MUSIC UNIT 1
the distinct high point of a tune is called the
climax
What is the term for a category or type of music, such as symphony, concerto, or opera.
genre
Music that has one main melody accompanied by other, less prominent sounds is
homophonic
The twelve possible positions for the major-and minor-mode scales are called
keys
Music based on the C-to-C pattern of whole and half steps is in the major mode; music based on the _______ pattern is in the minor mode.
A to A
What are the basic units of measurement for musical time
Beats
A chord that sounds stable and that offers a feeling of resolution can be described as
Consonant
Benjamins Britten's the young person's guide to the orchestra uses a tune written by which English composer
Henry Purcell
If a person sings a song while playing chords on a piano what kind of texture does the music have?
Homophonic
Ech occurrence of the strong beat/weak beat pattern is called
Measure
How do rhythm and mater relate to one another in music
The meter serves as the regular background, while the rhythm can coincide with it, cut across it, or even contradict it.
what is the main purpose of the prelude chapters, which provide historical context for each time period covered in this book?
To suggest, where possible, correlations between musical style and culture
What is the term for a meter in which the main beats are grouped in threes.
Triple meter
motive
a distinctive, easily recognizable fragment of a melody that is used repeatedly in a long compostition
scale
a limited number of fixed pitches used to make music
an organized series of pitches played in a certain rhythm, and usually having an emotional character, is called
a melody.
The diatonic scale uses
a set of seven pitches within an octave (do re mi fa sol la ti do).
the chromatic scale uses
a set of twelve pitches within an octave (all the white and black piano keys)
when a person sings a song, the natural tendency is to breathe
at the ends of phrases
An octave spans how many notes?
8
The form diagram tat represents a tune followed by a contrasting tune followed by a repetition of the first tune is
A B A
The form diagram that represents a tune followed by a contrasting tune followed by a repetition of the first tune with significant changes is
A B A'
played at a slow tempo
Adagio
The consistent use of syncopation is the hallmark
African American-derived popular music
Benjamin Britten wrote "the young persons guide" to the orchestra to teach listeners
to recognize the sounds of the various instruments of the orchestra
The saxophones closest musical relative is the
Clarinet
When the main beats of a duple meter are subdivided into threes, what is the resulting meter called?
Compound duple meter
Which term means "growing" or "getting louder"
Crescendo
What is a the term for a meter in which that main beats are grouped in twos or fours?
Duple meter
What is an example of nonmetrical music
Gregorian chant
The conventional terms for tempo come from what language?
Italian
What produces low sounds
Long vibrating elements
Percussion instrument capable of playing scales and melodies
Marimba
A recurring pattern of strong beats and weak beats is called a
Meter
A typical Large Orchestra today includes which sections
Strings, woodwinds, brass, and percussion
Generally, the term "rhythm" refers to the time aspect of music, but more specifically, a "a rhythm" refers to
The actual arrangement of long and short notes in a particular melody or passage
in the nineteenth century, what became the most important solo instrument
The piano
which of the following statements about musical form is the most accurate?
a form provides some fixed elements but allows composers possibilities within the details.
played at a fast tempo
allegro
what is the term for the distance, or difference in highness and lowness, between any two pitches
an interval
How musical instruments categorized into families or groups
be the method they use to produce sound
A stopping or pausing place is called
cadence
standard groupings of simultaneous pitches that work well in combination are called
chords
When one phrase is low and the next phrase is high, or one phrase is long and the next phrase is short, they can be called
contrasting phrase
A chord that sounds unstable or tense can be described as
dissonant
What is the musical term for the level of sound, that is, its loudness or softness
dynamics
What is an accent
emphasis on a certain beat to make it sound stronger than the surrounding beats
Any composer's style will have unique features as well as
features that reflect the style of his or her historical period.
term refers to the shape, arrangement, relationship, or organization of the various elements of a piece of music
form
a standardized pattern for organizing musical elements is called
form.
"loud"
forte
which of the following is a form?
fugue
The repetitions and contrasts that determine the musical form of a piece of music
have an emotional effect on the listener
When melodies sounding together are the same or fairly similar, with one starting shortly after another, the result is
imitative polyphony
the element of music that seems to evoke human sentiment most directly is
melody
Music that consists of a single melody without any accompanying sounds
monophonic
A combination of distinctive rhythms, harmonies, and tone colors contributes to a composer's
musical style
Melodies and tunes tend to fall naturally into smaller sections, called
phrases
flute that is the smallest and highest range
piccalo
What are the two main subcategories of percussion instruments
pitched and unpitched
Music that has two or more melodies that are played simultaneously and that are of approximately equal interest is
polyphonic
Contrapuntal is a term that is often used to describe
polyphony
what skill is essential for listener's ability to discern musical form
remembering musical themes and recognizing them when they return
Elements of music such as rhythm, melody, and harmony are organized into musical form by means of
repetition and contrast
When the same phrase occurs at two or more different pitch levels successively, it is called a
sequence
The form of Britten's the young person's guide to the orchestra is a
set of variations on a theme
what produces high sounds
short vibrating elements
In benjamin Britten's the young person's guide to the orchestra, the use of variation form is meant to
show off a catalogue of instrumental sounds and endlessly varied moods
which of the following is a Genre
string quarlet
Violin, viola, celio, and bass, and harp-
strings
Making a weak beat unexpectedly strong by displacing an accent is called
syncopation
an unpitched percussion instrument
tam-tam
what are three aspects of a piece of music that can be determine its genre?
text, function, and performing forces
Melody exists in the horizontal dimension from left to right, while ______________ exists in the vertical dimension
texture
"tone color" (or timbre) refer?
the general quility of a sound, which depends on the amount and mixture of overtones produced
what is the smallest interval in regular us in western music
the half step
Octave
the interval between two pitches that seem to "duplicate" one another
If music is said to be "in the key of G major," it means that
the major mode is positioned on G
what is a defining featuring of the diatonic scale
the mixing of half and whole steps
Tonality
the sense of focusing around a single "home" pitch that feels more important than all the other pitches of a scale
Harmony
the sounding at the same time of different pitches, in groupings called chords
what does the work tempo refer to
the speed of music
Melodies nearly always give a sense of focusing around a single "home" pitch that feels more important than the other pitches of the scale. this home pitch is known as.
the tonic
non-imitative polyphony
the various melodies sounding together are different from one another
musical texture
the way different melodic lines and sounds interact or blend with one another
is the most general sense, what does the term rhythm refer to
the way music unfolds in time
the most general term for the basic subject matter of longer pieces of music is
theme
What is the main difference between C major and C minor
three of the scale degrees are lower in the minor scale
which of these is a central function of musical form?
to extend music over a definite time span and hold the listeners interest
what brass instrument has the highest range
trumpet
the whole step or whole tone is the equivalent of
two half steps
To what instrument family does the english horn belong
woodwind
flute, clarinet, oboe, bassoon
woodwinds
Metronome
a device that can tick out beats at any desired temp
The conventional system of signs that indicate relative durations of long and short sounds is called
Musical notation
what is the term for music that has no underlying pattern of strong and weak beats at all?
Nonmetrical
What is the musical term for the "highness" or "lowness" of a sound?
Pitch
Highest range to lowest
Violin, viola, celio
What is a modulation
a change of key within a piece of music
When two phrases have the same notes but different words, or the same rhythm but different notes, they can be called
parallel phrases