Nervous System (MASTER A&P WEB)

Which of the following spinal cord structures contain the axons of CNS motor neurons that control muscles and glands?

Ventral roots

The somatic nervous system is part of the ______.

efferent division of the PNS

Pulling away from a painful stimulus is an example of a(n) ________ reflex.

withdrawal

In general, the nervous system

is fast acting

All of the nervous tissue outside of the central nervous system comprises the ________ nervous system.

peripheral

What do ependymal cells do?

Ependymal cells line the central canal and ventricles of the brain and produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Which of the following lists the parts of a reflex arc in the correct order?

receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, effector

Which of the following systems provides control over skeletal muscle contractions?

Somatic nervous system (SNS)

Which of the following synapse structures contains neurotransmitters?

Synaptic Vesicles

Action potentials are generated by the opening and closing of which of the following channels?

Voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels

A shift of positively charged ions into the cell is called __________.

depolarization

Small phagocytic glial cells, which are derived from white blood cells, are called

microglia

A neuron that sends messages to the CNS, and which is composed of one or more dendrites and a single axon, is functionally classified as a(n) __________.

sensory neuron

The resting potential of a neuron is ________.

-70 mV

Which cells are responsible for the distribution of sensory information and the coordination of motor activity within the CNS?

Interneurons

Which is the most common type of neuron in the CNS?

Multipolar neurons

Clusters of rough endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosomes are known as

Nissil Bodies

Which meningeal layer is bound firmly to the underlying neural tissue?

Pia Mater

Sensory nuclei are found in which of the following parts of the spinal cord?

Posterior gray horn

What is the difference between saltatory and continuous propagation of nerve impulses?

Saltatory carries impulses at a faster rate than continuous propagation.

Which of the following cells cover every axon outside the CNS?

Schwann cells

Where does an action potential in a neuron begin?

At the axon hillock

Which of the following events causes the depolarization of the post-synaptic membrane at a cholinergic synapse?

Binding of ACh to sodium channels

The ________ division of the nervous system brings sensory information to the central nervous system.

afferent division

The part of the peripheral nervous system that brings information to the central nervous system is the

afferent division.

The all-or-none principle states that

all stimuli great enough to bring the membrane to threshold will produce identical action potentials.

The ________ nervous system provides involuntary regulation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glandular activity.

autonomic

Cardiac muscle is an effector of the __________.

autonomic nervous system

Neurons that have one axon and one dendrite with the cell body between them are called

bipolar

Neurons that have two or more dendrites and a single axon extending away from the cell body are called

multipolar

Oligodendrocytes are to CNS as ________ are to PNS.

schwann cells

The arrival of an action potential at the end of an axon results in the ________.

release of a neurotransmitter from the axon terminal

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is found in the ____.

subarachnoid space

Which of the following structures convey motor commands into the spinal cord?

Descending tracts

How does a neurotransmitter move across the synaptic cleft?

By diffusion

Unlike neurons, neuroglia are ________.

capable of cell division

Changes in the membrane potential that cannot spread far from the site of stimulation are called ________.

graded potentials

Which nucleus or portion of the brain is important in learning and in the storage of long-term memories?

hippocampus

Bundles of CNS axons that share a common origin, destination, and function are called ________.

tracts

The membrane potential of an unstimulated cell is known as its ___________.

resting membrane potential

An action potential jumps from node to node in ___________.

saltatory propagation

The neurilemma of axons in the peripheral nervous system is the outer layer of

schwann cells

Which system is responsible for the "fight or flight" response?

sympathetic nervous system

Most neurons lack centrioles. This observation explains

why such neurons cannot divide through mitosis.

Monosynaptic reflexes

are exemplified by the stretch reflex.

Branches that sometimes occur along the length of an axon are called

collaterals

1. Sodium enters the cell. 2. Cell is repolarized. 3. Voltage-gated sodium channels close as voltage-gated potassium channels open. 4. Cell is depolarized. 5. A stimulus arrives. 6. Potassium leaves the cell. 7. Voltage-gated sodium channels open

5,7,1,4,3,6,2

Which neuronal pool occurs when information spreads from one neuron to several neurons?

Divergence

Which of the meninges of the brain consists of two fibrous layers?

Dura mater

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the spinal cord?

It forms a continuous connection with the brain.

Following an accident, J.J. realizes that he is unable to move his left leg. Which area of his brain is most likely affected?

The right frontal lobe

Which of the following is an automatic processing center that controls balance and fine-tuning of learned movements?

cerebellum

The central canal of the spinal cord is filled with ____________.

cerebrospinal fluid

Nissl bodies are __________.

clusters of rough ER and free ribosomes

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there in each vertebral level?

8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal

Which nervous system division is also called the "visceral motor system"?

Autonomic nervous system

Which of the following controls involuntary regulation of glandular secretions?

Autonomic nervous system