Music Test 1
Mozart, A Little Night Music, 1st movement Meter:
duple
Prokofiev, Romeo and Juliet Meter: (sounds more dark low bass, and violins on top)
duple
Octave
duplication of a pitch at a higher or lower level
Musorgsky, "Polish Ox-Cart" from Pictures at an Exhibition Mode:
minor
Prokofiev, "Dance of the Knights" from Romeo and Juliet Mode:
minor
Tchaikovsky, Dance of the Reed Pipes from The Nutcracker Mode: (darker, more brass than anything else playing)
minor
Vivaldi, Violin Concerto, the "Spring," 1st movement Mode: (lower(still n higher register) fewer violins, playing more calm)
minor
Does Pachelbel ever vary his bass and/or his harmonic pattern?
no
Throughout this piece, do the intervals in the bass pattern ever change?
no
Key
specific tonal center built on the tonic
Tempo
speed at which beats occur
Now a more lyrical new theme begins in the violin section and is echoed by the winds. But has the opening motive (SSSL) really disappeared?
No, it lurks below the new melody
Subdominant (IV)
built on 4th degree of the scale, to dominant
Handel, Minuet from Water Music Mode:
major
Phrase
segment, or self-contained, potion of a melody
When the trumpets rise, how many different notes do they play?
Three
Music is
Viceral
At the very last chord, a new sound is added for emphasis-to signal that this is indeed the last chord of the climax. What instrument is making that sound?
a cymbal
Scale
a sequential arrangement of pitches
Melody
a series of notes forming a distinctive, recognizable unit
Motive
a short distinctive melodic gesture
Ostinato
a short, repeated, musical pattern
Beat
an even pulse
A melody, harmony, or rhythm that repeats again and again in music is called what (consult the glossary for the meanings of these terms)?
an ostinato
Minor
associated with fear, anxiety, sorrow, despair, etc.
Major
associated with joy, confidence, tranquility, etc
Triad
basic chord of music (3 pitched in arrangement)
Identify: sounds like a saxophone but a bit lower, more stacoato
bassoon
Arpeggio
broken or staggered triad
Dominant (V)
build on the 5th degree of the scale, back to tonic
Tonic (I)
built on 1st degree of the scale, provides rest and sense of arrival
Modulation
changing the key, or tonality, within a composition
Consonance
chords that sound agreeable and stable
Dissonance
chords that sound discordant, tense, and unstable
identify: goes fast, trilling
clarinet
Syncopation
displaces the natural accent, gives unexpected bounce
identify: very low string
double bass
Bach, Brandenburg Concerto No. 5, 1st movement Meter:
duple
Bizet, Habanera, from Carmen Meter:
duple
Mouret, Rondeau from Suite de symphonies Meter:
duple
Listen again to the beginning. How many pitches do you hear before the violin enters and the bass begins to repeat? In other words, how many pitches are there in the bass pattern?
eight
Accent
emphasis placed on a musical line or chord
identidy: going really fast, think band class
flute
identify: low, brass, low but bright
french horn
Dvorák, Symphony No. 9, "From the New World," 2nd movement
homophonic
Musorgsky, "Promenade" from Pictures at an Exhibition (trumpet and whole orchestra playing)
homophonic
Key signature
indicated the specific tonality of the composition
Upbeat
last beat in the measure
Beethoven opens his Symphony No. 5 with the famous "SSSL" motive and then immediately repeats it. Does the repetition present the motive at a higher or a lower pitch level?
lower
Mouret, Rondeau from Suite de symphonies Mode:
major
Musorgsky, "Great Gate of Kiev" from Pictures at an Exhibition Mode:
major
Tchaikovsky, Dance of the Reed Pipes from The Nutcracker Mode: (intro to piece, flute)
major
Vivaldi, Violin Concerto, the "Spring," 1st movement Mode: (more happy, more violins playing in the high register)
major
Musorgsky, "Goldenburg and Schmuyle" from Pictures at an Exhibition Mode:
minor
Beethoven, Symphony No. 5, 1st movement
monophonic
Copland, "A Gift to Be Simple" from Appalachian Spring
monophonic
Debussy, Prelude to The Afternoon of a Faun
monophonic
Musorgsky, "Promenade" from Pictures at an Exhibition (only trumpet playing)
monophonic
Diatonic
notes that make the major and minor scales
Meter signature
numerical symbol indicating the meter (also called theme signature)
identify: woodwind, more crisp
oboe
Tonality
organization of music around a central tone
When a base line repeats over & over it comes from the baroque area...
ostinato base
Bach, Organ Fugue in G minor
polyphonic
Bach, The Art of Fugue, Contrapunctus IX
polyphonic
Josquin Desprez, Ave Maria
polyphonic
Louis Armstrong, "Willie the Weeper"
polyphonic
Therefore, the rate of harmonic change in Pachelbel's Canon is what?
regular
Meter
results from gathering beats into measures
Harmony
results when multiple pitched sound simultaneously
Diatonic scale?
seven (eight=octave), 2 modes- major & minor, patter - where tonic lies by where the half step lies
Chromatic
term derived from the Greek chroma "color"
Rhythm
the organization of time in music
Pitch
the relative position of a musical sound
Dynamics
the volume (loud or soft) of a sound
Clef
treble - higher bass - lower voices
Beethoven, Variations on "God Save the King" Meter:
triple
Chopin, Waltz in Eb major Meter:
triple
Handel, Minuet from Water Music Meter:
triple
identify: think mickeys 3 musketeers, soft, vibrating
violin
Are all the pitches within the pattern of the bass held for the same duration?
yes
Do you also hear chords (played on a harpsichord) along with the bass notes?
yes
What are the tempo markings:
Grave - very slow Largo - Broad Lento - slow Adagio - slow Andante - moving, walking tempo Andantino - slightly faster Moderato - moderate Allegro - fast Vivance - fast and lively Presto - very fast Prestissimo - as fast as possible
When the trumpets enter and ascend, does the low, rumbling sound disappear?
No
Downbeat
1st beat in measure
identify: low, sounds like a violin but a little lower
cello
Johann Pachelbel, Canon in D major (c1690) Play the clip. The bass enters first. At what point does the first violin enter?
0:13
Listen now to more of the composition. The bass is highly repetitious as the pattern recurs again and again. Each statement of the pattern lasts approximately how long?
12 seconds
Chord
2 or more pitches that sound at the same time
How does Beethoven add intensity to the conclusion of the transition?
A pounding drum (timpani) is added to the orchestra, and then a French horn plays a solo.
Changes in tempo
Accelerando - speeding up Ritardando - slowing down
Strauss, Also sprach Zarathustra (1896)-Opening. Which is true about the opening sounds?
The instruments are holding one and the same
Is the bass line pattern always played by the same instruments, or do other instruments take over the part?
The line is always designated to the cellos
In this passage Beethoven constructs a musical transition that moves us from the opening motive to a more lyrical second theme. Which is true about this transition?
The music seems to get faster and builds in volume
Haydn, Symphony No. 94, 3rd movement Meter:
triple
Prokofiev, Romeo and Juliet Meter: (mostly like a flute sound, light sound)
triple
identify:glissing sound, sounds bright
trombone
identify: easy to identify
tuba
How many half steps in a scale?
twelve
Pick up
upbeat prior to a compositions first downbeat
