MTTC Ch. 1-7 Section #1. ELA
Which statement correctly compares the function of Broca's area and Wernicke's area? Broca's area is involved with universal grammar and Wernicke's area with acquisition. Broca's area is involved with understanding and Wernicke's area with production. Broca's area is involved with distinguishing phonemes and Wernicke's area with universal grammar. Broca's area is involved with production and Wernicke's area with understanding. Broca's area is involved with acquisition and Wernicke's area with distinguishing phonemes.
Broca's area is involved with production and Wernicke's area with understanding.
Which of the following should be present in a classroom library? Books of various genres, levels, and topics Labeled book bins All of the above Pillows and bean bag chairs
All of the above
Why should student work be displayed on the walls? Provides motivation for students to do their best work Provides visual examples of good work Creates a sense of pride for the students All of the above
All of the above
What are literacy skills? Ways students interact with adults Reasoning skills necessary to solve problems The ability to speak several languages Knowledge and practices related to reading and writing
Knowledge and practices related to reading and writing
Which of the following is an argument against Noam Chomsky's theory of universal language? Children may not begin to use complex sentences until 25 months or older. Researchers have found many grammatical features shared across different languages. Scientists have found that children go through five stages in language acquisition. Babies are able to tell the difference between Hindi sounds that are not found in English. The Pirahã people speak a language that doesn't follow usual language rules.
The Pirahã people speak a language that doesn't follow usual language rules.
Which of the following would be considered an example of language according to principle of combinability? A door bell ringing when pressed Your car's 'check engine' light flashing The content of a text message Your phone beeping when you have a new call Your alarm clock blaring in the morning
The content of a text message
What area of the classroom is often overlooked as useful space for displaying important information? The desks The shelves The walls The tables
The walls
Which of the following BEST explains why the alarm calls made by vervet monkeys should not be considered language? Grammar concentrates mainly on the use of morphemes added to words Grammar allows us to distinguish between what is language and what is not Grammar is a system of rules you learn in English class Grammar is not essential to language and is only present in certain ones Grammar enables complexity of meaning in language
They can't be combined to produce additional meanings
. A child who spells based on sound alone is likely in the _____ stage of spelling development. Phonetic Semi-phonetic Pre-communicative Correct spelling Transitional
a
A student is reading a passage and doesn't remember to pause at periods and instead continues into the new sentence without any change of pace or tone. What area is a struggle for this student, based on this description? Prosody Accuracy Vocabulary Speed
a
Between 1 and 2 years old what skills do most children gain? All of the answers are correct Can use most vowels Can ask questions by raising intonation at the end of sentences Vocabulary expands to be considered roughly 65% intelligible
a
By what age can most children be considered fully intelligible? 4-5 years 1 year 2-3 years 6 months
a
By what age will most children have acquired the ability to speak their first word? 1 year old 1 month old 1 day old 6 months old
a
How does adding an activity to reading help a student increase her or his reading rate? It makes reading fun. It allows a student the chance to rest her or his eyes after reading. It forces a student to think about reading in a different way. It distracts a student from reading.
a
How does frequency help with increasing reading rate? It helps the reader become more fluent. It forces a reader to read slowly at first. It encourages awareness. It helps a reader focus solely on pronunciation.
a
Print awareness is the: Ability to understand that the printed text conveys context Ability to sight read Same as phonemic awareness Ability to memorize written text Ability to sound out words
a
What concept might be taught well through a word sort? How to distinguish between the ''t'' sound and the ''d'' sound How to remember sight words How to decode consonant blends How to spell polysyllabic words
a
What do students first need to understand for success with the alphabetic principle? phonemes letters phonics vocabulary
a
What is oral language? Using and understanding verbal communication Written and verbal communication using sophisticated vocabulary Using and understanding written communication Using and understanding body movements and facial expressions as a method of communication
a
What is phonology? The systematic organization of sounds into language The study of telephones Having proper grammar and spelling Being able to produce sounds
a
What is prosody in reading? the combination of expression and fluency another word for comprehension the level of books a reader can read the combination of spelling and decoding
a
What is the first major phonological skill developed? Word awareness Understanding rhyme and alliteration Rhyme manipulation Syllable awareness
a
What measure might a teacher use to determine a student's initial fluency before doing repeated readings? Counting of the number of accurate words read per minute Using a sight word drill to determine the number of sight words the student knows accurately Having the student do precisely seven repeated readings Counting how many vocabulary words that a student knows well
a
Which is TRUE about spelling skills? all of these are true it is a method of transferring speech to print they are based on the alphabetic system students need to understand letters and sounds to be successful
a
Which is true for phonics instruction? teach a few easily distinguishable letters at a time teach all 26 letters at the same time teach one letter a week, from A-Z teach vowels first, then consonants
a
Which of the following is the best example of phoneme manipulation? Adding the phoneme /b/ to the word ''ran'' to create the word ''bran'' Asking a student to clap the syllables in their own names Adding new syllables to ensure that words rhyme with one another Asking a student to say the definitions of words in addition to their phonemes
a
A seven month old baby repeatedly babbles 'bababa' and 'dadada'. This is an example of a baby's use of phonemes from his native language. the development of Wernicke's area. a baby's first speech like sounds. universal grammar at work. overextending the meaning of words.
a baby's use of phonemes from his native language.
An organized classroom creates a space where students feel All of the above Comfortable Productive Motivated
all of the above
By what age will most children have acquired the ability to speak their first word? 1 month old 1 year old 6 months old 1 day old
b
If you were to segment the word 'peach' into different phonemes, how many phonemes would there be? 1 3 5 2
b
The stage of spelling development that involves using a complete understanding of language is the _____ stage. Pre-communicative Correct spelling Semi-phonetic Transitional Phonetic
b
What are two examples of ways to assess a reader's level of ability and current reading rate? Make goals; ask the student what he or she thinks his or her flaws are Identify points of errors; time the reader Pick a difficult passage and have the student read it; comment on areas of weakness See how fast the reader is; have the student read backward
b
What does a derivational morpheme do to a word? Changes the tense Alters the word's part of speech Reminds you of another word Changes the number of a noun
b
What is a good starting point for teaching syllabication? Words with three or more syllables Students' names Words with just one syllable Sight words
b
What is a sight word? A word that is so complex, students must memorize it A word that appears frequently A word with only three letters A word that is phonetically regular
b
What is morphology? The study of metamorphosis The study of a language's parts and how the parts interact The study of living organisms The study of specific words
b
When a child just puts together a string of random letters, numbers, and symbols, they are likely in the _____ stage of spelling development. Transitional Pre-communicative Correct spelling Semi-phonetic Phonetic
b
When students are clapping syllables, how many times should they clap for the word 'bulldozer?' 1 3 2 4
b
Where is the syllable break in the word 'spider'? Between the 'd' and the 'e' Between the 'i' and the 'd' Between the 'p' and the 'i' Between the 'e' and the 'r'
b
Which factor refers to the voice quality of a reader? accuracy intonation reading rate pacing
b
Which is an example of adjusting fluency for a different type of text? reading out loud to children skimming and scanning repeated reading skipping hard words
b
Which is true about bilingual and non-native English learners? They cannot be taught the alphabetic principle. They follow a similar process for learning the alphabetic principle with the addition of vocabulary development. They follow a whole different process for learning the alphabetic principle. They follow the same process for learning the alphabetic principle.
b
Which is true about oral language development? Children with strong vocabularies are better readers. All of these are correct. Children with strong oral language skills are better able to comprehend written language. Children in language rich environments do better in school.
b
Which of the following BEST describes the concept of repeated readings? Passages from literature that are read a set number of times for every student A variety of activities that involve multiple reads of the same letters, words, or text Lists of letters for students to read and reread until they are understood automatically A series of letter combinations that students practice aloud until they improve their accuracy and speed when compared with their initial reading
b
Which of the following genres might be especially helpful for prosody? textbooks poetry nonfiction mysteries
b
Which of the following is a consonant blend? /oo/ /bl/ /at/ /re/
b
The holophrastic stage refers to the time when babies begin uttering speech-like sounds. babies recognize and point to named objects. start babbling repetitive syllables. babies can use a few words and understand many more. babies develop a broad vocabulary.
babies can use a few words and understand many more.
A teacher asks a student to tell her each of the phonemes of the word ''top.'' The student says /t/, /o/, /p/. Which of the following term best describes the strategy being used? Rhyming Phoneme blending Phoneme segmenting Phoneme manipulation
c
Between 1 and 2 years old what skills do most children gain? Vocabulary expands to be considered roughly 65% intelligible Can ask questions by raising intonation at the end of sentences All of the answers are correct Can use most vowels
c
By what age can most children be considered fully intelligible? 2-3 years 1 year 4-5 years 6 months
c
How can one best foster the development of oral language skills in children? Let children watch TV often. Allow children to use social media. Have vocabulary rich conversations with children. Ask children to complete math worksheets.
c
Is it helpful for a student to learn by reading with another student her or his age? Yes, if they are able to help each other pronounce difficult words. No, because neither will be able to help the other. Yes, only if one student has a higher reading level and can correct any errors made by her or his peer. No, this only works with adults.
c
Print awareness is: Impossible for pre-readers to grasp The step after phonemic awareness One of the first steps in learning to read The final step in learning to read The ability to comprehend what is read
c
Students who need help with prosody: should only read nursery rhymes should read texts with very simple punctuation only should focus on punctuation marks should read silently instead of reading aloud
c
What are word recognition skills? reading and spelling the same word ways to spell words a student's ability to recognize words easily learning the first 2000 words
c
What does the alphabetic principle describe? the relationship of vocabulary and letters the knowledge and understanding of vocabulary the relationship of letters and sound the knowledge of letters and their shape
c
What form of indirect instruction increases fluency? teaching sight words teaching phonemes reading to a student teaching phonics
c
What is phonology? Being able to produce sounds Having proper grammar and spelling The systematic organization of sounds into language The study of telephones
c
What is syllabication? Spelling Breaking up a word into its letter sounds Breaking up words into their separate syllables Sounding out words on the page
c
What is the first major phonological skill developed? Syllable awareness Rhyme manipulation Word awareness Understanding rhyme and alliteration
c
What is the point of focusing on speaking with prosody? It will increase your comprehension of oral language. It will make you laugh really hard. It will help with prosody because the practice will transfer into reading. It will help you get your point across.
c
What is the smallest meaningful unit of language called? Morphone Malform Morpheme Morphine
c
When using timed repeated reading in reading instruction, how many times should a reader be asked to read a passage? 1-2 2-3 4-6 15-20
c
Which of the following is a strategy recommended to improve fluency? Sight word memorization Development of a larger vocabulary All of the answers are correct Repeated readings
c
Which of the following is the best example of a teacher supporting students to understand basic rhythm? Asking students which of the following words rhyme: lace, face, grace, tuba Asking a student what the last sound in a word is Clapping out the syllables in a word or phrase Adding a new sound onto an existing word to create a new word
c
Which of these is an example of intentional lap reading? A grandpa reading a book out loud while children are tucked in bed, eyes closed but listening An older sister reading a recipe while younger sibling gathers ingredients Mother and child looking at book as mother reads it Father and daughter listening to a book on tape A pre-reader independently looking at picture book
c
Which strategy includes making sure that a teacher is nearby to support development? context clues word identification guide practice word recognition
c
Why teach readers fluency? to make them aware of sounds of speech to make them faster readers to increase comprehension to impress their parents
c
A teacher asks a student to tell her what word can be heard in the following: /sssiiippp/. The student replies that the word is ''sip.'' What strategy is at work here? Phoneme manipulation Phonemic isolation Phoneme segmenting Phoneme blending
d
How can teachers of non-native English learners support the development of the alphabetic principle? By making sure students are aware of and can make different letter sounds. By building a solid vocabulary of English words. By helping them discriminate between similar letters. All answers are correct.
d
How many phonemes are there in the English language? None of the answers are correct; it's impossible to know all of the possible combinations. About 52 About 26 About 40
d
If a child uses the letter 'R' to represent the word 'are,' she or he is likely in the _____ stage of spelling development. Transitional Pre-communicative Phonetic Semi-phonetic Correct spelling
d
In the following sentence, what is the bound morpheme? The cats ran and sat on the ledge. ran sat ledge -s
d
What factors are included in fluency? reading text accurately reading text smoothly reading text with appropriate expression all the answers are correct
d
What game is good for teaching sight words? Memory Bingo Flash cards All answers are correct
d
What is a free morpheme? A morpheme who knows no allegiance to a ruler A standalone word A morpheme which has to be attached to a word to function A morpheme which can function independently as a word
d
What is a phoneme? A phoneme is part of a word. A phoneme is a unit of speech sound, and each phoneme has an inherent meaning like Latin or Greek roots. A phoneme is a unit of speech sound that doesn't have any meaning by itself and only creates sounds that don't have meaning. A phoneme is a unit of speech sound that doesn't have any meaning by itself. But when you link phonemes together, words are created.
d
What is one advantage to reader's theater? It focuses on good spelling. It makes readers develop their comprehension very quickly. It pushes students to read higher levels. It helps students with prosody as they act.
d
What is phonological awareness? Reading fluently and with expression Understanding how words fit together in a sentence Remembering sight words Understanding how sounds fit together in words
d
What's the best strategy for readers to increase word recognition? spelling words out analyzing text cueing strategies repeated reading
d
When do literacy skills begin to develop? About 5 years In high school When children go to school In infancy
d
Where is the syllable break in the word 'snappy'? Between the 'a' and the first 'p' Between the second 'p' and the 'y' Between the 's' and the 'n' Between the first 'p' and the second 'p'
d
Which is an example of a context clue? questioning inferring spelling patterns pictures
d
Which of the following is accurate regarding phonemes? Phonemes are the last syllable of a word. Phonemes always rhyme with one another. Phonemes are the first syllable of a word Phonemes are the smallest unit of sound in a word.
d
Which principle holds that letters and groups of letters combine to create words and meaning? Spacing Extensionalism Directionality Alphabetic Intensionalism
d
Which students might especially benefit from multisensory mapping? Strong readers Good athletes Students who love writing Students with dyslexia
d
Why is automaticity in particular so critical for reading comprehension? Spelling and grammar are much less important than comprehension, according to researchers. When a student reads very slowly, it is always better for comprehending the text. When students read too quickly, they forget to pause at the right places in the text. Being able to quickly identify a letter or word allows a student to focus on understanding the meaning of the text.
d
Why is it important to understand phonemes? None of the answers listed. Phonemes help us understand the history of our language because meanings of words often change over time. Phonemes help us understand what words mean because they are a basic unit within the words that we say, write, and read. Phonemes can drastically change words and meanings if mispronounced. They are the basic unit of how we vocalize our words and must be used correctly to communicate what we are trying to say.
d
Directionality of print is the concept that: Letters are combined to make syllables Proper penmanship slants to the right Text is read from the bottom up Proper penmanship slants to the left Text is written and read from left to right
e
Spelling based on both sounding out words and some basic patterns occurs in the _____ of spelling development. Semi-phonetic Correct spelling Phonetic Pre-communicative Transitional
e
An immersion system __________. uses a third language for reference forces students to read, learn and speak in their second language only allows the use of the native language for math and science allows some use of the student's native language
forces students to read, learn and speak in their second language only
Some systems call for a widespread use of a student's native language. These types of systems emphasize _____. grammar hearing skills speaking skills recognizing cognates
grammar
Which meeting area is not important to include in a literacy classroom? Math game area Literacy center tables Guided reading table Class meeting area with large rug
math game area
Vowels and consonants are examples of suffixes phonemes semantics morphemes prefixes
phonemes
In which of the following systems is direct translation encouraged? systems created by Dictionary companies systems that allow the use of native language systems that allow some use of the native language systems that do not allow the use of native language
systems that allow the use of native language
In which system will students sometimes respond to their teacher's native language questions by speaking in their second language? systems that outlaw the use of the native language all of these are correct systems that use both systems that encourage use of the native language
systems that use both
An example of a morpheme is the 'y' in 'by' the sound made by 'ch' an 'e' that makes the 'a' in 'lake' have a long sound an adjective like 'yellow' the 'de-' in 'deconstruct'
the 'de-' in 'deconstruct'
How are students expected to learn the definitions of words in systems which do not allow for use of a student's native language? through making word associations and definitions from words they already know in their second language through hand gestures or using pen and paper, either with teachers or in student groups translation on their own time with books given to them at the beginning of the year word translations are provided on the board at the beginning of the class in which they are used.
through making word associations and definitions from words they already know in their second language
Overextending language is when a baby begins to use many words he or she doesn't yet understand. begins to advance beyond his or her expected language level. begins to fall behind his or her expected language level. uses a single word to mean many different things. uses many different words for a single thing.
uses a single word to mean many different things.
How could you BEST describe the role that grammar plays in language?
Grammar enables complexity of meaning in language
