,000 live births plus fetal deaths: (Number of fetal deaths / Live births + fetal deaths) * 1,000)

Perinatal mortality ratio

Fetal deaths plus neonatal deaths per 1,000 live births: (Fetal deaths + neonatal deaths / Number of live births) * 1,000

Infant Mortality Rate

Infant death is defined as a live birth that results in death within the first year of life (<365 days). The infant mortality rate (IMR) is the number of infant deaths less than one year of age (0 to 365 days of life) during a year, divided by the number of live births reported during the same year, expressed per 1000 live births.

Case Fatality Rate

Number of deaths ascribed to a specific disease or condition per 1,000 reported cases of thesame disease or condition: (Number of Deaths from a specified cause / Number in cases in the specified disease) * 1,000

Cause specific death rate

Number of deaths due to a specific cause per 100,000 population: (Number of deaths from a specified cause / Estimated midyear population) * 100,000

Crude death rate

Number of deaths per 1,000 population: (Number of deaths / Estimated midyear population) * 1,000

Age specific rate

Number of events occurring to a specified age group per 1,000 population of the specified age group: (Number of Events / Number in age group) * 1,000

Fetal Death Ratio

Number of fetal deaths per 1,000 live births: (Number of fetal deaths / Number of live births) * 1,000

Crude birth rate

Number of live births per 1,000 population: (Number of live births / Estimated midyear Population) * 1,000

Neonatal Mortality Rate

The neonatal mortality rate (NMR) is the number of neonatal deaths during a year, divided by the number of live births during the same year, expressed per 1000 live births. (Neonatal death is defined as an infant death before 28 days of age. Early neonatal deaths occur within the first seven days of birth, and late neonatal deaths occur between 8 and 27 days of age.)