Music Final Study Guide

Jimi Hendrix

(1942-1970) born in Seattle, Washington. He began his musical career singing back-up for Tina Turner, Little Richard, and Wilson Pickett • Formed his own band in 1965 called Jimmy James and the Blue Flames, which played regularly in Greenwich Village • In 1966, moved to London (mod scene) and formed the rock trio The Jimi Hendrix Experience: • Hendrix was a left-handed player, but instead of playing a left-handed guitar, he played a right-handed guitar upside down but with the normal arrangement of strings, low at the top

Janice Joplin

(1943-1970) came to San Francisco in 1965, where she started performing with Big Brother and the Holding Company and made an enormous impact at the Monterey Pop Festival in 1967 thanks to Janis' dynamic stage performance, where she wore garish clothing, stomped around on stage, and screamed with gusto • Janis went solo in 1969 with I Got Dem Ol' Kosmic Blues Again and in 1970 formed a back-up band, Full-Tilt Boogie. • They would record the album Pearl, in which she died of a heroin overdose before the album could be released. ▫ Me and Bobby McGee became her only Top 40 hit • Film The Rose with Bette Midler is loosely based on her life

The Doors

(1965-1973) formed in the Los Angeles underground by Jim Morrison and keyboardist Ray Manzarek, who were UCLA film school alums, took their name from Aldous Huxley's book The Doors of Perception. Other members included Robby Krieger on guitar and John Densmore on drums • Tended to focus on the darker side life and/or the "bad trip", his lyrics are often filled with grotesque and unsettling images of alienation and repression

Sly and the family stone

(1966-1983) Formed by brothers Sylvester Stewart (Sly Stone) and Freddie Stewart. The word family referred to the fact that Sly's siblings were in the group, as well as an interracial group including both men and women. • "Dance to the Music" and Clive Davis • wrote about bigotry • Songs like "Everyday People", and "Don't Call me N****r Whitey", made strong statements about racism and skin color • Woodstock • "Thank You (Falettinme Be Mice Elf Again)" (1970) was their greatest contribution to the funk genre, adding fuzztone guitar • Slap Bass • Drug problems and increased disillusionment with the world around him caused the band to break up

Woodstock

(Aug. 15-18, 1969) • Took place near Bethel, New York from Aug. 15-18, 1969 on Max Yasgur's Dairy Farm • Was organized by a few wealthy pioneers and followed the model of other festivals being held around the nation at that time • The area had enough supplies for 150,000, but 400,000 showed up, on top of that it rained • Through these dreadful conditions it became the countercultures finest hour in that there was no violence, the spirit of cooperation infused the entire event. Two deaths that did occur were balanced by two births • 32 of the best known musicians played, with Jimi Hendrix headlining the last evening • No shows include The Doors, Led Zeppelin, Bob Dylan, and Jethro Tull

George Clinton

(b. 1941) formed Parliament originally as a vocal group styled after Motown's Temptations, and was hired by Motown as a staff writer. • Would also form the group Funkadelic (1968) but members flowed in and out of both bands sometimes calling themselves P-Funk Stage act • Used members of James Brown's band Maceo Parker Bootsy Collins (Bass) was a major contributor to the overall sound of P-Funk, (used echo and distortion, as well as other effects on his bass guitar) and as rhythm arranger of the group. Ex. "Give Up the Funk (Tear the Roof Off of The Sucker)" (1976) biggest hit Call and Response ("We Want the Funk") One of the most sampled men in the Hip-Hop genre

Eric Clapton

(b. 1945) born in Ripley, England Eric first broke ground as a blues guitarist in bands like the Yardbirds and the Bluesbreakers. • In 1966 formed the group Cream, Band came to America 1967, and performed 9 shows at the RKO theater • becoming one of the first rock performers to play extended, improvised solos The group had hits with White Room Crossroads and Sunshine of Your Love • In the studio Cream had to limit their songs to three minutes, limiting their effectiveness as a band • Fighting within the band caused them to break-up in 1968, and to counteract his rising stardom formed Derek and the Dominos ▫ Layla, love song written for Patti Boyd • 1970s battled heroin addiction and continued to obsess over Patti Boyd (George Harrison's wife), eventually breaking the habit and marrying Patti • The ONLY person to be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame three times, with Cream, The Yardbirds, and as a solo performer he is known as one of the greatest guitarists of all time • His playing and style would be equaled by only one other solo, virtuoso guitar player of his time.

Madonna

(b. 1958) - born Madonna Louise Ciconne. Followed suit with female performers before her and helped evolve the feminist ideal. She was both a singer and dancer (Alvin Ailey dance troupe) and relied a lot on the visual element of her songs • Her self titled album (1983) started off with two hit songs "Borderline" and "Lucky Star" which gave her moderate Success • "Like a Virgin" (1985) raised many eyebrows because of her sexual promiscuity • Also appeared in a lead role in Desperately Seeking Susan (1985) o Broader mass media • "Get Into the Groove", #1 in the UK True Blue (1986) produced five Top 5 singles and used even deeper, more controversial lyrics • "Papa Don't Preach" In 1987, embarked on Who's That Girl, world tour. Pope John Paul II denounced the tour and told people not to go. Like a Prayer (1989) caused controversy with the title track of the song. Catholic symbols, burning crosses, and stigmata, and portrayed an African American as a holy figure organ and choral singing to produce the mood, as well as Prince playing guitar Pepsi dropped the song from their commercial Her greatest hits album Immaculate Collection (1990) included two new songs, one by the title "Justify My Love". • The video contained images of sadomasochism, bondage, and same-sex kissing. The video proved to be even to much for MTV's standards In 1990 she embarked on her Blond Ambition tour. Like a Virgin now took on a whole new visual element with two men caressing Madonna in bed • In 1991, she produced the 6th highest grossing documentary "Truth or Dare", which gave you a behind the scenes look of the tour. • Throughout her career Madonna has explored and sought to blur the boundaries of sex, race, women's roles, and religion • 2003 MTV VMA's

Prince

(b. 1958) - born Prince Rogers Nelson in Minneapolis, MN. Combined Michael Jackson's cross-over appeal with Madonna's sexual imagery and multiple alter-egos, always appearing as an androgynous figure. In 1992-3 he would drop his name and become "the Symbol" or "the Artist formerly known as Prince", Role of Producer and musician • played all the instruments on his first five albums (with no formal music training), giving him total control over his music 1982 brought major success with the release of "1999", and his first top ten hit "Little Red Corvette". "1999" and "Delirious" soon followed, making him another African-American on MTV 1999, technique used different voices for each line In 1984, semi-autobiographical "Purple Rain" was released with critical acclaim and accompanied with a soundtrack. • "When Doves Cry, was composed in one night (the last to be written), no bass line, and a classical piano part at the end, as well as showing his incredible vocal range o Simultaneously held #1 Film, #1 Album, and #1 single • The song Darling Nikki prompted Tipper Gore to start the Parent Music Resource Center, which advocated warning labels on all albums with explicit lyrics • "Sign O' the Times"(1987) was Prince's most critically acclaimed album • In 1989, produced the 9 track soundtrack to Batman, which hit #1 status with the song "Batdance" • It is an amalgam of 6 different songs going on Musical output of about 30 albums and numerous self-produced movies. During the 1980's, released an average of one album a year Musicology (won two grammys) Prince has mastered every genre and combined them in a way like no other A huge activist on copyright laws for musicians One of the first artists to sell music on the internet Pioneered the Minneapolis Sound One of the most talented musicians to reach commercial success

Michael Jackson

(b. 1958) was originally part of the musical family the Jackson 5 (Motown), which were popularized in the 1970s with hits like "Shake Your Body (Down to the Ground)", "Rockin' Robin", and "ABC" • 1978 starred in the movie The Wiz, where he first met Quincy Jones and agreed to produce Michael's first solo album Off the Wall (1979) • Broke his nose dancing • Produced 4 top 10 hits • Thriller (1982), contained 7 top ten singles and won a record 8 Grammys • "The Girl is Mine" duet with Paul McCartney, helped break him into the white pop audience "Billie Jean", his next release, was the first singe to hit #1. Disliked by Jones and was almost pulled from the album. • Sang the song at Motown's 25 anniversary party where he did the "moonwalk" "Beat It", album's third release, was an ambitious Rock and Roll song about defeat and courage, and played to the "metal-head" crowd • Eddie Van Halen was asked to play the guitar solo • Video depicted Michael breaking up a racially charged gang fight "Thriller", 4th release, contains many produced sound effects (creaking door, footsteps, howling wolf) spoken word part by Vincent Price (House of Wax, The Fly, House on Haunted Hill) Video was directed by Jon Landis (American Werewolf in London) Considered to be a short film it, plus other videos off this record, helped boost the prestige of MTV and broke down racial barriers, when Jackson became the "King of Pop" "Thriller" became the best selling album worldwide (about 100 million units sold). Jackson, who had struck an unprecedented deal made $2 off of every album Michael Jackson personal life became public with charges of child molestation, and his spending habits have almost made him broke.

Describe the Greatful Dead

(formed in 1965) - Originally called the Warlocks when they were a house band for Ken Kesey and his Acid parties. Original and lasting members included: ▫ Jerry Garcia Ron "Pigpen" McKernan - keyboard and harmonica • Group was the embodiment of the counterculture and lived in Haight-Ashbury district of San Francisco, always promoting a sense of community and contributing to the collective good. ▫ Never had a top ten hit • the band was about, live music • The Dead considered themselves to be a "concert" band, not a studio band and started to record live albums (half of their releases to date). In 1969 they released their first live album Live/Dead (mostly recorded at the Fillmore), included the tune Dark Star, which is 23 minutes long • Established themselves as one of the pioneers of jam band music, and help defined the bands improvised sound

Describe Jefferson Airplane

-managed by bill Graham became one of the first bands signed to a major label, due to the FM format. Sparked many other bands to form to cash in. • Founding members were vocalist Marty Balin, (a year later replaced by Grace Slick), • Grace Slick, whose onstage personality and looks, really brought the band to its heightened popularity. two songs off of their album Surrealistic Pillow became top ten singles she brought from her previous band the Great Society Somebody to Love and White Rabbit which connects more directly with the drug experience, correlates with the story Alice in Wonderland

Funk

A distinctive style originated by James Brown 1. Polyrhythmic - simultaneous sounding of two independent rhythms (African) 3. Vocals sung in work song style (call and response) 4. Horns were used to punctuate the rhythm, but not play melodic lines 5. Chord changes were minimal 6. Guitars played mostly riffs or scratch guitar *Most bands towed the line between soul and funk

Altamont

Altamont "The day the music Died" when hell's angel stabbed a guy and killed him. 3 overdose death's occured. and over 800 injuries.

Grunge

Alternative rock" that started in Seattle in the mid 80s. It was inspired by Heavy Metal, Hardcore Punk, and Indie Rock, and took a defiant stance to conformity (dressing down) and commercialism It's characteristics usually include: 1. Heavily distorted guitars (fuzz, feedback) 2. Apathetic, angst filled lyrics 3. Contrasting song dynamics The musicians were known for their unkempt appearance and their rejection of theatrics

album/song work of jimi

Are You Experienced was the bands first LP in 1967, they included the hit songs Foxey Lady, Purple Haze, Hey Joe, and Fire. It reached number two behind Sgt Peppers in the UK, where they toured extensively • Second album Axis Bold as Love achieved minimal success • Last album Electric Ladyland (1968), was only #1 album and contained the hit song All Along the Watchtower (song by Bob Dylan) and Voodoo Child (Slight Return)

jimi hendrix experience

Became a huge hit in America at the Monterey Pop Festival, in which they followed the Who. Jimi topped them by playing the guitar with his teeth, behind his back, setting his guitar on fire and then smashing it to the ground in the UK, where they toured extensively

Pink Floyd

Began in the mid-1960s as a psychedelic blues band, the bands members included Syd Barrett (guitarist), Roger Waters (bassist), Rick Wright (keyboardist), and Nick Mason (drummer) • Known for their dramatic light shows, electronic effects, long improvisations, with Barrett providing most of the compositions on their first album "The Piper at the Gates of Dawn". • Increased mental problems caused Barrett to leave the group and Waters' to take over as lead composer, David Gilmour took over as guitarist and lead singer • A formula which would eventually cause them to break-up • Reached their peak on the album "Dark Side of the Moon", used brooding songs, breath-taking sound effects, female backup vocals, long instrumental stretches, saxophone, and top-notch production. • It spent 741 weeks on Billboard's album charts (14.5 years) • The album would talk about greed, aging and mental illness (inspired by Barrett) • Wizard of Oz (Brain Damage) • Was recorded at Abbey Road Studios, in which they were capable of 16 track mixes, Alan Parsons as the sound engineer • Was the first concept album, or an album with a "unified theme" be it lyrical, narrative, compositional, or instrumental • Money, one of their more popular tunes on the album, uses effects loops to mimic sounds of change and cash registers • Their next album "Wish You Were Here" was a tribute to Syd and was met with critical acclaim • Shine on You Crazy Diamonds is an epic two part song about 25 minutes in length and combines every musical element past and present that Pink Floyd have used • "Animals" released in 1977, was a concept album based loosely on George Orwell's book The Animal Farm, where various castes of society are portrayed as animals. • One of the least successful of the concept albums • "The Wall" is a rock opera released in 1979, dealing with a wall that forms around everybody and the threat of isolation. Based on Waters life (Pink) and his growing disdain of audiences • The album also inspired a film Pink Floyd: The Wall, released in 1983 • Another Brick in the Wall, Hey You, and Comfortably Numb among the hits

British new wave

British New Wave Elvis Costello (Declan MacManus b. 1955) - influenced by the like of Buddy Holly, he formed his neurotic image and style through him. • Was a great songwriter that drew mostly upon relationships • "Pump It Up" (double-entendre)

The Eagles

Came out of Southern California. Used the name Eagles as a nod to group the Byrds. • Members included Glenn Frey (vocals, keys, harmonica), • Self-titled debut album produced three hit singles Take It Easy, Witchy Woman, and Peaceful Easy Feeling • Their second album Desperado, was mainly written by the Frey/Henley duo (a trend that would last) and themed on Old West outlaws • The album "One of These Nights" wona them a Grammy with the hit Loyin' Eyes, tempers started to flair and Bernie Leadon resigned from the band by pouring a beer over Glenn Frey's head • "Hotel California" came out in 1976. The title track is said to have different meanings - was actually quoted by Don Henley as "a song about the dark underbelly of the American Dream, about excess in America" • The Eagles, though from the Southwest, were towing the line from Southern rock to soft rock. Their main attraction was their use of layered guitars as well as layered vocal lines - Their GreatestHits, 1971-1975, is the best-selling album of all time (27 million copies) - Glenn Frey and Don Henley both had successful solo careers

Black Sabath

Considered to be one of the original Heavy Metal bands, dealing with the occult and religious imagery (though maybe not have the first heavy metal song) they called it "doom music" • Tony Iommi (guitar), Terry Butler (bass), Bill Ward (drums), Ozzy Osbourne (vocals) • Originally a blues band from Birmingham, England. Black Sabbath formed in 1969, and their first self-titled album was released on Friday 13, February 1970. • Their second album Paranoid (1970) sold over 4million copies, thanks to their relentless touring, and reached #1 in the UK and broke into the top ten in the US. • Their title track was recorded at the last minute, but became a top ten hit in the US • Two other songs that became the pinnacle of the group and the Heavy-Metal genre were "Iron Man" (which failed to reach the top 40) and "War Pigs" (a protest song about the Vietnam War) • they recorded many more albums Sabbath, Bloody Sabbath (1973) was only other album to achieve commercial success • Was recorded in the dungeon of a castle back in England • Incorporated strings, synthesizers, and more complex arrangements, also used Rick Wakeman (Yes) as a session player • Ex. "Sabbath, Boody Sabbath" • During their Never Say Die album. The band began to become disinterested and their performances were becoming tired and uninspiring, Van Halen, who were the openers continually "outplayed" them • Ozzy, who was becoming increasingly unproductive in the studio and disinterested in the band, left in 1978 (said to be fired because of increased unreliability due to drugs and alcohol abuse) • He went on to form his own band Blizzard of Oz and recorded many hits after he left, among those were "Crazy Train", "Shot in the Dark", "No More Tears", "Mama, I'm Coming Home", and "I Don't Wanna Stop" • Became known as "the Godfather of Heavy Metal" and the "Prince of Darkness" • Was under fire for his lyrics to "Suicidal Solution", in which parents have sued him for pushing their kids to commit suicide. Ozzy won in both trials • Has bit the head off of a dove to gain attention, as well as a bat • The band continued to record and perform with other lead singers, but didn't have the same effect as their earlier years with Ozzy

American New Wave

Devo - formed by art students from Kent State University to write music to their movie The Truth About De-Evolution (1975). The single "Jocko Homo", sounded like robots were performing the song • Would later become more commercialized with songs like "Whip It", and remaking songs like "Working in a Coal Mine" and "Satisfaction" Talking Heads - formed in 1975 by art students from the Rhode Island School of Design • Brian Eno, minimalist composer, joined the group in 1978 and helped added electronic sound effects to three of their albums. • Ex. "Once in a Lifetime" • also contains African elements

Characteristics of psychedelic/acid rock

Drugs were an important element • Songs became long instrumental improvisations as well as groups experimenting with electronics Volume levels at live concerts reached new highs. • Groups often placed considerable emphasis on the instrumentalists, especially the guitarist, in which they would improvise for long periods of time Electronic technology • Based mostly on Folk music, with a bluesy feel

Allman Bros

Duane Allman was a well established guitarist (played with Clapton) when he formed the band in 1969 with his brother Greg Allman (singer, organ). Considered to be the architect behind southern rock their first album "The Allman Brothers Band" met with critical acclaim • Billed as "America's Best Rock and Roll Band" • Duane Allman died in a car accident soon after the album was released in 1971 • A year later, Berry Oakley, bassist, died from head injuries in a motorcycle accident • Dicky Betts, who started to become the bandleader after Duane died, recorded some of their best known hits on their album "Brothers and Sisters" (1973) • Ex. Ramblin' Man they were picked to be the last band to play at the Fillmore East before it shut down in 1971

Grandmaster Flash

Early DJ whose innovations and perfections on turntables moved to the realm of a musical instrument Scratching - the record is rotated in the reverse direction and then forward - fast and repeatedly (did not invent) Backspinning - using your hand to make the record spin backward (to elongate a song break) Cutting - segue one record to the next through the vari-speed control In 1979, the Sugar Hill Gang released the first Hip-hop single "Rapper's Delight" Sampled from Chic's "Good Times" proved that hip-hop could be put on vinyl Rapper became the star (and term) and the DJ became the backdrop Ex. Paved the way for other hit songs: Kurtis Blow's "The Breaks Afrika Bambaataa's "Planet Rock" Grandmaster Flash's "The Message"

End of the 60s

End of 60's was marked with the deaths of Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin and Jim Morrison, the break-up of the Beatles, and the actions at Kent State and Altamont

Raggae

Established in Jamaica, it fused elements of North American Rhythm and Blues (radio and WWII) and African Jamaican music (Ska), • Sound systems - cars set up for street parties: Records, turntables, speakers, and a microphone for the DJ (toasting) Musical Elements: 1. Accents usually fall on the weak beats of every measure, accented by the bass drum (evolving from the shuffle) 2. Guitarist plays offbeat "skanks" 3. Combos consisted of electric guitars, organ, bass, and drums 4. Lyrics are often politically tinged (Blues) 5. Swung/Shuffle Jamaica gained full independence in 1962 - Emigrated to UK in 60's, the US in the 70's through the movie The Harder They Come. (Jimmy Cliff) Bob Marley (1945-1981) - Has strong ties to the Rastafari movement, a "way of life" that rejects Western Society and promotes the use of cannabis (ganja) as a sacramental herb, wearing of a distinctive hairstyle called "dreadlocks", and proclaims Africa as the birthplace of mankind • Music and Dance were quintessential • Ex. "I Shot the Sheriff" • Music would influence Eric Clapton, Paul Simon, The Police, UB40, Elvis Costello

The Who

Formally a traditional jazz band the Who actually formed in 1965 with Pete Townshend (guitar), Roger Daltry (vocals) John Entwistle (bass guitar) and Keith Moon (drums) • During a concert in London in 1964, Townshend breaks guitar on roof of club. And proceeds to smash it on the floor. • Release their first UK hit with My Generation in December, 1965. • In 1966 they released the "Happy Jack", which included a storytelling medley A Quick One While He's Away, it was one of their first attempts at rock opera • The Who Sell Out" released in 1967, also included a mini-rock opera in Rael, but would produce their highest charting hit yet with I Can See for Miles • The pinnacle to the rock opera (?) genre is the album they released in 1969 entitled Tommy, which was composed mainly by Townshend • It is a story of a blind kid who becomes a pinball wizard • Influenced future rock operas/musicals (Jesus Christ Superstar • Their next completed album happened in 1971 with "Who's Next" which featured songs from the previous rock opera album "Lifehouse". - featured one of the pioneering examples of synthesizers (ARP) in rock music. It was predominantly featured on two of their hits • Ex. Baba O'Riley • Won't Get Fooled Again • Their last album "Who Are You", released in 1978 and produced the self-titled hit, was followed by tragedy. - Keith Moon overdoses on pills that were supposed to combat his alcoholism • In 1979, a concert at Riverfront Coliseum in Cincinnati, caused 11 fans to be crushed from the sudden rush into the coliseum • the band broke up in 1983

Blues Revival

Gathered momentum in the late 60s with B.B. King. Though Chicago was the main area, California and the south also became prominent breeding grounds

Lynrd Skynrd

Getting their name from a high school gym teacher for which they had many entanglements (Leonard Skinner) - Their image was southern working class pride and hell-raising and would show it by using a confederate flag as a backdrop on stage - Their sound was based on a hard rock three guitar attack, as opposed to the blues • Ronnie Van Zant (vocals) • The band was discovered in 1972 by Al Kooper and in 1973 recorded the album Pronouncued Leh-Nerd Skin-Nerd • Free Bird, considered to a Rock and Roll anthem today • Slide guitar was to emulate Duane Allman • Ex. • Grew in popularity when they toured with The Who in 1973 • The 1974 album Second Helping scored their biggest hit Sweet Home Alabama • 1977's Street Survivors album produced two popular hits What's Your Name and That Smell • October 20, 1977, three days after the album release, their plane crashed killing Ronnie Van Zant, Steve Gaines, Cassie Gaines and severely injuring the rest of the band • The band disbanded soon after until in 1987 they reunited with the surviving members and Ronnie younger brother Johnny Van Zant (.38 Special) singing lead

Led Zeppelin

Jimmy Paige Though they had heavy guitar-ridden sounds, and were considered to be on of the first metal bands though they towed the line between that and hard rock. • Their First album Led Zeppelin (1969) had wide acclaim, but had more of a hard rock sound tinged with a lot of blues from the Jimmy Pages's early years with the Yardbirds • Led Zeppelin II, which was recorded mostly on the road, reached #1 on the US charts (their next 8 albums would reach either #1 or #2). Songs like "Whole Lotta Love" and "Living Loving Maid" were starting to show signs of heavy metal tendencies • Led Zeppelin III though primarily acoustic in nature, it did feature one metal contribution with "The Immigrant Song", featuring a metal guitar riff with Plant's screaming vocals. • Ex. "Immigrant Song" • Led Zeppelin's fourth album came at the brink of the group's growing disdain for the music press and playing on television. Because of this there is no formal name or label on the front and only four symbols on the inside sleeve of the album (ZOSO) were ancient rune symbols • "Black Dog", and "Rock and Roll" were some of the more heavily tinged songs, but no song would have more popularity than the epic "Stairway to Heaven" • Starts slow with an acoustic guitar and recorders, then moves to an electric middle section. It finishes with a fast metal section with an extended guitar solo (three takes) • Contained all elements of Led Zeppelin's style • Became the most popular song in the US (FM) though it was never release as a single • Critics have stated their were subliminal satanic messages when played backward • Led Zeppelin would record four more records all with a wide range of success (Houses of the Holy, Physical Graffiti, Presence, In Through the Out Door) • The death of John Bonham in 1980 (pulmonary edema) caused the band to break up

Pearl Jam

Led by singer Eddie Vedder, the band was more classic rock than Nirvana, and was more commercially viable then them (Kurt bashing them because of it) • Ten, their debut album, contains numerous hits, but tows the line of grunge because of their prominent guitar leads. "Even Flow", "Alive" and "Jeremy" (based on a true story) • Ex. "Jeremy" After the popularity of the video for Jeremy they decided not to make videos anymore, and opted for fewer tv appearances and interviews Vs their second album produced hits "Go", "Dissident", "Animal", and "Daughter" Their subsequent tour produced a backlash with Ticketmaster The band has recorded numerous albums, none with the commercial success of Ten, they even recorded and sold every live show on their Binaural tour, choosing to play smaller venues

Punk Rock

Linked with the hippies anti-establishment ideas, punk was a form of expression that was more angry, and raw, that shook up the music establishment in 1975. • It was a fashion trend first, with torn shirts, leather jackets • To major epicenters of this movement were New York and London a year later Protopunk artists (bands that were influential in developing punk) were: • Iggy Pop, who formed the band the Stooges, was known more as a performer than musician. Smeared Peanut Butter all over his body, cut himself • MC5 - based out of Detroit, MI and were known for their high energy performances. Were pioneers in garage rock that would later spawn into punk • "Kick out the Jams" • The New York Dolls - cross-dressing musical group that started the New York scene, and influenced the visual element and style. Highly influential with the Sex Pistols and Kiss

Kent State

Live rounds fired into a crowd of Vietnam protesters on May 4, 1970. The protests were started in reaction to the United States' recent invasion in Cambodia, marking what seemed to be a continued presence in southeast asia.

Malcolm Mclaren

Malcolm McLaren, who was owner of an anti-fashion clothing store "Sex" and fan of anarchy ideology, was influenced by his trip to New York where he witnessed first hand the underground scene. • Helped manage the New York Dolls before they broke up when they came to the UK • Helped formed the band The Sex Pistols, when John Lyndon (vocals, Johnny Rotten) was hanging out with part-time worker Glen Matlock (bass), and brought in Steve Jones (guitar) and Paul Cook (drums) • Became their manager and signed them to EMI • Because of their on-stage antics and behavior they were released from EMI and then from A&M, with advances from each label. They later signed with Virgin • Their first single "Anarchy in the UK" (1976) was pulled from radio stations because of its vulgarity • "God Save the Queen" was another single that angered the establishment for its portrayal of the Queen of England. • The band eventually toured the US, but would tour the South instead of the Northeast, causing more controversy • The band would break up a year later, but its influences would be wide-spread, influencing the like of The Clash, Siouxsee and the Banshees, and Blondie

The ramones

New York based group formed in 1974. It was made up of four members, giving themselves all the last name Ramone (though they weren't related). • High-energy songs were famous at CBGB's because they could go through ten songs in less than a half hour. • "Blitzkrieg Bop" (1976) one of their most famous songs • Though their popularity was minimal at the time, they were highly influential on the punk rock scene in the United Kingdom in 1975 after they toured there o Sex Pistols, Billy Idol, Chrissy Hynde and the Pretenders, • Was the first punk band to be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame

Country/Southern Rock

Rock turned back to its birthplace, since it helped in the formation of rock and roll with rockabilly music. Though Country music declined in the 1960's it had a resurgence in the 70s. Relied mostly on vocals and guitar - tended to use boogie rhythms - Fast guitar licks - Lyrics highlighting southern living and ideals

Progressive Rock

Stylistic Traits: (does not have to include all, but most) • Would go beyond the verse-chorus song structure • Would incorporate jazz, classical, or world music • Had a unified theme or concept in their albums • Added to the timbre of the band by using instruments other than the standard organ, bass, guitar, and drums • Is freer in its rhythmic approach • Elaborate stage set-ups with props, lights, and electronics Most Progressive Rock bands came from Britain in reaction to a new rock music. Sometimes even called Art Rock

The 1970s Culture

The 1970s became the fragmentation of earlier initiatives with the advent of soft rock, progressive rock, heavy metal, punk rock, art rock, jazz fusion, funk, hip-hop, country rock and disco - Early 70s rocked still tended to be experimental testing the limits of rock, but finally became a viable genre - Festivals had mutated into mass-audience concerts - Late 70s began the conglomeration of power, experimentalism declined dramatically

New Wave

a lyrically more mellow form of punk promoted by record companies that wanted to capitalize on the punk sound, but didn't want the added drama. This tuned down style could also be played on FM radio. • Same format as punk, but used other elements, synthesizers, organs, and contained more melody

Ice T

born Tracy Marrow and after his stint in the Army, he learned the ropes by being a DJ and rapping at parties. • Took the NY rap style and infused his own lyrics about the gangsta lifestyle • Ex. "Six in the Morning" (1986) Came under heavy fire when he released the album "Body Count" in 1992, though it wasn't really a rap album Song Cop Killer was pulled from the album by Time Warner and also removed some of the artwork on the album I got my brain on hype. Tonightll be your night. I got this long-assed knife. And your neck looks just right. My adrenalines pumpin. I got my stereo bumpin. Im bout to kill me somethin. A pig stopped me for nuthin! Cop killer, better you than me. Cop killer, f**k police brutality! Cop killer, I know your mommas grieving, (f**k her!) Cop killer, but tonight we get even, yeah! F**k the Police! F**k the Police!

New Pop Sounds

dramatically different then the previous decades music. Its style had five distinct qualities. • Wiped out discrimination by sex, sexual preference, and race. None of its big stars were heterosexual white males • It exploited new media resources. Helped raised the music video to an art form • It was a musical melting pot. Punk, disco, reggae, funk, pop, and black romantic music fed into it • Synthesizers played an increasingly important role in the sound of the music. Some replaced guitars, basses, and conventional keyboards; synthesized percussion sounds enhanced or replaced drumkits • It was incredibly popular. Sales surpassed the sales of previous best-selling albums Because artists drew from so many different styles, their was no easily definable sound, and there was a lot of room to operate. Introduced in 1981, MTV gave rock video fans a chance to watch music 24 hours a day. Their first video was "Video Killed the Radio Star" by the Buggles • Slogan became "I want my MTV!" • VJs took to the air to show music videos 24-7 • Has been blamed for devaluing the importance of music by providing a visual aspect • Music videos have evolved over time and pop artists have taken full advantage of the genre, giving back the notion of a complete entertainer • Shows appealed to different genres like Headbangers Ball, 120 Minutes, and Yo! MTV Raps. They could also get their music news, as well as music game shows. • Popular non-music shows were Beavis and Butthead, Aeon Flux, and even started The Jon Stewart Show The New Pop Royalty of the 1980s that defined multi-dimensional pop style were Michael Jackson, Prince, and Madonna MTV faced enormous challenges in the early days: • Having enough videos to fill 24 hours of broadcasting • Record companies were not entirely convinced that it would pay off • Cable TV was not yet widely available • Main audience were white Midwestern teenagers

Nirvana

formed in 1987 (Kurt Cobain, Krist Novoselic) and hailed from Aberdeen, Washington (100 miles from Seattle). • First album "Bleach" (1989) was with the Sub Pop record label (Soundgarden) and cost about $600 to record, but sold 35,000 copies • "Nevermind" was released in 1991 (Geffen), eventually becoming #1 and was responsible for bringing Grunge to the mainstream audience (and replacing Michael Jackson's Dangerous) o Ex. Smells Like Teen Spirit • Kurt Cobain, though much to his disliking, became the voice of new rock movement. Though his band's popularity was at its peak, Kurt struggled with popularity and the fear that their message of antiestablishment was being overshadowed. • Cobain, and his wife Courtney Love (of the band Hole) had a series of drug overdoses. Other problems were, taking heroin while pregnant with their child and even came close to losing their daughter. • "In Utero" (1993) with hits Heart-shaped Box, Rape Me and All Apologies was not as commercially successful as "Nevermind", though it debuted at #1 • After a successful taping on MTV Unplugged the band would go on tour, resulting in several cancellations and Kurt checking into a rehab facility, for which he escaped by climbing over a wall. He was found dead a week later on Friday, April 8, 1994 with a self-inflicted gun-shot wound. The band dissolved but Dave Grohl would find success with the band The Foo Fighters The unknown super-group Temple of the Dog was formed in 1990 (to memorialize Andrew Wood of Mother Love Bone) and included these members: • Chris Cornell (Soundgarden) • Eddie Vedder (Pearl Jam) • Stone Gossard (Pearl Jam) • Jeff Ament (Pearl Jam) • Mike McCReady (Pearl Jam) • Matt Cameron (Soundgarden) Earned praise but wasn't recognized until both bands had made it big • "Hunger Strike" was more popular

Run DMC

formed in Hollis, Queens, New York, made up of Joseph "Run" Simmons, Darryl "DMC" McDaniels, and Jason "Jam Master J" Mizell. They are arguably one of the most influential in mainstreaming the world of Hip-hop. • From their debut album Raising Hell, Rick Rubin had the idea of sampling Aerosmith's "Walk This Way", and actually had Steven Tyler and Joe Perry rerecord their tracks over a drumbeat. • It was a catalyst to bring Run DMC into the mainstream and helped to bridge the gap between rock and rap (MTV) • Signed a promotional deal with ADIDIAS for $1.5 million

NWA

group that formed in 1986 with members Ice Cube (Oshea Jackson) Dr. Dre (Andre Young), DJ Yella, MC Ren, and Eazy-E (Eric Wright) who was a drug dealer that used the profits to start a record label Ruthless Records • Break through album Straight Out of Compton helped define the redirection of hip-hop to gangsta rap • Glorified the gangsta lifestyle with images of sex and violent lyrics • Dre took over much of the production of the album, but each rapper had a solo on the album • Became known as "the world's most dangerous group" with the release of "F**k the Police" • "Express Yourself" was song a about being censored in the mainstream media • Eventually both Ice Cube and Dr. Dre would depart on bad terms, bashing Eazy-E in several later solo albums • Eazy-E would later die of AIDS Dr. Dre would then form Death Row records and produce the likes of both Snoop Dogg (The Chronic) and Eminem, also rekindled the relationship with Ice Cube in the song "Natural Born Killaz" G-Funk era paid homage to P-Funk and George Clinton Eventually the East and West Coast rap styles would come to head between Suge Knight and Sean "Puffy" Combs, leading to the death of two rappers on both sides, Notorious B.I.G. and Tupac Shakur

Public Enemy

members were Chuck D, Flavor Flav, Terminator X, Professor Griff, DJ Lord, S1W, met in college Supporters of the Nation of Islam, often started raps from speeches of Malcolm X and Louis Farrakhan "Dancers" dressed in paramilitary uniforms Professor Griff was fired from the group after he gave anti-Semitic remarks to the "Washington Post" It Takes A Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back Provided the political analysis of Chuck D with the streetwise commentary of Flavor Flav Fear of a Black Planet (1990) was their first crossover hit album with politically themed songs as "911 is a Joke" and "Fight the Power", which was the theme song to Spike Lee's movie Do the Right Thing. Ex. "Fight the Power" Became one of hip-hop's most influential songs Public Enemy scored continued success with Apocalypse '91...The Enemy Strikes Black and hits like "Can't Truss It" It also confronted the issue that Arizona didn't recognize Martin Luther King Day as a holiday

Sound Garden

one of the first grunge bands to get signed released their first LP Screaming Life (1987) under the Sub Pop record label Chris Cornell (lead singer) imitated the heavy metal singers of old Soundgarden • Hiro Yamamoto (bass), Kim Thayill (guitar) and later Matt Cameron (drums) • Though they were the first grunge band to be signed to a major label, they were the last one to receive commercial success. • Their third album Badmotorfinger (1991), created hits "Rusty Cage", "Outshined", and "Jesus Christ Pose", which was taken off of MTV for being anti-Christian. • The album was largely overshadowed by Nevermind • Superunkown (1994) was their breakthrough album that garnered hits like, "Black Hole Sun", "Fell on Black Days" and "My Wave" • Ex. SpoonmanI • "Down on the Upside" made a departure from their grunge roots and results from the tour caused the band to break up • Chris Cornell would later form the supergroup Audioslave

Kiss

style was pure heavy metal (feel good), but one-upped everybody with their elaborate make-up. • Formed in 1972 by Gene Simmons and established themselves through their live shows by using gimmicks like spitting blood, breathing fire, explosions, and rocket-firing guitars • Dressed to Kill contained the band's trademark song "Rock and Roll All Nite" • Group produced sixteen albums, but none would reach the top 10, their only top ten song would be "Beth", a slow ballad • Longevity resided more with their theatrics than their music (Rock and Roll Hall of Fame)

why did the grateful dead break up

the death of Jerry Garcia in 1995 led the band to break-up a year later, only to reform in 2002 under the name The Others and then The Dead out of respect for Jerry Garcia

DJ Cool Herc

was one of the first to start manipulating hip-hop sounds from funk and salsa. • Originally from Jamaica he would use a style of MCing called patter-talk, sometimes called toasting or dubbing, in which he would "rap" over a long break • Also used two turn tables (like disco) to go in between break beats to elongate them where B (breaking) boys or B girls would dance • This style became the foundation of Hip-hop making him one of its founders

The end of of Jimi

• Growing tension in the band came to a forefront in this recording because of Jimi's need for perfection, sometimes reportedly recording tunes 43 times • The growing tension caused the band to break-up in 1969 after a concert got out of hand and the band was almost crushed by fans escaping from tear gas • In August, 1969, he formed the group Band of Gypsies to perform at Woodstock, in which he played the Star Spangled Banner on guitar. The band did not last long • Hendrix opened his own studio Electric Ladyland in New York in 1969 • In Sept. 18, 1970 Hendrix in the Samarkand Hotel, in Notting Hill. Controversy still surrounds his death, his girlfriend said he was alive when he left in the ambulance, claiming he had taken some sleeping pills, and the police said he was dead for quite sometime when they arrived. Doctors presumed that he asphyxiated by choking on his own vomit, others thought he had committed suicide

Albums of the Grateful Dead

• In the early 1970s the band moved to a more simplified country-rock sound and formal song structures and is reflected in the albums Workingman's Dead (1970) and American Beauty (1970) • Ex. Casey Jones • In 1975 they released Blues for Allah, which had elements of Jazz • Overall the band recorded 13 studio albums and over 20+ live albums • Their huge fan base were known as the "Deadheads", which would follow them to every concert they played. The band members considered them to be an extension of their family and allow them to bootleg all of their shows • The band was considered to be constantly touring, giving the most free concerts out of any other band in history. It has brought them to Woodstock, Monterey Pop Festival, and even to a concert at the base of the Pyramids of Giza in Egypt in 1978

The fall of the Doors

• On March 1, 1969 the Doors played a concert at the Dinner Key Auditorium in Miami, FL his growing disdain of stardom led him to expose himself to the audience, leading to a warrant for his arrest and public backlash • He would later change his image by growing a beard and would stop wearing his patented leather pants • Came back to their roots and recorded "L.A. Woman", Riders on the Storm and L.A. Woman were both hits off that album • Growing problems with Jim's live performance antics caused him to seek refuge in Paris, where he continued to drink heavily and died on July 3, 1971

Who did Janice Joplin sign with?

• Signed to Colombia Records soon after their performance and released Cheap Thrills in 1968

Heavy Metal

• The essential sonic element is power, expressed as sheer volume and distortion • Use of the "Power Chord" • Origins lie in blues-based rock and psychedelic music, but also classical music • Virtuosity (guitar solos) • The use of modal scales • Pounding bass and drums, blaring guitar, and screeching vocals that acted out their anger and frustration to societal institutions • Frequently stressing rebellious attitudes, using symbols of the death and destruction to appeal to their own aggression • Heavy reliance on riffs, with little or no harmonic movement • Roots in some blues and psychedelic rock These styles developed from the aggressive sounds of The Rolling Stones, Cream, Deep Purple, Iron Butterfly, and the Yardbirds, as well as the Who and Jimi Hendrix

The Doors' albums and songs

• Their first album "The Doors" reached number two on the album charts and the single Light My Fire became a number one single, played on FM stations ▫ The song The End from their first album "The Doors" is a shocking piece in which Jim Morrison recites and shouts his own version of Oedipus Rex  Fired from Whiskey-A-Go-Go • The success of the doors was partly due to the fact that Jim Morrison was considered to be a teen idol. • Their third album "Waiting for the Sun" became a #1 album (though deemed a disappointment) and had a#1 song in Hello, I Love You which bears a striking resemblance to The Kinks' All Day and All of the Night • Morrison becomes "The Lizard King"

Counterculture

• based on a rejection of the competitive, conservative American values, in favor of free-living, free-loving lifestyles experimenting in drugs and sexuality, and shared communities of choice ▫ Product of Alan Ginsberg and the Beat culture (1950s) ▫ Citizens of this movement were called "hippies" ▫ Timothy Leary "turn on, tune in, and drop out"

What brought about the counterculture

▫ Growing escalation in Vietnam, anti-war protests increased ▫ Fascination with Eastern religions and music ▫ Civil Rights Movements expanded (feminism) ▫ Mass availability of reliable birth control (the Pill) ▫ Wide spread use of "mind-expanding" drugs, including LSD or acid, and marijuana

Characteristics of Janice Joplin

▫ Janis was praised for her voice, a style that came from a tradition of black gospel and blues shouters. ▫ Though it was coarse and screaming, she was able to cut through the volume of the band ▫ Ex. Piece of My Heart