neural tissue vocab quiz 2

microglia

CNS; migrate through neural tissue; clean up cellular debris, waste products, and pathogens; Acts as a phagocyte, small glial cell type as a component of the immune system.

astrocytes

cell in the CNS that regulates ions and uptake and/or breakdown of some neurotransmitters and contributes to the formation of the blood-brain barrier; star-shaped ; protects the brain from blood infections; creates framework for CNS; repairs damaged neural tissue.

neurotransmitter

chemical messenger

oligodendrocytes

neuroglial cell that produces myelin in the brain; CNS;increases speed of action potential; internodes and myelinated segments of axon.

schwann cells

neuroglial cell that produces myelin in the peripheral nervous system; forms myelin sheath around peripheral axon; Supporting cells of the peripheral nervous system; 1 schwann cell sheaths 1 segments of axon.

synapse

the junction across which a nerve impulse passes from an axon terminal to a neuron, muscle cell, or gland cell; junction where information is transmitted from one neuron to the next, connection between a neuron and its target cell

grey matter

unmyelinated areas of the CNS; regions with many cell bodies and dendrites, few or no myelinated axons; appears to be tan or pink

satellite cells

PNS; surround ganglia and regulate environment around neuron; protect neuron cell bodies

ependymal cells

a glial cell that filters blood to make cerebrospinal fluid; CNS; line central canal of spinal cord and ventricles of brain; secrete cerebrospinal fluid, contain stem cells for repair.

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

circulatory medium within the CNS that is produced by ependymal cells in the choroid plexus filtering the blood; plasma-like clear fluid circulating in and around the brain and spinal cord; shock absorber, buoyancy, circulates ions and chemicals around the brain.

nodes of Ranvier

gaps between internodes where axons may branch; a gap in the myelin sheath of a nerve, between adjacent Schwann cells.

myelin

lipid-rich substance, insulates myelinated axons; makes nerves appear white; fatty substance helping insulate neurons + speed the transmission of nerve impulses.

ganglia

masses of neuron cell bodies; surrounded by neuroglia; clusters of cell bodies in the PNS

white matter

region of the CNS with many myelinated nerves; regions with many axons; Whitish nervous tissue consisting of neurons and their myelin sheaths.